Essays on Aztec

With specific reference to at least three readings given, explain how the early modern period can be understood as an "invention" or "discovery" of the modern age? The early modern period in the world’s history marks significant changes in culture, religion, worldview and people’s perception of themselves in the universe. Symbolically defined as the period between the fall of Constantinople in the late Middle Ages and the onset of the Age of Revolutions in the late eighteenth century, the early modern period is commonly described as the time of invention, the Age of Discovery and the Age ...

Throughout the history of Europe, Africa and Asia there had been Empires. These included the Roman, Akkadian, Babylonian, Greek, Shang, Persian, Holy Roman, Bulgarian, Byzantine and Russian Empire along with many more. While Africa, Asia and Europe went through many Empires, South America only had three, the Aztec, Inca and Mayan before the arrival of the Europeans. This paper will look at the effect of Europe’s need to increase their empire on the New World. The first European arrivals to the New World were the Spanish, who decided to expand their empire into the Caribbean after Columbus had ...

Emperor Montezuma and the Aztec Empire

Montezuma II was born in 1446, and he ruled the Aztec Empire from 1502 to 1520 AD. During his reign, the Empire grew immensely. There was a deeply held belief amongst the Aztecs that a god would come from the east to be their Lord. Hernanes Cortes (1495-1547) and a group of Spaniards were prompted by mercantilism to push further into central Mexico in pursuit of rich gold lands. The group moved to the Tenochtitlan city capturing Montezuma II and killed him (Bulliet et al., 1997). Primarily, Emperor Montezuma II expanded the Empire of Aztec, increasing its wealth and ...

North America

Object 1: Medium: Wood and abalone Current location: Provincial Museum of British Columbia Image sourced from: Historica Canada . (2015, March 4th). Indigenous Art in Canada: Frontlet. Retrieved July 7th, 2016, from Historica Canada : http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-art-in-canada/ A product of the Tsimshan culture, this Frontlet features as one of many examples of North American aboriginal artistry. The frontlet has been suggested as one of the most noted art forms of the Iroquois civilization that occupied large swathes of Canada. The Iroquois created various abstractions of these Frontlets, also known as False Faces, and they were typically created to feature as sacred ...

Gloria Anzaldúa’s Borderland: La Frontera is a semi-real-life work that comprises text and poems that detail the indiscernible borders that are between Latinas and non-Latinas, males and females, heterosexuals and homosexuals, and various other contrasting crowds. Anzaldúa expounds that her manner of writing involves picking out images from her personality’s judgment, spinning forth the correct words to reconstruct the images (Anzaldua, 96). She asserted that reimaging of certainty in one’s mindfulness is significant because nothing transpires in the actual world lest it first takes place in the images in one’s heads (109). This ...

The issue of prolonged life has been debated for centuries. In fact, Ponce de Leon spent his life’s work looking for the Fountain of Youth all over the globe. The century long limit of human life has essentially created the fantasy of those who wanted to live longer. This curiosity of these individuals has led to the fantasy of seeing history when it transpired rather than reading it in a book. For this reason, many television shows and books have explored the possibility of a human living beyond their one-hundred-year timeframe. For example, vampires, warlocks, and the like ...

Hernan Cortes (1485-1547) – a Spanish conquistador, conqueror of the Aztec Empire. In 1504, Cortes left Spain on the ship "Quintero". In the next 15 years, he fought in the Antilles with the natives. In 1511, together with a prominent Spanish commander D. Velasquez participated in the capture of the island of Cuba. Velasquez became governor, and his favorite Cortes – Secretary. In 1519, a military expedition under the command of Cortes was organized. He entered the capital of the Aztec empire Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City) and captured Montezuma – leader of the Aztecs; long time was governor of Mexico. In 1541, ...

Religious change among the Aztecs

Annotated Bibliography Berdan, Frances, Aztec Archaeology and Ethnohistory, pp. 215-296. NY: Cambridge University Press (2014).

The source tells of the history and religion of the Aztec people.

Burkhart, Louise. “The missionary missionized.” In her The Slippery Earth: Nahua- Christian Moral Dialogue in Sixteenth-Century Mexico, pp. 15-45. Tucson: University of Arizona Press (1989).

This source tells about the implementation of Christianity on Aztec society.

Cervantes, Fernando. “The Indian response.” In his The Devil in the New World, pp. 40- 73. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press (1994) The source reminds one that they should be looking at the paper through an objective lens, rather than proscribing any ideals onto the Aztecs or the Spaniards. Florescano, Enrique, “Transformation of indigenous memory and resurgence of ...

Archaeology gives us a better understanding of humans’ past historical events. It provides us with details of how people lived, their routines, rituals, culture and society. In addition, it helps is determining whether certain misconceptions about communities are factual or true. The integration of archaeology to anthropology is a way to gain more understanding of history. By studying past communities using their artefacts and structure, we gain more information on how we are similar to the past communities or the influences such history has on people descended from the same communities. A lot has been learnt by discovering ancient ...

The Writings of Hernan Cortes and Bartolome de las Casas

The Writings of Hernan Cortes and Bartolome de las Casas In the half-century following Christopher Columbus’ arrival in the so-called “New World” of the Western Hemisphere, millions of indigenous peoples were slaughtered, hundreds of villages had been destroyed, and a hundred-year-old empire had fallen. Though all of these events took place at the hands of Spanish conquistadors, contemporary narratives of this tragic moment in history vary. In the early sixteenth century writings of Hernan Cortes and Bartolome de las Cases, two divergent views of the native population of the Americas and the justification for Spanish conquest emerge. This paper ...

Introduction

The essay chooses works of art in the Museum’s collection belonging to different periods. These include ancient as well as modern examples of art and architecture from different geographical locations.

Art from 200 to 1000 - 6th–7th century

Camel with Packboards and Baggage The Bactrian camel is about 11 inches in height and is exhibited in the Metropolitan Museum. Made of Earthenware with pigment, the camel carries the right proportions and has been carefully modeled. It is captured in a movement and as it is about to take the next step. Except for the packboard, there is no other object or ornament on the camel. The ...

It used to be fun to visit museums when in school with friends and school groups. However, my visit to Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) was different, as now I was in college and going there not just because everyone is going, or that your school or teachers have organized a tour, but I was going there based on my own plans and decisions. I had heard a lot about LACMA and decided to get more information about the museum online. I explored the website of LACMA and learned about the history of the museum. I learned ...

Abstract

The study describes phonological pluralization of nouns and adjectives in Nahuatl. It is based on selected groups of substantives and adjectives taken from Nahuatl and is focused on comparing their singular and plural forms in the phonological context. The groups are presented by the following semantic domains: Animals, Natural force (weather), Number, Perception visual colors, Physical artifact (dress and tool weapon), Physical celestial body, Physical condition form change, Physical somatic, Physical somatic body part, Physical spatial, Physical substance, Plant and Plant part, Quality, Social clan and Social kin, Time phase. The purpose of the paper consists in revealing phonological ...

Indigenous Language

Introduction Language is a very essential communication tool across the globe. It is defined to be the capability to use and attain different systems of complex communication that people use. There are many different language systems that are used all throughout the numerous races in the world. Linguistics is the scientific study mainly focused on language. Way back in the 20th century, there had been so many arguments about the origin or language. One is that language arose from the logical and rational thought while the other argument would be it arose from emotions; Immanuel Kant is one of ...

Imagine living on earth during a time when there was no electricity. A time with absolutely the bare minimum of any type of light pollution and just pure night time darkness. A time that when the sun set, a celestial showcase revealed a blanket of studded diamonds, twinkling in the night with splendor beyond belief. The wild, the magic, the miracles of survival; all captured in the cycle of day and night. The closet star to Earth, our Sun, feeds the planet with energy and warmth and the night sky illuminates the senses with creativity, wonder and storytelling. A ...

The 16th century exploits of Christopher Columbus and his men did not only bring about social, cultural and political clashes that created the United States, it also led to the process that resulted in the emergence of the state of Mexico. Mexico is an enigma of a country to the south of the United States border whose recent political, economic and social transformations have been overshadowed by its complex relations with the more prosperous United States. This country profile seeks to examine the history and current state of Mexico. It also explores and analyzes political culture, geography, demography, political ...

Aztecs` Human Sacrifice as the Example of Cannibalism

Cannibalism is a phenomenon that has always wondered people with its ambiguous nature. Despite the fact that cannibalism is now perceived as a deviation from the norm, yet there is documentary evidence that human flesh eating existed in the past. And now, the only difference is in the explanations that people find to cannibalism. In most cases, people believe that it was either way to survive in conditions of hunger, or a part of the culture and sacrificial rituals of the past. Time goes by and scientists put forward new explanations for this phenomenon. Nevertheless, each person creates his ...

The paper discusses two societies; the Mali Empire in North Africa and the Aztec Empire by comparing and contrasting their governments’ efforts to promote culture and the biggest challenges to their political stability. The government of Mali, over a long period has played a major role in maintenance and promotion of the Malian culture with the aim of ensuring that its culture is not eroded by either foreigners or citizens with unclear interests and ambitions. The national anthem of Mali which was composed by Seydou Badian has, over many years since her independence, acted as a symbol that unites ...

Exam

Introduction One of the greatest intrigues of the 21st Century is the fact that it is also considered as the information age. People from all corners of the globe are now coming to appreciate their ancient history regardless of whether it is favorable or otherwise. For instance, Christopher Columbus was previously well appreciated as a cultural icon who introduced the America’s to the western world (Carter and Warren 31). However, it has recently come to light that his innate objectives that fueled the determination to discover new lands was primarily imperialist. As such, the manner with which historians ...

The Aztec Empire dominated in a large part of Mesoamerica and was one of the mightiest nations on the American continent. The Aztecs’ capital Tenochtitlan was the biggest city in the Pre-Columbian Americas. It located on an island in Lake Texcoco that made it difficult to be captured by enemies. But in 1521 the Great Empire was ruined by the small group of Spanish conquistadors and eventually 90 percent on Aztecs – one of the most aggressive, combative and highly developed Indians – were wiped out. How did it happen? Hernán Cortés was a highly ambitious man. He craved ...

(21st, February 2016)

Ancient Mexican civilization had a great influence in shaping the Chicano Artists, thus, the reason they keep a reference to it. Gonzales illustrates that the Mexican had a long standing history of art beginning from the Olmec civilization to colonial period. The tradition got a boost in the 1920s when the Mexican muralism was formed to promote the art of mural paintings. During this time, the mural paintings were crafted with political and social messages aimed at reunifying the country after the Mexican Revolution. These pictures reminded the Mexicans about their oneness and from the 1920s ...

The archaeological and historical reconstruction of the growth of ancient civilization, though still incomplete, presents a coherent picture of regional development, prosperity and decline across the entire Maya area. The earliest humans to occupy Mesoamerica were hunters and gathers who lived in small bands that moved from one single area to another in the quest for food. These nomadic hunters never established villages during this period. One of the earliest known permanent settlements forms the Pres classic period is found in at Chaipa de Corzo, in the Grijalva Depression of Chiapas in south Mexico. During the Middle Preclassic period, ...

Altman, I., L. Cline, and J. Pescador. "The early history of greater Mexico." Upper Saddle River Prentice Hall, 2003. This particular source is essentially a presentation of the historical account of how Mexico was formed prior to their contacts with the European countries during the 19th century; it focused on regional growth, development both in terms of politics and cultural diversity, explaining that the Spanish Colonization of Mexico greatly affected the diversity in the region. This book was published by Pearson Publishing in 2002. It answers the research question because this source is basically an attempt to provide textbook ...

Q1. What types of evidence are used to explain the arrival of humans in North America?

Evidences related to human arrival in North America are the discovery of Folsomtips, thin projectile tips that proved that humans had lived and hunted on the continent far earlier, and the oldest evidence for human occupation in North America has come from the discovery of well chipped spear heads, Clovis Site in new Mexico.

Q2. In the millennium before Columbus, what evidence exists for non-local trade in North America?

Before the arrival of Columbus, there were various non local trades encored in North America. Hopewell people yielded pipestone, flint , copper, silver, mica, quartz, seashells, and shark teeth from ...

Compare and Contrast the Chrysler Building and the Empire State Building

Both The Empire State Building and Chrysler Building were constructed in New York (USA) in an era when American cities such as New York and Chicago competed to have the tallest buildings. The Empire State building was the tallest building in the world at the time of its construction, which started on January 21, 1930 and took 410 days to complete. The building remained the tallest office building in the world for 41 years. Nevertheless, the Empire State building lost this status since 1973, when the World Trade Center opened in Manhattan, progressive developers have constructed taller skyscrapers that ...

Compare the treatment of indigenous peoples by the Spanish in Mexico and the French and British in North America

The Spanish used techniques that caused the Indian, who were the natives of Mexico during the period, to fight against each other. This enabled them to conquer the Aztecs, who were the most dominant community in the region. When the Aztecs were defeated by the Spanish in 1521, Hernando Cortes placed policies that needed the Indians to give silver and other precious metals to the administration that took over. They used force when it came to forcing the natives to pay their dues. Encomendaros was also responsible with the converting of the Indians to Christianity while under supervision. This ...

The four articles summarized and discussed in this annotated bibliography were selected because they deal with some of the civilizations of the first Americans, the Aztecs in particular. There always seems to be a lot of information and research into Western and pre-Western archaeology and anthropology, such as studies about Celtic, Roman, and Egyptian culture and mythology, but less about pre-Columbian America. All four of these articles were selected from peer-reviewed journals. Journals were selected instead of a book because it seemed like the best way to get a general idea about some very diverse topics regarding the Aztecs. Topics for three ...

Introduction

Dona Marina, also called Malintzin, or La Malinche (1496-1529) was an American Indian originating from the Nahua (Aztec) ancestry. Malinche played a very important role during the conquest of Mexico by the Spanish. She was believed to be a princess of the Aztec language (Nahuatl) speaking tribe and was sold as a slave in her youth to the coastal traders because of the family politics.

Malinche’s father, who was a rich and powerful Aztek chief, died when Malinche was still a young child and therefore, her mother got married for the second time and gave birth to a son with her new husband. In ...

- Evaluation of the Company’s Objectives

The corporate objectives of Aztec Catering, a company providing catering services to businesses, schools, colleges, hospitals and retirement houses in the United Kingdom are the following:

These corporate objectives of the company require substantial work to refine, extract and direct the company towards profitability, sustainability and growth. The first step in refining the corporate objectives of the company is to be familiar with what a corporate objective is. Faucett (2012), defines corporate objectives as ”statements of intent that provide the basic direction for the activities of an organization in pursuit of its mission.” This means that a corporate objective is a broad, ...

The poem entitled “I Ask It,” written by a renowned Aztec poet Nezahualcoyotl is a very short piece, though very potent as it touches upon profound human truths of existence and being, which is actually what the Aztec religion concerned itself with. The Aztec people understood their place on earth; that all life is transitory, and that humans are not granted the life cycle of nature, which is to die and be reborn every spring. The life of a human being is merely a speck in time, barely perceptible, and their fate is subject to the whimsies of the gods, who ...

1. Marie de France’s “Bisclavret” is far more understated in its description of the werewolf than similar imagery in modern novels. One element of modern writing is an increased reliance on imagery rather than suggestion, and while the important element of “Bisclavret” is the theme rather than description, in modern works we tend to get both – consider the case of Professor Lupin from Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. The focus in “Bisclavret” is on the treachery of the wife and the knight, and the rectitude of the former baron. The narration in ...

The Spanish conquistadors defeated the powerful Inca and Aztec Empires quickly despite the low numbers of the Spaniards invading America. The Spaniards defeated the Aztecs in the year 1519, under the leadership of Hernan Cortes. In the year 1533, the Incas were defeated by the Spaniards under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro (HJ, 2015). Some of the factors that enabled the Spanish conquistadors to defeat the Aztecs and the Incas include superior technology; alliances with the natives; high training and education; infecting the Aztecs and Incas with diseases such as smallpox; the use of well trained animals such as ...

Introduction

In the traditional day, the urge to conquer various territories was manifest across the international system. Through their missions, the Spanish wanted to conquer Mexico as a consequence of enlarging and expanding their mandates on a planetary scale. The conquest of Mexico was eased by the fact that there was growing dissent in the entire region because there were people who sought allegiance through forceful approaches. In 1547, the Francisco Hernandez came into contact with Mexico through the Yucatan coast. Consequently, other expeditions by other individuals such as Juan de Grijalva provided further insights into the nature of the land that ...

The term “hydraulic” refers to waters or liquid in motion and originated from the word “hydra,” a Greek term that means water. A hydraulic civilization is an empire that controls its population through controlling the supply of water. The environment determines the kind of civilization needed in a specific geography. Climate and natural resources play a crucial role in economic processes. Thus, controlling the supply of an available resource allows monopoly and power to be established and maintaine by the government. The government in hydraulic civilizations is a distinct and permanent institution that ensures and monitors that water supply are properly distributed. ...

Abstract

The project deals with the problem of etiquette along with various forms that it implies. Table, business, and greeting etiquette are the focal points of the research. Apart from the norms of socially acceptable conduct, the project contains the overview of such essential aspects as history, geography, population, religion, and industry. The project is based on the opinions of the leading subject-field experts and specialists that major in history, demography, sociology, ethics, and affiliated disciplines. Keywords: Mexico, etiquette, conduct, geography, history, population, religion Etiquette is a set of rules and conventions that regulates human social behavior acceptable in ...

Indeed, Mixtec writing can be considered to have had an impressive history that spans to more than 2000 years. During this long duration, it has managed to express numerous aspects and concerns in regard to social reality in which it has been produced. Bringing us to the Mixtec-Aztec interaction, Mark B. King shows us how various characters and pictorials forms of writing represents complete ideas and words instead of sounds and syllables in poems and metaphors. The structure and meaning of the Mixtec codical symbolism have been examined and expounded in his article. According to King, the focus on ...

In the life of the Aztecs religion occupied an extremely important role. It was interrelated with all spheres of their everyday life: advancements of their architecture were related to the necessity of building huge temples for appraising their gods, wars were conducted with a view of enslaving people for sacrificing them to their deities, their culture was tightly connected with religion which was the source for new ideas and was the background for developing new cultural concepts, etc.. The religion of the Aztecs was polytheistic. They believed that the deities commanded the forces of nature and human actions. Aztec ...

Angola is a country found in West Africa. During the 15th century, the Portuguese established contacts with the inhabitants of the North Western part of the country mostly the Mbundu and the Imbangala who actively engaged in slave trade. Their activities in slave trade had great impact in the Atlantic Slave Trade. The black legend refers to an anti- Spanish propaganda which was commenced by the Italian and Protestant writers in the 16th century. It was in opposition of Spain’s brutality and aggression toward rebels in its properties both in America and Europe. Dona Marina was an ...

The Aztec community, who are the modern Mexica, are considered to be one of the most famous and important civilization of the Mesoamerica. Back in the Postclassical period, they are said to have moved to the Centre of Mexico and there is where they have settled ever since. They are known to control most of Mexico for most part of their stay in Mexico. Their rich history is explained by many documents and artifacts found in these sites including the Annals of Tlatelolco, Florentine Codex and excerpts of Oaxaca and Yucatan. Florentine Codex is a manuscript of the 16th ...

Part IV Question

Colonization of America by the European countries began in the late 15th century. The colonization was mostly motivated by the Europe desire to acquire wealth. The European colonialists justified their move by stating that they wanted to civilize indigenous people. The famous phrase “God, Gold and Glory” incredibly summarizes the colonialists’ motives. Explorers, Amerigo Vespucci, Diego Alverez Chanca, Hernando Cortes, and Samuel de Champlain spoke on their aspiration to extend the political boundaries of Europe and to advance European economies. Vespucci, Chanca, Cortes, and Samuel de Champlain emphasized their intent to convert Indigenous people to Christianity. Some of the ...

The conquering of the Mexican by a small group of Spanish conquistadors is one of the most interesting part of history. There are many ways in which the Spanish fighters used to defeat the Aztec Empire of Mexico. This story is one of the most famous incidents from history where the Spanish Conquistadors in partnership with their Indian allies conquered Aztec Empire. The Aztecs used to be notorious, and they never loved to keep the peace. They had a strong army of trained and experienced fighters and dominated the ethnic groups and territories for a large area. There are a number of factors that ...

Several factors can be attributed to the Spaniards conquest against the Mexican. However, the most significant factor that led to this conquest was the coalition of Spanish forces. Spanish forces got reinforcement from a number of rivals of the Aztec Empire. The rivals who offered support to the Spanish included Totonacs and the Tlaxcaltecas. The Spanish army coalition had the numbers in their favor besides the superior weapons which helped them a great deal to conquer the Spaniards (Lockhart, 2004). The Mexican on the other hand used inferior weapons which could not counter Spanish weapons. The Spanish coalition of forces was ...

History

Introduction of Aztec Empire Aztecs were Nahuatl-speaking people who ruled a large empire in the present central and southern Mexico during the 15th and early 16th centuries. They are called Aztec due to the word Aztlán, which refers to the “White Land”1, probably due to the origin from the northern Mexico. The center of the large Aztec empire, Tenochtitlán, was among the largest cities in the world in 1519. During that time, nearly 38 provinces were working under the rule of Tenochtitlán. Tributes, payments, and human sacrifices were most important events at that time that ...

MAYAN ARCHITECTURE: PRE-CLASSICAL PERIOD TO THE FALL

- Introduction The Maya people were a people who flourished in Meso-America-- notably the Yucatan peninsula-- prior to the arrival of the conquistadors from Europe. The Mayan people were already in decline when the Europeans arrived, but the European invasion of the Meso-Americas was very devastating for what remained of Mayan culture. As a result of this devastation, the art and architecture of the high classical Maya was lost for a number of years; it was swallowed up by the jungle, only to be later reclaimed and studied extensively. The Maya are often a source of fascination, as the reasons for ...

In search for a definition for Catholicism, a universally accepted one is “Adherence to the forms of Christian doctrine and practice which are generally regarded as Catholic rather than Protestant or Eastern Orthodox.” (Oxford Dictionaries). In the midst of a world that struggles to survive and live through wars, anxiety, injustice, greed, and devalued relationships, among others, the Second Vatican Council has declared that those that can provide the generations to come with reasons to life for and look life with optimism, hold the future of humanity (USCCB). Bearing that in mind, one can say that Catholicism is a faith and hope-centered religion ...

Hernan Cortes’ pre-conquest assessment of the Aztecs is one of the famous episodes in the history of the Spanish conquests. In the second letter to Charles V, Cortes gives an account of the pre-conquest assessment of the Aztecs. To start with the Aztecs had an unpleasant tribute system, which was not popular among the Mexicans. The harsh tribute system allowed Cortes to play the role of a liberator. Moreover, the Spanish were immune to several diseases they brought into Mexico, but the Aztecs were not. The spread of dangerous diseases, such as small pox reduced the population of the Aztecs ...

This essay explores how the United States which began as 13 separate colonies formed a distinctive nation of its own. It traces the early evolution of the people of America and the path to American independence from the colonial power. 1. Early Americans: Historians and archaeologists speculate that the early Americans crossed over a broad land bridge (Beringia) during the last Ice Age. As the glaciers melted, the land bridge was submerged, leaving them trapped on this side of the Bering Sea. Those people of Central America i.e., Maya, Aztec & Incas, became centers of innovation and cultural diffusion. They all ...

Chapter Summary

The first chapter of Howard Zinn’s text deals with the established societies present in the America’s prior to contact from other nations around the world. Is has been suggested by historian and archaeologists that the first people to arrive on these continents were not indigenous to the region and transplanted themselves here after following game over the land bridge that used to exist in the Bering Strait. They traveled throughout the continents, stopping in various locations while some continued to remain nomads and others built permanent settlements. Some of these early civilizations were quite advanced. A ...

Question 1. The Crusades are probably the greatest symbol of the religious enthusiasm of the age. What were the goals of the Crusades? Targets? What motivated people to go on a crusade besides religious zeal? How do we account for their general failure? How were the Crusades viewed by the Muslims, as indicated by the evidence from “Listening to the Past”? What lasting impact did they have? Answer 1. Modern history judges the crusades as severe and prejudiced and declares the celebrated period of Christian history as morally evil. There have been apologies for the crusades from many ...

In and before the 1600s, Indians performed some sort of slavery before the coming of the Europeans. The situation of enslaved Indians varied from community to community. For example, some were adopted into the community to replace slain warriors of battle. Some of these were mutilated or tortured to the point of death as a consolation to the bereaved families. Others were even married off to the widows of the deceased. Other communities, like the Creek, took the offspring of the slaves to become a full part of the community rather than enslaved offspring. Some tribes held them hostages for payment ...

(Insert Instructor) (Insert Course) (Insert Date)

1. Aztec was a term that the foreigners introduced for Mexicans in reference to their political alignment. Kings led the people of Aztec Empire who came from the ethnic group called Mexica. The Aztec believed in a god called Quetzalcoatl. The Empire had several ethnic groups in living in different cities a factor that made them susceptible to the attacking Europeans. It had a standardized tax system with proper collections and expenditure accounts. The Africans had kingdoms as their systems of governance before the coming of Arabs and Islam as well as Europeans and ...

Religion is the most common universal belief in which its importance lies on the moral values that guide people in life in following the path to righteousness. For some, it provides answers in their quest for meaning and purpose in life while others view it as a way to achieve their hopes and aspirations. In some cultures, religion arises out of a major phenomenon that symbolizes their history of political and social struggles which contributes a huge part of their culture and way of life. One example is the phenomenon of La Virgen de Guadalupe in Mexico which influenced cultural, social and ...

The Code of Hammurabi – it is one of the oldest monuments in the sphere of ​​legislation. It is a black basalt pillar on which cuneiform inscriptions on the classic Babylonian dialect of Akkadian are located, which include two hundred eighty-two articles from various areas of law. The Code of Hammurabi was created by the king of Babylon Hammurabi, who reigned in round 1793-1750 years BC and made Babylon the biggest cultural, economic and political center of Asia Minor of those times. The Code of Hammurabi – is one of the most important sources of the ancient Babylonian law and of the ...

There is little room to debate the general outcome of the interactions between the Spaniards led by Hernando Cortés and the Aztecs in the first quarter of the 16th century, but there is good reason to suspect that the story long associated with the Spanish conquest is more myth than true story. Examining and comparing a range of different narratives from around that period quickly reveals significant evidence that the belief that the Europeans were gods did not exist at the time of the conquest and was perpetuated both by Europeans and indigenous Americans in the centuries that followed ...

The influence and importance of Tolteca during the Aztec time

Originally, Aztec were nomads and had no artists or craftsmen. They had arrived in the valley of Mexico in 1325 by overpowering other tribes who occupied the region like the Xochimilco and Colhuacan. They preserved the ancient art traditions of the Tula after it had fallen along with its customs and traditions. Tula was the capital of the Toleca which is also referred to as Tolec. Tolecas flourished around 900-1187 and they were native of Hehuetlapallan, village found in 576 BC by the Northwest Mexico immigrants. This essay elaborates on the influence and importance of Tolteca during the time ...

The American Museum of Natural History in New York exhibits unique photography, motion pictures, and many other anthropological exhibits. This Museum was fascinating because it shows pieces of art describing other world cultures and their way of life. These artifacts and pieces of art help one understand other people’s culture and their traditional beliefs. The museum is divided into three floors and each floor has a particular topic that it covers. The first floor had artifacts of human biology, evolution of species, American Northwest Coast people, and eskimos. The second floor focused on people from South America, Asia, and ...

The Spanish established colonial empire in the Americas in the 16th Century in parts of South, North and Central America; a region that later became known as the Latin America. Its empire was among the first and largest global empires in the world. Its territories spanned the Americas, Asia, Oceania, Europe, and Africa between the 15th centuries until the late 19th Centuries, with several other colonial empires in Africa in the late 20th century (Mills, Taylor, & Graham). In 1492, Spain began as one united monarch after the Iberian Peninsula was Reconquista. A Spanish voyager, Christopher Columbus, commanded and exploratory voyage ...

Aztlan is the mythological home for the Nahua people. These people trace their originality back to Mesoamerica, the Aztec people’s legendary home. Aztec is the word that was used to refer to the people who came from Aztlan. When literally translated, Aztlan refers to a “Place of the Herons” or “Place of Whiteness” which meant that it was a wholesome and sanctified place. According the Chicano, Aztec and Nahua people, Aztlan was likened to the Garden of Eden. It was deemed to be a location where all originated from. According to them, Aztlan meant ‘home’ since a majority of the natives accepted ...

The interpretation that the pachuco resistance is tied to the “assimilation to political consciousness Chicano movement of the 1960s and 1970s [] achieved national popularity following Luis Valdez's celebrated play "Zoot-Suit"” (Mazón 118). Like a majority of Valdezs works, a Chicano family in crisis has been dramatized in this play. Although the play revolves around Henry Reyna but he is not the only central figure. Henry has a rather suave alter ego by the name of El Pachuco who embodies the stereotypical “Chicano” and “Pachuco.” Henry is a misunderstood figure in the play, and unlike his familia, El Pachuco brings another dimension to ...

The Inca Empire contained military, political and administrative in Cusco which is now known as Peru. It was actually the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. Their main language of communication was Quechua. They had many forms of worship though their leaders advocated for the worship of their sun god. The king was considered as the child of the sun. Their economy incorporated central planning of a very high degree. There was no evidence of external trade in their culture. In terms of art and technology, the Inca culture, architecture was one of their most important form of art. In addition, ...