Essays on Basal Metabolic Rate

Rat Endocrinology

Hypothalamus 1. What is the molecular mechanism to release TRH? TRH refers to the thyrotropin-releasing hormone. This hormone is produced by the hypothalamus. Before the full activity of TRH, some tightly controlled processes occur in the body including the appropriate folding of prohormone to move to the secretary pathway, the processing after translation, and movement of the peptides, which are processed, towards the secretary granules for secretion (Nillni n.p.). TRH develops from bigger inactive precursor (known as proTRH) as a result of modifications after translation and moved through the controlled secretary pathway. Prohormone convertases (abbreviated as PCs) including PC1/3 ...

Based on the initial symptoms, the patient most likely suffers from hypothyroidism or low thyroid hormone disorder. Further clinical tests and an examination of the family’s medical history reveals that the particular disorder could be Hashimoto’s disease; also called Hashimoto thyroiditis. Hashimoto thyroiditis is classified as an autoimmune disease. In autoimmune disease, one's immune system attacks the body’s tissue specifically the thyroid gland (Skugor & Wilder, 2006, p.2). By attacking the thyroid gland, the disease reduces the gland’s ability to produce thyroid hormones of substantial quantity. This condition leads to hypothyroidism. Thyroid hormone deficiency presents with ...

Just as a car engine requires tuning to achieve maximum efficiency, the human body also requires physical fitness to perform to its full potential. Parizkova (2012) described physical activity as the capacity of the human body to function without undue instances of fatigue and getting tired. Before the industrialization age, physical fitness was a great aspect of human life, but this change as different inventions made things easier. The invention of the car and train reduce the amount of time people spent walking; therefore reduced physical activity (Parizkova, 2012). The increased number of technological developments in the twenty-first century ...

Clark

Clark, a junior in high school wants to gain some muscle mass before his last football season next year. He is not very knowledgeable about nutrition and mainly consumes processed foods. His diet consists of two to three meals a day and his training regimen is sporadic and inconsistent. He has three months to obtain the results that he wants. Clark’s basal metabolic rate (BMR) is 1874.1. Clark’s daily calorie requirement (DCR) is 3,538.5. Clarks target heart rate is 166. There are several things to keep in mind while working with Clark. First, Clark is not ...

Human digestive system is distinctively different from herbivores and carnivores. Herbivores normally have longer digestive system compared to human and herbivores have digestive anatomy and bacteria symbiosis that allow them to digest cellulose from plant materials. Cellulose digestion in herbivores is assisted by bacteria in the rumen (partitioned stomach) or in the cecum (hindgut fermentation) in the case of cows and horses respectively. Carnivores have shorter digestive system compared to human, as carnivore’s nutrition comes from meat that can readily be broken down by enzymes into protein and amino acids.

Human is categorized as omnivore, and human ...

- How would propylthiouracil affect metabolic rate in a normal rat? Explain why.

It would decrease metabolic rate since propylthiouracil decreases the production of thyroid hormone (“Propylthiouracil,” n.d.).

- Explain the action of insulin on body cells.

Insulin acts on the body cells by promoting absorption of glucose from the blood stream to the body cells. This is done when insulin attaches to the insulin receptors in cells triggering a response that increases the levels glucose transporters (GLUT4) (Cartailler, n.d.).

- If the body is not producing enough insulin what happens to levels of that substance (your answer to ...

Abstract

Statistics have confirmed that children with Down syndrome are at a higher risk of suffering from obesity. The understanding of some of the risk factors that can increase obese cases among Down syndrome children is therefore vital among primary caregivers. The adoption of an effective and early management and screening mechanisms addressing diabetes risk facts will be of critical importance in reducing excessive weight gain among children suffering from Down syndrome. The adoption of reliable and sustainable strategies will also be of essence in dealing with negative psychological and physiological outcomes associated with obese. Modern scientists and health care ...

Abstract

Obesity is a dreaded illness that affects not only adults but children as well. Long associated with adults, the number of children suffering from childhood obesity is also on the rise as families change their lifestyle and opt for processed and unhealthy foods. What makes it ironic is despite knowing how healthy foods and exercise can combat obesity, still, there are people who do not make changes on their lifestyle. Thus, in order to address the problems of obesity, educating schoolchildren, including their families and school personnel is important. In addition, applying food tax on items considered as unhealthy is ...

Medical experts claim that obesity-related deaths are preventable and curable. According to the Institute of Medicine, statistics show that "nearly 69% of adults in the United States and 32% of children are either overweight or obese" (Gaines, 2012, p. 178). The alarming truth coincides with the fact that cCurrently, only the state of Colorado has an "obesity rate of less than 20%, 12 states have an obesity rate greater than 30%, and 38 states have an obesity rate greater than 25%" (Gaines, 2012, p.178). Moreover, despite the country's push to decrease the obesity rate in each state to only ...