Essays on Atrium

Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation is the most encountered cardiac rhythm disorder in clinical practice. It affects <1% of persons aged <60 years. This prevalence increases to 10% in persons aged >80 years (Amerena, Walters, Mirzaee and Kalman, 2013). Atrial fibrillation is a key differential diagnosis in patients presenting with chest pain, palpitations, shortness of breath, light-headedness, and syncope (Cruickshank, 2008). This paper will examine the differential diagnosis, pathophysiology, and paramedic implications of atrial fibrillation in relation to the case of a 43-year old male who presents with features and ECG findings of atrial fibrillation. It will first examine ...

Abstract

Heart failure (2.6% prevalent worldwide) is a complex clinical syndrome, resulting from a structural or functional cardiac disorder and impairing ventricular filling or ejection capability. The current case of a 59-year-old male patient admitted on August 18, 2016 due to worsening shortness of breath and bilateral left extremity edema (one week) involved an existing diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). Physical and clinical profiles indicate a comorbidity between heart failure (HF) and DM2. Laboratory and imaging findings were not indicated, while diagnosis was based on the NYHA Classification guidelines. A review of literature revealed three crucial weaknesses in the diagnosis. ...

The cardiovascular system consists of blood, the heart, and the circulatory system, which includes veins, arteries, and capillaries. The function of these organs is to transport oxygen from the lungs to cells throughout the body. Each organ system in the body is essential in providing homeostasis in the human body. However, the actions of the cardiovascular system are critical to human life. Many physicians, scientists, and other professionals dedicate their life to the understanding of the cardiovascular system and its diseases so that people can live longer and more productive lives. This paper will discuss the general anatomy of ...

(Student’s Full Name)

According to John Arend, Mike Benkert, Audrey deFilippis and Saretta Tillmaand, when the Commerzbank building opened its doors in 1997, the “53-story” edifice became the one of the “tallest” buildings located in Europe (1). Nevertheless, the edifice’s distinctiveness did not come from its height, but, rather, it came from the way in which it combined “form, inventiveness, and technical expertise” (Arend, Benkert, deFilippis, & Tillmaand 1). The design and construction of the Commerzbank saw the “[b]reaking away from the American model of deep-planned, air-conditioned structures” that have a “central service core” (Arend, Benkert, deFilippis, & ...

The technology of architecture is quickly evolving, and so too are the tastes and aesthetic desires of architects. Architecture presents a way for an individual to interact with a space, and an art museum in particular has to play a very specific role: it has to house fine art, of course, but it also has to be a functional, aesthetically pleasing space. The Perez Art Museum Miami is one of the most spectacular museums in the City of Miami—not only because of the art it contains, but because of the architecture of the building itself. It is a ...

INTRODUCTION

My research will examine techniques that optimize financial, environmental, quality, and energy aspects of contemporary architecture. The work of Norman Foster and Partners will be considered in detail. This award-winning firm has many high-profile projects concerned with energy efficacy. I will examine Foster designed buildings in order to better understand strategies for maximizing savings and encasing ecological conservation through passive solar design.

Principles of Passive Solar Building Design

Passive Heating is designed with Solar Geometry; solar geometry uses the natural path of the sun across the sky in both the summer and the winter to reduce the need for cooling by air conditioning, the provide ...

Rehabilitation for patients with hip replacements starts prior to surgery. Care team trains the patient to evade hip dislocation, explains the basics of relearning how to safely and effectively walk once again, and shows exercises that are necessary to perform after surgery. Rehabilitation team members devise a personalized plan for the patient. They take into consideration any health problems which might negatively impact the individual’s recovery. As a rule, the patient stays in the hospital up to three or four days, although discharge depends on how fast the patient progresses. Generally, by the third day after surgery, patients ...

INTRODUCTION

My research will examine techniques that optimize financial, environmental, quality, and energy aspects of contemporary architecture. The work of Norman Foster and Partners will be considered in detail. This award-winning firm has many high-profile projects concerned with energy efficacy. I will examine Foster designed buildings in order to better understand strategies for maximizing savings and encasing ecological conservation through passive solar design.

Principles of Passive Solar Building Design

Passive Heating is designed with Solar Geometry; solar geometry uses the natural path of the sun across the sky in both the summer and the winter to reduce the need for cooling by air conditioning, the provide ...

Albidda Tower

Albidda Tower is a 215 tall, 43 storey modern building in Doha. This building is perhaps the most modernist work of architecture in the conservative Arab country. It combines various aspects of contemporary architectural design including the twisted face, which makes it unique among all modern buildings in the Gulf. Another modernist aspect of this building is the triangular shaped floor plan, which has been conceptualized in such a way that the floor area at the top is larger than the base, making it elegant. However, intricate design elements have been incorporated to ensure stability of the entire building ...

Background about the development of a bird

The development of a bird from an egg is the complex and speedy process which takes 21 days from the moment the embryo forms. The developments are facilitated by among other factors the presence of pores (about 7,000 of them) on the egg's surface. The pores allow transfer of gasses (oxygen diffuses in while carbon dioxide and water vapor diffuse out) through the shell (Gilbert). Before the egg is laid, it is fertilized; the living cells divide and grow wile segregating into groups. During incubation, the first sign of an embryo appears at 13 to 16 hours after ...

This is a network of a large number of neurons that is designed modulate, generate, and transmit information with the different parts of the body thus facilitating important body functions. It is basically the electrical wiring of the body. Structurally the nervous system is divided into central nervous system (the brain, spinal cord and nerves) and peripheral nervous system made up of sensory neurons, ganglia and nerves. Functionally the nervous system is divided into somatic and autonomic component. The CNS integrates all the sensory and motor information of the body. The nervous system has two components the gray and white matter. ...

Selection from an 8 year-period of pulmonary valve replacement and cross sectional follow up of a commercially available biological valve, assessed with established and a new method

What This Thesis Is About

Pulmonary valve replacement is a procedure necessary in many congenital heart defects and in-valve degeneration cases. Surgical results are excellent, but the longevity of artificial valves is very limited. Our goal was to give a retrospective overview of methods and results from the year 2000 until 2008 at Rikshospital, as well as the prospective five year follow-up of a biological valve made from bovine pericardium. Follow up included clinical examination with ECG, echocardiography, spirometry, treadmill testing, echocardiography ...

DISCUSS THE ROLE OF ION CURRENTS IN DETERMINING THE SHAPE AND DURATION OF CARDIAC ACTION POTENTIAL

Introduction Selective permeability to various ions is an important characteristic of cell membranes, one that determines myriad cellular functions. In animal cells, ion permeability and the electrical potential generated thereof determines the activity of neurons, myocytes and the like. The electrical potential depends on the concentration of the ions inside and outside any given cell, the permeability of the cell membrane to the ions and the ion channels that are present on the surface of the cell. Cardiac cells also possess different ion channels on their surface. These determine the two types of electrical potentials, namely, resting membrane ...

VENOUS STASIS ULCER

Venous stasis ulcers commonly occur in the legs due to venous insufficiency or poor venous blood drainage. Veins of the legs have valves in then which ensures a proper unidirectional flow of blood towards heart. In venous stasis, these valves are damaged, thus the venous blood accumulates in the legs instead of being pumped upwards. A prolonged pooling of blood in the leg leads to increased pressure in the affected area thus causing a break in the skin and causing ulcers. The causes for venous stasis could be smoking, occupations requiring prolonged hours of standing, obesity or deep vein thrombosis.

Clinical ...

First case:

A cath surgery is to be performed in both left and right side of the heart due to the patient’s shortness of breathing.

- First a wire will be placed inside the heart to determine the amount of oxygen there are leaks in the valves. - Water will then be injected and connect it with a thermostat in the atrium and pulmonary to determine the temperature inside the body. - The procedure begins at the left coronary side - The next step is to block the femoral in order to stop the blood circulation in the left ...

Answers

- The differences between the cardiovascular diseases and the coronary heart diseases

The major differences between these two types of diseases relates to the vascular components of the cardiovascular system. This simply means that the cardiovascular diseases do not only involve the heart alone but also involves all the heart linked vessels. i.e all arteries, veins and lymphatics found to be associated with the heart and blood passes to and from the heart. However, the coronary heart diseases only relate to the vessels that are within the heart itself and supply the heart itself and also the muscles of ...

- Erythrocytes or red blood cells are the most well-known components of the whole blood. They contain hemoglobin, a complex protein, which contains iron. This helps red blood cells to carry oxygen through the body. And this is the main function of erythrocytes. When hemoglobin concentrations fall down and there is no sufficient amount of red blood cells to carry oxygen it is termed anemia. Iron is very important component of the erythrocytes because iron can bind oxygen and transport it to the tissues.

- The blood runs a certain path through the body. It moves through pulmonary circuit and then ...

Introduction

In the chapter 3 from the book The Basic Concepts of Wellness, the thing is about how to train body and mind very good so that to reach success in any kind of sport, specifically fitness. Training fitness is doing the hard work by stimulating muscles and getting trained heart. This chapter tells about how to do it right not to get the body harmed. It is necessary to choose the boots right, to decide how to organize the day correctly, how to deal with problems that may happen during training. The book may be very useful in order ...

The human heart, which is roughly the size and shape of a man’s closed fist, contains 4 chambers and 4 valves. The 4 chambers of the heart that divide its internal cavity into four regions are the right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium and the left ventricle. The atria constitute the upper chambers and the ventricles comprise the lower chambers. The two atria have thin walls and receive venal blood. Deoxygenated blood from the systemic veins is received by the right atrium. The left atrium receives blood which is oxygenated from the pulmonary veins. The two ventricles have thicker ...

Lesson 5 Answers:

24.) Plants are classified into four major groups: Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and lastly the Angiosperms. Bryophytes are the plants that do not have true vascular systems, which consist of the xylem and the phloem. In this group, includes the mosses, liverworts and hornworts. Together, they are considered as land plants that reproduce their own asexually by producing spores. Spores are produced in the ‘sporangium’ (plural sporangia), a bulb-like structure located at the top of the stalk. It can only be seen through the use of high powered microscope. Because they lack vessels that can bring the nutrients from the roots ...

Introduction

It will be documented that the oxygen molecule, which basically glides through the air, happens to breathed in via the nose and mouth in the course of inhalation. It then moves from the nose and mouth into the pharynx, precisely, to the nasopharynx and oropharynx. Studies hae extended to reveal that the epiglottis in return closes so as to inhibit foreign substances from flowing into the windpipe (trachea). As it moves from pharynx, oxygen molecule passes through the voice box (larynx) via the trachea. It will be realized that the trachea actually separates into bronchi, which are mainstream branches ...

Deep vein thrombosis is formation of thrombus in the deep vein of leg. Most commonly it occurs as a result of post surgical complication, any chronic and debilitating disease, immobility for a considerably long period of time, post partum complications, local injury. The thrombus may be loosely attached to the vein, which may lead to fatal consequences like pulmonary embolism due to dislodging of the emboli.

PREDISPOSING FACTORS

- Stasis - Increased blood coagulability - Injury to the vessel wall

SITES OF INVOLVEMENT

- Calf vein - Femoral vein - Ileofemoral vein - Pelvic vein

PREVENTION

Before operation : a) Pre operative hospital ...

The Ford Foundation Building is a 12 story building (with two subterranean floors) located in the heart of New York city. The design was conceived by Kevin Roche John Dinkeloo and Associates in 1964 on a commission by the Ford Foundation for its headquarters. The firm designed the building mainly comprising materials such as glass, controlled rusting steel and pink flecked Canadian Granite. The building was completed in 1967, and received its fair share of appreciation, as well as criticism. The interior design was basically intended to break down the isolation that cubicles offered, and yet maintain individual privacy at the ...

Fantastic Voyage - II

It is Day 1 and I am in a mini sub, all set to travel across the wonders of the human body, as the said body ingests junk food that we eat daily. I expect this video and my report will demonstrate the effects of such food inside our body, since on the outside we are blissfully unaware about these possibly harmful. We shall see. Now let me get into the details. This is your name from “Fantastic Voyage”, reporting from a mini submarine that is 8 microns long, and today I will show you the complex innards of a human ...

Right atrium temporarily carries deoxygenated blood from body tissues. It receives deoxygenated blood from the upper portion of the body via superior vena cava. In addition, deoxygenated blood from the lower portion of the body enters the right atrium via inferior vena cava. Upper portion of the body carries the head, neck, and other organs situated superior to the heart while lower portion carries legs and other body parts situated superior to the heart. As more blood enters the right atrium, it fills up. This makes its walls to contract causing pressure to build up. The pressure causes the ...

Introduction

Regular exercise is known to be a therapeutic lifestyle factor. It is not a drug, but it possesses many traits of a powerful pharmacologic agent. Routinely performing physical activity (PA) stimulates many beneficial physiologic changes in the body (O’Keefe, 2012). Age is associated with increases in body weight, body fat, and abdominal fat. Besides as age advances, many people tend to spend time in sedentary activities. Fifty-five to sixty years is the age when people retire from their services; and this sets a sedentary lifestyle for most. Sedentary lifestyle, as is widely known, is associated with obesity, diabetes, cancer, and/or cardiovascular diseases ( ...

Abstract

This research paper aims to explore the construction methods of the Lloyds of London. It highlights the history of this magnificent structure and also tells what ideology was followed while building it. This paper also tells us the different architectural influences that are impacted on this structure and the building materials used. Lloyds of London have become a source of inspiration for many architects who wish to incorporate convenience in their design. This paper also tells us that if such a structure was built in times today, how it would be.

Introduction

Lloyd’s Building is raised in the metropolitan city of ...

Introduction

Modern day health care systems focus on offering holistic care that is patient-centric, safe, effective, efficient and timely. To this end, medical practitioners must have a diverse set of skills and knowledge from pharmacology to human anatomy and physiology. Of this, a sound understanding of anatomy and physiology are critical in provision of care for long term care. Physiology is the study of function in living systems while anatomy is the study of structure in living things. These two disciplines have been central in the delivery of health services since Ancient Greece where philosophers such as Aristotle explained the relationship between ...

ORIGINAL

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) remains the key technology for more complex cardiac operations. Despite tremendous progress since its introduction into clinical practice, CPB is still far from perfect and hence continuous efforts to study and improve hemocompatibilityof both conduct and components of CPB are crucial. The problem is cardiac surgery in conjunction with cardiopulmonary bypass in its current form restricts the patient to exit the hospital in 5-7 days. We know that conventional standard bypass triggers the release of inflammatory mediator which elongates patient’s length of stay. The Pinnacle System tricks red blood cells, platelets, proteins and inflammatory mediators ...

Introduction

A well performing shopping mall should fundamentally have proper Indoor Environment Quality. The importance of a high proper Indoor Environment Quality cannot be underscored any more. Significant costs go into creating a high proper Indoor Environment Quality in shopping malls. This energy is used for processes like cooling and ventilation in order to get rid of the high internal gains in heat from electrical appliances, equipment and people. In the recent past, architects have explored the potential for natural ventilation in building spaces (Bauer, MöSle, & Schwarz, 2010, pp.71) Following up on their advances, architects have applied natural ventilation in ...

The cardiovascular system (both the heart and the circulatory system) is defined as “the network that delivers blood, oxygen, and nutrients to the body's tissues in conjunction with the respiratory system” (Anonymous, 2012). The circulatory system consists of a vast network of tubes that carries the blood to and from all parts of the body. The heart, lungs, arteries, arterioles (small arteries), and capillaries (very tiny blood arteries, also called vessels) carry oxygen- and nutrient-rich blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. The veins and venules (small veins) carry oxygen- and nutrient-depleted blood back to the ...

Bilbao is one of the most storied cities in Spain, dating back more than 700 years. Presently, it has about 500,000 people within its boundaries, but Greater Bilbao, an area over 400 square kilometers in area, has over 1 million people.1 Although it had long been a leading port, it also gained prominence in the shipbuilding, chemicals and steel industries; however, when those industries began to decline after the death of Franco in 1975, the city sank into a recession. One of the causes for this recession had been Franco’s insistence that these industries only serve Spanish clients instead ...

The Cardiovascular System

The cardiovascular system functions as a circuit for blood to be circulated throughout the body. The aim of this is for oxygen to be transported to the cells and carbon dioxide to be transported away from the cells. Also, nutrients, in form of glucose, are also transported to body cells. Hormones and other endocrine gland secretions are also transported round the body from the specific glands to the target sites. Moreover, components of the immune system are also transported. T. Horse (1990) The cardiovascular system functions with the Heart as the pump that generates the force by which the ...

A platform erected in Stuttgart Germany and completed in the year 2006 was because of the expression of the Mercedes Benz Company, displaying its art trends in the cars that they produce. Acting as an institution of technological research, the Illinois institute of technology built in the state of Illinois in the United States displays art works that go beyond the context of each of the structures. Aspiring architecture scholars within and outside the regions of Illinois and Germany are motivated by the building strategies of the buildings and the art features associated with the building. French composers ...