Essays on Benedicto

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Introduction. Interpreting financial statements (FS) requires a thorough understanding of basic principles of accounting and reporting. This paper discusses such concepts as accounting equation and basic formats of FS, role of international financial reporting standards (IFRS), US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (US GAAP) and The U.S.Securities and Exchange Comission (SEC) in the reporting process. Principal financial concepts. US GAAP are a set of accounting standards used by US companies for financial reporting. They are introduced by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) in compliance with SEC regulations and FASB mission of setting and improving principles of accounting and reporting which ...

Direct versus Indirect Methods of Preparing a Statement of Cash Flow

There is a difference between the direct and indirect methods of preparing a statement of cash flow. In the direct method of preparing a statement of cash flow, the cash flows are listed in the operations part of a cash flow statement. The cash flows that result from operations is in the form of cash paid to suppliers, customer collections, and the money paid to employees among others. In this section, the cash that is paid for interest and income tax is also reported. The direct method of preparing cash flow statements is problematic for many companies. The problems that arises when the ...

GAAP and IFRS have some inherent differences in their approach towards valuation. One of the differences is seen in the valuation of intangible assets (Porter & Norton, 2011). Under the GAAP, intangible assets are valued at fair value. Unlike the GAAP, the IFRS recognizes the assets which will have future economic benefits as well as measured reliability. The other difference is seen in the valuation of inventory costs (Porter & Norton, 2011). The IFRS does not allow the Last-in, First-out (LIFO) approach towards the account of the costs associated with inventory. The GAAP allows the use of the First-in, First-out (FIFO) ...

A cash flow statement can be prepared in two distinct methods namely direct and indirect. The direct method records of all transactions and make a direct entry into the cash flow statement. This would include the amount of cash that received from the customers or paid to the suppliers. It ends up with a reconciliation of the total net income to the cash incur due to the operating activities. For example, an entity agglomerates the entire sales receipts subtracting or deducting the cash payments that took place for items such as inventory and the salaries. The indirect method involves recording of ...

The concept of corruption and its elimination has long been a problem for the Philippines since the country proclaimed its independence in 1898. Every administration had claims of corruption activities, enveloping the country in massive debt still paid today. While former and present administrations have denied corruption claims in their tenure, one administration had faced charged both locally and internationally due to evidences showcasing Philippine budget invested in clothing, jewellery, and eventually, the beginnings of a dictatorship. The Marcos’ 21 year regime in the Philippines cited the highest cases of corruption by a public official as he embezzled money from the public ...