Essays on Arterial Blood

The blood requires a balance between alkaline as well as acid components to function appropriately. Such a balance is referred as acid-base balance. The lungs, as well as kidneys, function to maintain such balance. Whatever variation causes acid-base imbalance. High levels of acid are referred as acidosis, and high alkaline is referred as alkalosis. Metabolic acidosis, as well as alkalosis, results from kidneys problem. Respiratory alkalosis and acidosis occur because of lungs' problem (Schrier 162). The levels or concentrations of acid or alkaline are determined on a scale of pH. Acidity makes pH levels fall, and alkaline condition makes ...

Describe the underlying pathology of COPD and the common pathological characteristics of the condition. Discuss the impact these pathological changes have on normal function, including how alveolar ventilation might be different in Mr Wenham compared to a normal individual. The hallmark pathological attributes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are one, poorly reversible airflow obstruction and two, a progressive atypical inflammatory response within the lungs. The abnormal inflammatory response denotes the responses of the innate and adaptive immune systems to long-standing exposure to noxious gases and particles especially cigarette smoke. Notably, all cigarette smokers have some degree of inflammation ...

Introduction

Cardiovascular physiology involves the study of the circulatory system. It addresses more specifically the physiology of the heart and blood vessels hence the name cardio and vascular. Rabbits are generally nervous and non-aggressive and sociable with each other. In this laboratory, the primary experimental variables were the heart rate and arterial blood pressure. The main goal of this laboratory was to investigate the effects of different hormones on the rabbit’s blood pressure and heart rate by means of intravenous injections, nerve stimulation and respiratory alterations. We hypothesized that the catecholamines would increase the heart rate and blood pressure ...