Essays on Asphalt

The main role of roof shingles is to form a layer of protection around a building in order to protect the structure from extreme weather changes, thereby reducing maintenance costs and increasing the value of a property . When it comes to selecting a material to be used in these shingles, there are options to choose between asphalt singles, organic shingles and tile shingles. Amongst all of these, asphalt shingles offer the twin benefit of affordability and durability. However for structures that are constructed in geographical regions where there are sudden and extreme temperature changes, asphalt shingles do not prove ...

Are Solar Roadways Viable Technologies for the Future?

Solar roadway refers to road surfaces that are capable of generating electricity through photovoltaic solar power cells (Aggrawal, Mehta and Tiwari 161). One of the existing proposals involves the use of panels that encompass LED signage as well as solar panels that vehicles can be driven on. It is a concept that requires the replacement of roads, highways, sidewalks, driveways, and parking lots with the panels. The layers embedded with LED can be utilized for creating crosswalks and traffic warnings (Hartwig 1). Extra electricity can be used for charging electric vehicles or can be routed into the power grid. ...

Material Extraction of Dry Battery AA:

A typical alkaline dry AA cell comprises a cylindrical external case, cathode, anode, and electrolyte and separators. The external casing is made from nickel-plated steel and is lined with a separator to divide the anode and cathode. The separator is made of either a porous synthetic material or layered paper. On one end, the battery canister is sealed with an epoxy or asphalt sealant underlying a steel plate and at the other end with a brass rod driven through the cylinder. The rod is welded to a metallic end cap and passed via an outer plastic seal. Inside the ...

Flat roofs are roofing systems with the slop less than 10 degrees. This construction allows to use them as living space. Flat roofs exist for centuries, and people developed different types of covering for these systems. There are several most popular decisions with own advantages and features. TPO. These are single-ply roof membranes made from thermoplastic olefin or ethylene propylene rubber. TPO membranes have “resistance to ozone, are algae-resistant, environmentally friendly and safe to install” (roofhelp.com, n. d.). The typical thickness of TPO sheets varies from 40 to 100 mils. Constructors use hot air to seal seams between sheets. ...

“Asphalt shingles are one of the most widely used roofing materials in market today” . The primary purpose of asphalt in roofing materials is to waterproof them. It can also hold the granules in place and add to the overall strength of the shingles used for roofing . This lightweight roofing material does not lack in durability either. And their relatively cheap cost makes them a favorite among home owners. And to add to all these advantages, they are very easy to install too . But asphalt shingles are not very resilient to drastic climate changes. If the surrounding temperature changes quickly, ...

Abstract

Microscopic analysis of materials is generally complex; hence engineers always look for alternative methods of analysis, by appropriate modelling. In specific, studying the damage of materials is important in almost every discipline of science/engineering/technology. Material damage includes the beginning, advancement and fracture of materials. The most important tool so far, used to analyze this damage, is called damage mechanics which relies heavily on continuum mechanics. It encompasses useful theories for the representation, modelling, and analysis of material damage. Broadly speaking, damage mechanics utilizes state variables to show the effects of damage. For instance, the variations in stiffness, and the ...

Introduction

This report will focus on failure damage on the road. It will take the given specifications from the director, and examine three different types of failure damage on a 300 meter stretch of pavement. The purpose of this project is to understand the road layers and the problems that may effect on each layer with different causes in each damaged selected location. This project also highlights the important role of creating study case and the advantage of making early fixing or maintenance to avoid the future unexpected damage on road. Moreover, this project’s emphasis how weather condition has the ...

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Introduction

System of road network is needed for any developed country and it is a vital part for infrastructure development. Main subjects of this study are pavement defects such as alligator cracking, bleedings and potholes. Such pavement distress as potholes and alligator cracking cause serious negative effects and decrease the lifespan of pavement. Additionally, the safety on road is questioned due to bleedings of pavement since the friction between car and pavement significantly decreases, meaning that the braking path increases. This study is concentrated on studying ...

- Introduction The subject of this study concerns some of the most serious pavement deficiencies: alligator cracking, bleeding, and potholes. Alligator cracking and potholes can often shorten the pavement’s lifespan. Bleeding more often impacts road safety; bleeding causes reduced friction which, in turn, can cause skidding for drivers. The case study focuses on alligator cracking, potholes, and bleeding in an effort to explain their impact on pavement, as well as how they are remedied. In an effort to better understand the detriment these issues cause, a local two-lane road was studied for evidence of distress and damage. ...

Answer Question#Z

Sustainability is a process in which what is consumed or used is again replenished at a different point in the process cycle, so that one ends up with the same conditions at the start or end of the process. For example, the water cycle is a natural sustainable process. Sustainable processes can theoretically go on and on indefinitely. In a society, development of any kind requires infrastructure which is in the forté of the Civil Engineer. Therefore, how can sustainability be defined from the Civil Engineer’s point of view? The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) defines sustainability as “A set ...

Abstract

Flexible pavement distresses are caused by poor design, wear and tear, and traffic loading beyond design capacity. The amount of loading that a pavement can bear without failure is determined by the strength of the subgrade and the surface layer. Pavement failures are of eight major types; potholes, bleeding, alligator cracking, rutting, shoving, depression, block cracking, and longitudinal cracking. Each pavement distress has causal gents and repair methods defined by local and international codes. This report shall focus on bleeding, potholes, and alligator failure.

Introduction

Potholes, bleeding, and alligator cracking which are the subject of this case study are some of ...

Question 1

Hot-Mix Asphalt Concrete (HMAC) is an energy intensive civil engineering material. According to the Environmental Life-Cycle Assessment studies done on the production of the Hot-Mix Asphalt shows that the process of mixing asphalt and drying of aggregates consumes more energy than the energy required in the extraction of crude oil and bitumen distillation. This aspect is unsustainable since the energy is primarily obtained from fossil fuels (70 to 80% of natural gas is used to produce Asphalt) which are non-renewable energy sources. One way of mediating this shortcoming is to obtain the energy from renewable sources such as solar, ...

Pavement distresses are distortions in the pavement surface and the subgrade either due to poor design or external factors. Distresses shorten the lifespan of a pavement and pose a danger to the road users or causes discomfort. This is a paper on the different types of road distresses, causes, and the mitigation measures which can be taken to remedy the distresses.

Rutting

Rutting is the accumulation of slow permanent deformation due to continuous densification of pavement layers caused by the shear displacement of the subgrade. Shearing causes uplifting on the sides of the rut. Rutting occurs along the tracks of heavy vehicles on a ...

Fossils are used to refer to the traces or remnants of the past life. They are the remains of the animals, plants, organisms, or things that existed on the earth in the past. The activities of such beings can also be categorized as fossils. The term fossils means something which is obtained by the process of digging. Since fossils provide the remnants of the creatures that existed in the past, they are a good reflection of the life and life forms in the past, and much about the conditions and creatures of the past can be determined by examining the ...

Disposal of the hazardous waste has been a cause of concern from the time immemorial. Such poisonous toxic waste has a numerous disadvantages ranging from injuries and death to even permanent birth defects. This hazardous waste when dumped in an open area even used to contaminate the water, posing a threat to the aquatic life. To tackle this disastrous problem US military thus came out with the concept of disposal site. A site which is generally used for accumulation of waste with the primary purpose of disposal or treatment of such waste is called a disposal site. Before the existence of such ...

She skip- skip- skipped over black asphalt, silvery-gray patent leather shoes blinking bemusedly up at her. She nudged the toes of her shoes up against the seam of the vereda, where the asphalt was rouged with bright, rusty-red dirt. Mamá was calling, calling from the house, m’ija, m’ija, come here, you know it’s not safe, not safe at all, come back inside. The words tugged against her throat, leashed her to the black of the asphalt; and she reluctantly moved back to the casa, back to Mamá, to safety. Ratatata, ratatata, ratatata, the machine ...

Normally, oxygen is found in gas form. However, this gas can be separated from other components of air through distillation, and then cooled into liquid oxygen. In its liquid form, oxygen can be used to propel rockets as they are launched into space. Liquid oxygen can also be used in making explosives. However, liquid oxygen is a very volatile substance hence; making it dangerous to make explosives. When liquid oxygen comes into contact with an asphalt pavement, there are likely to be hazardous impacts. The reaction usually causes fire, which is followed by an explosion. In its liquid form, ...

Introduction

The New Testament highlights the story of King Herod through the gospel of Matthew (Bromiley 1998, Vol. 2). In one remarkable event known as the Massacre of the Innocents, King Herod was placed in biblical history as the murderers of children. According to this story, Herod ordered the deaths of all the young males, aged two years old and below, in Bethlehem and nearby vicinities (Bromiley 1998, Vol. 2). This was after the Magi who inquired to King Herod about the Messiah or the Annointed One did not return to him. Herod was illustrated in this story as one ...