Essays on Basilica

Bergamo is one of the most historic cities in the Lombard region of Italy. The city has been undercapitalizing on the tourist industry, bringing in marginal revenues in part because of the relative location to Milan, a city larger and better suited to massive scale tourism. In fact, Bergamo is usually avoided by tourists, except for those taking guided tours, mainly because Milan has the main airport in the region and because it is believed that the city has little to offer, which simply is not true. Recently, the joint cooperation of Slovenia and Italy to expand upon the ...

http://www.euratlas.com/Atlas/northern_italy/ravenna_san_vitale.html San Vitale is an Early Byzantine centrally planned, octagonal church, used initially as a martyrium for the local martyr Vitalis. It is the most elaborate interlinking of the strands of politics, church, and art in Ravenna in Italy. Ravenna was the seat of Byzantine Italy until the 8th century. The basilica of San Vitale was built as part of the Justinian project to reform the Empire. Justinian’s major aim was the restoration of the former Empire. He inaugurated new programs in the fields of administration, army, justice, and architecture. His ambition was to fill the Empire with ...

The number of Roman Catholics in the United Stated has shown an enormous growth over the last two decades affecting the whole structure of the general population. For example, while they were concentrated in the Midwest and Northeast in the past, today they overpopulate the Southern and Western parts of the country. This reallocation is not typical only for the Catholics. It is a result of citizens’ internal migration and immigration. In her article Who Are U.S. Catholics? Numbers Show a Surprising Shift, written for National Geographic, Victoria Sgarro cites Marc Grey who is a Senior research Associate at ...

1. Name two powerful forces molding the development of Romanesque (and Gothic) art and architecture: a. Pilgrimage b. Monastic movement 2. Which cathedral was the starting point to the pilgrimage to Santiago, Spain?

Vezelay cathedral in France

3. What was at Santiago (or maybe who)?

The church in Santiago was believed to house the bones of St James

4. Why did people go on pilgrimages? Cite five reasons. a. to plead for divine help b. to ask for the cure revealed c. to give thanks for favors given d. to ask to forgive their sins e. for the salvation of their souls 5. Whose relics were at Vezelay?

The relics of Mary Magdalene

6. What 3 objects or garments marked ...

Borngasser, B., 2003. The Architecture of the Baroque. In: R. Toman, ed. 2003. Baroque and Rococo: architecture, painting, sculpture. Berlin: Feierabend.

Burroughs, C., 1998. Grammar and expression in early Renaissance architecture: Brunelleschi and Alberti. RES: Antropology and Aesthetics, 34, pp. 39-63.

A well known architectural historian, Burroughs, examines in his article two greats of early Renaissance architecture. Both Brunelleschi and Alberti greatly influenced architects of the following generations and they are still considered two of the most important people in the field of all time. The author examines not only their careers, but also their writings, works, ...

The Middle Ages were the period of European history dating from the fall of the Holy Roman Empire in 476A.D. up to 1453 and started when the Ottoman Turks of the Middle East captured Constantinople. The Catholic Church grew more powerful and influential during that time. Governed by bishops and archbishops under the papal authority from Rome, the church became more dominant in the medieval society. Nuns and monks lived together in a house called monastery, devoting their lives in the service of God. In this period of turmoil and instability, many people turn to God in order to survive. ...

of the most important building of the particular styles:

Early Christian, Byzantine, Islamic, Gothic

Each period of history has its own particular, specific art style, which contains its own significant masterpieces. It doesn’t matter what kind of art is it: painting, sculpture, architecture, etc. For example, for the Early Christian Era, such masterpieces are: The Basilica at Trier in architecture and Jesus healing the bleeding woman, depicted in the Catacombs of Rome. Talking about Byzantine period, it is important to mention such works as: the Church of Holy Wisdom or Hagia Sophia in the architecture and the most famous mosaic of this church ...

Introduction Begun with the cathedral complex at Pisa and expanded upon in the Basilica of San Marco in Venice, Italian architects of the 11th century were not only able to glorify their own Christian God and saints, but also asserted their dominance over eastern ‘heretics’ through the adaptation and outright theft of eastern architectural influences. These influences can be seen in everything from the bulbous form of the domes to the minor adornments of the cathedrals. The earliest Italian architects were priest and monks who used skilled craftsmen to carry out their ideas of communal Christian living. Italian buildings ...

Intercultural Communication

Before the arrival of the Portuguese in the year 1500, Amerindian people stayed in Brazil who spoke different languages. There were around six million Indians in Brazil who spoke 1,000 different languages. After arriving the Portuguese settlers encountered the Tupi people, who then controlled most of the Brazilian coast and used to speak a set of closely related languages. The Portuguese were called "Tapuias", by the Tupi people. In the first two centuries of colonization, a language known as ‘Línguageral’ was widely spoken by all, from Amerindians, Portuguese to the African and their descendants, and a vast area from Sao ...

Imperial Rome, assimilated in Western Civilization

Often times we think of Rome as part of the old world. Rome currently pictured by the young students being symbolized by gladiators and conqueror of many countries ranging from Rome to the Mediterranean. Movies like Gladiators, Pompeii and other religious films stirred the minds of its audience showing how powerful, grand and pompous was the Imperial Rome also known as the “Essential City”. Has it occurred to you that the “Imperial Rome” is evident in your society? Did you care to think how modern subdivisions and cities came about its structure and city planning? Can you say ...

Renaissance and Baroque – are two remarkable styles in architecture, which are bounded inextricably. For better understanding these two styles, their derivation and connection it is worth to begin with the first of them – Renaissance. The beginning of Renaissance started in 15th century. There is a version of the derivation of Renaissance in Italy. It was a contest on the best bronze relief for Baptistery in Florence in 1401. Two failed participants - Filippo Brunelleschi and Donatello considered the results of the contest unjust and left for Rome to explore the ancient ruins of the city. Their aim was to find ...

Introduction

The notoriety of Roman Catholicism across Europe figured prominently throughout history - best manifested by the rise of the papacy, headed by the pope and traditionally based in Rome, Italy. The papacy, which stood as the main governing body of Roman Catholicism, has since become embroiled in key political issues throughout its leadership. Despite its limited role in recent times, the papacy was once a center of political authority in Europe, with its influence greatly sought by European powers beginning from the time of Roman Emperor Constantine I up to the Reformation. This study seeks to outline how the papacy ...

The question of whether or not religion and politics need to interact has been remaining debatable arguably since both were invented. Many a time has history known religion interfere into secular political affair, leading to controversial decisions as well as bloody quests of faith and unjustified use of violence that it implied. Times have changed and now after their pleading guilty to some unfair religious practices, such as the Catholic Holy Inquisition, to put a simple example, religious groups are campaigning against human rights abuse and want equal participation in debatable questions granted by political elite. However, the question now becomes: ...

INTRODUCTION

When Pope John Paul XXIII proclaimed there would be a Vatican Council in January of 1959, he set the world on its heels. John Paul had only been elected three months prior to his announcement and there had not been a council of this nature in nearly a century. Its purpose was for the Church to possibly embrace a path that much was much more in keeping with modern day society rather than relying on the previous trail of a literal interpretation of the Bible. Held in St. Peter’s Basilica on October 11, 1962, the conclave hosted up to 2,500 bishops, ...

Introduction

The Saint Sernin structure is of historic context in that it is of an ancient foundation. The structure this architect holds historic account of Saint Sernin, the Toulouse first bishop who was martyred in 250 C.E. The structure is also historic on the basis that it is one of the exhibits of the pilgrimage. Being the artistic work that exists as a representation of the various significant historic occurrences then it is historically important as it depicts the religious historic context of the people of Toulouse, France (Radding 8). The structure is historically document to have been constructed as ...

Introduction

- Built between 532 and 537 AD - Include prior uses of the site - Use as an Orthodox patriarchal basilica - Design/function: who was responsible for patronage, etc

- Discuss original basilica design - Function of the different parts of the space as a basilica - Changes made when the Ottoman Empire took over Turkey; what changes were made to the space, what form changes/function changes took place - Differences between prayer/devotion in the Christian space versus the Islamic space and how the changes made to the design of the building were important

Iconography/Iconology

...

Facts and History

The Hagia Sophia is a structure in Istanbul, Turkey. The current rendition of the structure was built between 532 and 537 AD, although the site existed as a cathedral for some time before the current structure was erected. Historical records indicate that the structure was commissioned by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian, who wanted the site to be home to an Orthodox patriarchal basilica. When the previous cathedral was destroyed by rioters, Justinian employed a physicist and a mathematician-- Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles, respectively-- to design the Hagia Sophia. Initially designed as an Orthodox patriarchal basilica, the basilica was initially ...

The Renaissance produced a wide range of influential artists, many of whom are lauded as the most talented artists of all time. However, the long-lasting influence of the Renaissance lies in the successors of the most famous Renaissance artists, such as Bernini. Bernini came into his own during the ending years of the Renaissance, and his new sculptural and architectural techniques helped to usher in the Baroque era of art and architecture. Bernini was an Italian, and was fortunate enough to be born into an era in which his skill as an artist and architect was both encouraged and supported ...

Assignment 2. The building of the mosque or cathedral of Cordoba was initiated around 600-601 and was initially planned as Christian church of Visigoth kingdom, which ruled of the territory of contemporary Spain. Although it was meant to be Christian church, due to the Islamic conquest of 8th century and eventually subordination of Visigoth kingdom to Arab prince Abd al-Rahman, the building was divided between Christian and Muslim followers and was used by followers of both religions. In the next few centuries, the building was rebuilt and expanded in order to correspond to traditional requirements of a mosque. Today, it ...

Introduction

Christianity has several denominations but in order to understand it well I would like to focus on the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church is one or if not the oldest denominations of Christianity and also the most popular denomination. Due to its long historical background on Christianity it is an appropriate case study.so I visited St.Peters basilica church at around may this year and it was summer in the place with a friend of mine.at our time of visit the congregation was composed of generally everybody from the youth to the elderly.so we came across one of the altar boys ...

Last month, I visited Rome with my family and evidenced the glorious and sumptuousness of this place. My tourist guide informed me a lot about the city and its history. Rome has a history of more than two and half centuries and has enjoyed the status of the center of one of the greatest civilizations of the world. I visited the Colosseum that used to be an amphitheatre in the ancient times. I was informed that it was used for a number of different purposes including executions, public speeches, and for several entertainment purposes. It used to host gladiator contests which were ...

Abstract

The essay examines the importance of the architecture of Bramante and evaluates how his architecture represents the attitudes and aesthetics of the High Renaissance. The essay first discusses Bramante’s developing style, through a discussion of the Tempietto and then moves on to discuss his work on the Constantine Basilica in St. Peters. The essay then discusses how his architecture represents the attitudes and aesthetics of the High Renaissance, referring to the work of Vasari, finding that Bramante was the father of the High Renaissance movement in architecture.

Introduction

This essay examines the importance of the architecture of Bramante and evaluates ...

According to Hartt and Wilkins (2010), the name Giotto di Bondone became synonymous to the Early Renaissance period. Most of the details of Giotto’s birth and death is speculated by experts due to the lack of public records and statements about the artist. In some recounts, the Italian artist is said to be from Colle di Romagnano in the northern region of Florence. Records in 1267 noted that his father is called “Bondone”, a man with high standing in Florence. While records have no clear idea as to where Giotto was born, a hamlet in the northern region of Florence ...

The Byzantine and Islamic Empires are closely linked together, sharing similar influences in terms of technological advancements, their political systems, and their culture.

The Byzantine and Islamic Empires

Byzantium’s capital, Constantinople, was the empire’s core. It is where the trading takes place and it played a vital role during the Golden Ages of the empire during the 9th , 10th, and 11th centuries before the capital fell from the hands of Mohammed II, the Ottoman Turkish Sultan. During its Golden Ages under the rule of Justinian, Baths, churches and water supplies were built and city planning and social services were also established. Until now, ...

The culmination of artistic explorations and developments known as the High Renaissance began with the works of Leonardo in 1480´s and ended in 1527 with the sack of Rome. High Renaissance represents a wide range of outstanding talents who worked in the same area and the same period of time, they did not follow strict rules of antiquity anymore. The main ideals of classical humanism were already successfully put into effect in painting and sculpture, now the artists had the tools, technology, ideas and belief in their own powers and abilities to go their own way. The smaller parts ...