Essays on Behavior Analysis

Behavioral interventions can be grouped as either antecedent-based interventions (ABI) or consequence-based interventions (CBI). CBI is a group of practices in which the problem behaviors are addressed by manipulating the reinforcement or punishment stimuli following an observed behavior, whereas ABI refers to a group of behavioral interventions that are concerned with the modification of environmental factors that are believed to precede problem behaviors (Tullis, Cannella-Malone, & Payne, 2015). Therefore, ABI strategies are implemented before the problem behavior occurs, so their unique quality is the possibility of problem behavior prevention, which makes the behavioral change easier to maintain compared to results ...

Intrusion Detection Systems

Different techniques abound for monitoring computer networks especially within the context of providing security for the network. Intrusion detection is one of such techniques used for security management of computers by analyzing and gathering information from the different areas of a computer network with the aim of identifying possible breaches in the security of the network (Allen et al., 2000). A system put in place to implement any of these techniques is referred to as an intrusion detection system. For the computer network of an organization, the source of breaches to the network can be from within the organization ...

Identification of the Article and Its Methodology

The article upon which this paper is based is the Responses to bullying and use of social support among pupils with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in mainstream schools: a qualitative study which is authored by Neil Humphrey and Wendy Symes. The article was published in the 10th Volume, number 2 of the Journal of Research in Special Education Needs in 2010. The article is based increased mainstreaming of children who are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. While the authors laud the efforts towards mainstreaming, they still recognize the insurmountable challenges and barriers that may serve as impediments to children ...

One of the keys to classroom management is proper organization of the lesson, including a plan that maximizes the use of instructional time. The more free time students have, the more opportunities that they have to cause mischief. However, another important principle in behavior management is that it is crucial to know what the “true function of the behavior is” (ABA Supplemental Readings, p. 7). Until a teacher knows why the behavior is taking place and formulates a proper rationale, the off-task behavior will continue to derail instruction. That means that new hypotheses need “to be formulated using data ...

Definition of a Controversial Punishment

The use of aromatic ammonia is one of the controversial punishment procedures that have been used to deal with aversive behaviors. This controversial treatment procedure was administered by a change agent when it was indicated, usually whenever the aversive behavior was noted by the change agent. The procedure involved opening a capsule containing the aromatic ammonia. The capsule was then waved under the nose of the individual with the problem behavior (Miltenberger, 2011). The rationale for the use of this controversial punishment procedure is that the individual with the problem behavior would learn to associate the pungent choking smell ...

SOCIAL INTERVENTION.

Introduction. Social work is a discipline or a profession that is practiced by qualified sociologists. It involves seeking to facilitate the wellbeing of individuals, communities or even societies (Siporin, 1975). Social work enhances social change, cohesion, empowerment, and development. Social work is interconnected with social justice, Human rights, and respect for diversities. It involves the provision of social welfare in order to alleviate the economic and social problems that people face. Such difficulties include health care, education, and food security (Sach, 2003). A sociologist connects people and structures so as to tackle the challenges of life and promote the ...

Campus Violence and Policies of Primary and Secondary Schools in Michigan

It is pertinent to note that violence has evolved from just targeting students. It could sometimes involve school staff and even the school administration. The issue of violence and disciplines are often addressed as a unit, but there should be different ways of dealing with both cases because more often than not, violence often overtakes disciplines issues and needs further investigations and probing (School Safety and Violence, 2016). Acts of violence are often common, and they could occur repeatedly. Despite the severity of violence, school administrators often ignore them, in some cases, it often goes unreported, hence, increasing the ...

Over the past one decade, various developments have resulted in the effort to gain a clear insight into the extent and nature of drug use that has threatened the life of teenagers. The information collected in this study links the drug use problem incorporation to a negligent society. The health care providers and human support comprehensively have investigated the drug use prevalence issue in the young adults in ensuring development of policies and interventions that will lead to addressing this problem among this vulnerable group.

Although various studies are on the issue of teenage drug use, there has been insufficient information ...

Eddison electronic company is firm that engages in manufacturing and selling of electronic products. Based on the journal entries posted in 2005 financial year, it is evident that the firm has been in operation in yesteryears. The assertion is confirmed by the postings of raw materials, work in progress and finished goods inventory in the month of January. Like in most companies, Eddisson creates an allowance opportunity for customers to purchase items for cash or credit basis. In particular, the firm’s journal entry indicates that the sales department recorded $29440 and $28460 worth of electronic goods sold on ...

Hand washing is a skill. More precisely, effective hand washing is a skill. It can be taught and learned. Effective hand washing can be evaluated and analyzed because it is a skill with well-defined steps of execution. This paper presents an analysis of hand washing as skills. It features the steps involved in hand washing, measurable dimensions of behaviors in hand washing, sampling techniques in the analysis of hand washing, observation schedules, and the methods of presenting data among other dimensions of hand washing.

Hand washing is comprised of various behaviors. The following is an outline of the behaviors that comprise hand ...

Introduction:

The aim of this case study is to undertake a thorough applied behavioral analysis of the client named Ellie Phan who is a female with Autism disorder. It is evident that with the passage of time, children tend to develop certain qualities and manners in which they can communicate within the society. In order to conduct an effective communication, gestures and non-verbal elements are taken into consideration that has been a critical aspect in the communication pattern of Ellie. It is merely because adolescence with autism tends to develop differently from other children. Theories will also be applied on the case of ...

Preference Assessments in Applied Behavior Analysis

This assignment is being submitted on June 17, 2015 The Origins, Evolution, and Future of Preference Assessments in Applied Behavior Analysis Article objective and analysis: The article thesis is centered on preference assessment of individuals with severe and profound cerebral disabilities, those who are the least-functioning fragment of the total population suffering from mental retardation and intellectual disability (Hamilton, 2012). This segment of mentally retarded is characteristically diagnosed with major or total inability to efficiently converse, consequently they are unable to articulate their preference to the respective caretakers (Hamilton, 2012). Hence the article compares earlier research ...

Introduction

Human behavior can sometimes be understood from varied perspectives. 12 Angry Men and The Invisible War are films that provide a broad converse over which a number of social issues can be understood. Social life in every society comes with its own challenges with respect to the manner in which norms and regulations are established. Both of the movies have a basis from different set ups; hence, their understanding can only be understood from the context where they are set up. Although the films are drawn from different set ups, aspects of human behavior analysis can still be ensured. The film, ...

Understanding How they Include Consumer Behavior Issues in their

Management and Marketing Mix Operations Introduction Trendy, hip and classy; all these three specifically different descriptions of what fashion-bags are all about could describe the very products offered by the Bag Borrow or Steal online company. The organization offers a unique concept for those who want to engage with their business. One is through actually buying the product they offer, another is through the rent program and the last option is to actually resell the bags to another market likely making an alliance with the company through retail agreement. These options are specifically created by the company to ...

PROFESSORINSTITUTION

Operant Conditioning 2 Introduction Operant conditioning is a type of learning where a subject’s behavior is modified through antecedents and consequences. The concept was first discovered by Ivan Pavlov who was studying the digestive system of dogs. The theory of behaviorism was introduced by John B. Watson. Later, B.F. Skinner helped define the mechanics of behaviorism through his work. Over the years behaviorism has grown in popularity and scope. Research has shaped the practice of behaviorism as it has been adapted by many disciplines (education, psychology). The most popular use of Behavioral Therapy today is found in treating ...

In the following essay, we shall discuss a neurodevelopmental disorder and a neurocognitive disorder. Neurodevelopmental disorders like Autism Spectrum disorders constitute a wide variety of diseases that mainly translate into behavioral deficit in children affected by it. Autistic children often show reduced social skills and being a heterogeneous spectrum no two patients are exactly similar. Neurocognitive disorders can range from mild to extreme and can be caused by various other diseases. HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorder or HAND has emerged as one of the most prominent neurodegenerative disorders in the recent past(Mayer, 2013).

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder; recent estimates of autism spectrum disorder ...

Abstract

Shaping is the process used to develop a terminal behaviour through reinforcing its successive approximations systematically and differentially. Successive approximations refer to the building blocks of the eventual behaviour. Shaping is applied in various contexts that can range from using shaping to teach children how to use contact lenses, how behaviour analysis can influence people with intellectual disabilities. Also, it used to study the performance track of athletes, and how to eliminate autism in children. Moreover, shaping is also applicable in helping people quit smoking and teach self-initiated toileting among children. The authors provide various agreements to advance their research, ...

Extinction is the phenomenon when a behavior, that was previously observed, disappears from a person when it is not reinforced (Miltenberger, 2012). When extinction is performed constantly over a long period of time, the undesired behavior gradually disappears, in the longer run. However, in the short term, the subject of extinction is likely demonstrates extinction burst. This burst more frequently occurs when the extinction has just started. The burst is commonly a phenomenal increase in the observed undesired behavior. This increase is temporary and does not last for a long time. Extinction is observed in both conditions: operant and classic. In operant conditioning, ...

(Professor Name)

Portfolio Management Concepts The concept of portfolio management is a lucrative sword as not only it offers not only returns but the investor also have to face risk associated with it. If the Investor is willing to earn higher return he has to associate higher return with higher risk. For an investor to diversify away the risk he can follow diversification rule. Under diversification, investor can include the assets which are not correlated to each other and thus by including these asset classes he can diversify away the risk. However, in terms of the risk there are ...

Autism refers to a spectrum disorder that usually affects that communication and social skills. This condition is usually detected during the first three years of the life of a child. Some of the most common characteristics of autism include repetition of words, tantrums, apparent lack of or oversensitivity to pain, absence of real fears to dangers, high sensitivity to sound, and crying, laughing, or showing distress for no apparent reason. However, it should be noted that the effects of autism are not similar in every child and the condition can affect anyone. However, it is important to note that autistic conditions ...

Introduction

When a child is unable to express himself, his emotions, what he thinks, feels or wants and reacts differently from other children, perhaps he is suffering from a neurodevelopment disorder that is commonly known as autism. This paper intends to discuss autism, its causes, symptoms, and about its treatment along with discussing several other related aspects of the subject.

Background

Autism is a bunch of complex brain disorders that are jointly known as Autism Spectrum Disorder. This Spectrum refers to broad range of issues associated with ASD including difficulties related to communication, normal brain functioning, social mutilation, restricted, dull and stereotyped conduct of a ...

Abstract

Operant conditioning refers to the process of behavior learning in which an individual receives external stimuli that can affect learning outcomes. The term was first used by Skinner, even though Watson and Thorndike already understood the procedures of operant conditioning, with the exception of continuous stimuli that were first applied by Skinner. The five procedures that explain the types of stimuli that can affect human behavior include positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, negative punishment, and extinction. In practice, operant conditioning is used to teach behavior to children, modify behavior in psychotherapy patients, and eliminate old or introduce new ...

Introduction

Walden Two is a bizarre utopian novel written by Burrhus Frederick Skinner a behavioral specialist in 1945 during World War II. It was first published in 1948 a time when Skinner had thought deeply of the current events taking place in his society and in the world at large. Though quite seriously intended, Walden Two comes across as an unplanned travesty of social engineering. It basically describes a community in which one thousand people live in plenty and harmony through the purposeful practice of behavioral engineering. Critically, the book makes a leap off from studies and analysis in the library to a vast social setting ...

Ethics

The article of Dawson (2004) discussed the ethical issue of the entitlement of autistics to human rights just like normal people. Under the Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) which provides a treatment for children with autism, the skills training of the children should start at a young age to familiarize themselves to develop skills in the natural setting. Although these children appear to be different from the rest of the children, they are still entitled to human rights since they need special care and attention from their parents and other family members. The report of Dawson (2004) presented a litany of mistake and ...

The study of Applied Behavior Analysis Program is of immense benefit to my studies. In my studies, in the University of Maryland, I have encountered several cases of autism. This requires a solid understanding of behavior analysis. While I was growing up, I had an encounter with many students who have challenges of autism. With this knowledge and background, I became interested in learning how to treat these cases. I started being interested in learning the human behavior. I have researched and seen how many researchers have studied this problem. I understand that there is a lot of suffering in the ...

1.0 Pivotal response therapy (PRT) Pivotal response therapy/treatment/training is one of the early behavioral intervention techniques developed for management of autism. This techniques is built on the premise that autism interferes with “pivotal behaviors” that ultimately underlie other behaviors are deficient in autistic children. The pivotal behaviors/areas are initiating activities, motivation, self-management, feelings and responding to multiple/complicated cues (signals). PRT therefore aims at increasing pivotal behaviors, particularly motivation, which would in turn enhance generalization. The autistic child chooses the activity and is rewarded (positive reinforcement) for every correct responses or attempt. As such, PRT trains the child to ...

The use of punishment in the modification of behavior has been used for a long time. However, it has attracted different views with some people being against the use of punishment especially in the management of self-injurious behavior due to the severe injuries associated with the practice. This essay will discuss the use of self-injurious behavior inhibiting system in the management of self-injurious behavior and the ethical issues surrounding the process.

Introduction

Punishment is defined as a change in the environmental change depending on behavior, which results to a reduction in responding over time (Lerman & Vorndran, 2002). Other ways of reducing the response ...

The two basic models for parole administration are the consolidated model and the independent model.

Pros of the Consolidated Model of Administering Parole Consolidated Model is considered as a program that is community-based hence its administration can be done in a single centralized location. Consolidated Model of parole administration is a better model for the board of parole that is ineffective when it comes to performing administrative functions. Consolidated Model helps in promoting consistent administration in the consolidated correction department that will render a better results offered by the services of community staffs. Optimal effectiveness and efficiency of all staffs can be achieved by using a single administration that are in charge of correctional process ...

Autism is a complicated development disability that belongs to a group of developmental disabilities known as autism spectrum disorders. It involves delays in development of very crucial skills such as ability to converse effectively, ability to socialize and to form relationships. This condition presents itself within the first three years of a person’s life and children with this condition may also have behavioral challenges and intellectual impairments. The fact that this disorder affects each child differently forms the basis of its naming. It is believed that the condition is due to neurological disorder that affects a person’s communication development and ...

Autism can be defined as part of a group of severe developmental problems known as Autism spectrum disorder which usually materialize in early childhood mostly before the child is three years old. Even though the symptoms and the rigorousness differ, all the autism spectrum disorders impinge on the child’s aptitude to communicate and relate with other people. There is an increase in the number of children diagnosed with autism; however, it is not clear whether this is due to improved detection and reporting of autism or a factual increase in the number of cases. Though there is no known cure ...

Autism can be defined as part of a group of severe developmental problems known as Autism spectrum disorder which usually materialize in early childhood mostly before the child is three years old. Even though the symptoms and the rigorousness differ, all the autism spectrum disorders impinge on the child’s aptitude to communicate and relate with other people. There is an increase in the number of children diagnosed with autism; however, it is not clear whether this is due to improved detection and reporting of autism or a factual increase in the number of cases. Though there is no known cure ...

This outlines the sales strategy for a Caterpillar Diesel Generator 4.4MW 2009 QX4400 to be sold to Del Monte Inc. Over the last 5 years, I have been involved in procuring Diesel generators to major companies and this was the major reason that led me to be included in the sales process. Efforts to procure a Diesel generator for the company have been futile despite involving experienced sales representatives and key management officials. In this report, theoretical approaches proposed by Derek Gatehouse are used to outline the sales process and other strategic sales tools as employed in the sales process. The ...

Human behavior, specifically the internal behavior, is probably one of the most complex phenomenons to explain. Various theories have been developed in an attempt to understand and explain human behavior, and Skinner’s behavioral theory is one of them. Burrhus Frederic Skinner, a behavioral psychologist born and raised in Pennsylvania, is considered the father of radical behaviorism. In his quest to explain human behavior, he invented the famous, or rather infamous, Skinner box which he used for the experiments. With animals (such as rats or pigeons) as the specimen, Skinner directly transferred his findings to human beings, without the slightest ...

Autism is a behavioral disorder that affects social and communication skills of a child severely and also affects his behavior to a large extent. Experts of the area under discussion recognize autism as a condition of neural development disorder in which the system of information processing in a child’s brain is affected and he faces several behavioral disorders. Spectrum disorder is another name, used for Autism and this name has is used because symptoms of this disorder are found in a large numbers.

Studies Focus on Backward and Forward Chaining Process:

Wolery and Gast conducted a study to understand the effective process to transfer stimulus control. Authors studied about teaching autistic children and ...

Introduction

Autism is a childhood developmental disorder that affects the brain’s normal development of communication and social skills. It is a physical condition that appears in the first three years of life and is linked with abnormal biochemistry in the brain. The causes of autism are not ascertained but autism is largely attributed to genetic predisposition and the environment. A plethora of research studies have also suspected other causative factors like mercury poisoning, diet and vaccine sensitivity among others but these factors are yet to be proven (Pubmed, 2010). Autism has a variety of symptoms depending on the level of infection ...