Essays on Blood Transfusion

Overview: Overview: Antigen-antibody reactions are commonly used in immunological assays. In a traditional agglutination assay, the end product is a visible antibody-antigen complex that settles as visible particulate matter in the solution. In other cases, the reaction is invisible and wants the use of a specific enzyme or isotopic probes that can amplify the signal created by the antigen-antibody reaction, so that they can be detected with the naked eye or an ELISA/RIA reader1. Hemagglutination is a visible antigen -antibody assay in which soluble antibodies react with antigen on the surface of (red blood cell) RBC to form a ...

Mark’s case is one among the many that healthcare providers face on numerous occasions. In this case, Mark presents at the clinic or within the ER having sustained serious injuries following a car accident. He is assessed to have significant internal bleeding and therefore in need of immediate blood transfusion to arrest the progression of the situation to a severity point. The doctor determined that three units of blood would be necessary for Mark’s situation and therefore placed the order for an immediate transfusion. At the time the transfusion was to occur, Mark was still conscious and ...

Q1. Prevention of Errors and Patient Management

Blood products are considered medications and thus should require the same level of precautionary measures as when a nurse administers a drug to a patient. Errors in blood product administration can be prevented by learning and adhering to applicable guidelines. According to the Australian and New Zealand Society of Blood Transfusion (ANZSBT, 2011), a checking procedure should be undertaken for blood products prior to transfusion. The nurse must check that the blood group as indicated on the product is compatible with the patient’s blood group as indicated on the laboratory compatibility label (ANZSBT, 2011). In case there are ...

Definition:

Ebola virus, well known for its hemorrhagic effects produced inside as well as outside of body. This virus progresses with bleeding, which leads to organ failure and if not treated properly can also cause death. ("Ebola virus and Marburg virus - Mayo Clinic", 2016). Ebola is also termed as Ebola Hemorrhagic fever because of its hemorrhagic property and it is also known to cause the death of 90% effected people ("Ebola Virus: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention", 2016). There are 5 strains of this virus and four of them are known to cause deadly symptoms like hemorrhage. Ebola have its ...

Patient Blood Management (PBM) refers to an evidence-based and multidisciplinary approach of adjusting and optimizing the type of care that patients receive, especially those who might need a certain type of blood transfusion. There are numerous types of blood transfusion procedures that can be done today; and there are many medical conditions that may require one to be executed. Each condition and blood transfusion process has its own set of indications and contraindications (plus precautions) and this is what highlights the need for a standardized and high quality PBM approach. Previously discussed topics such as cross-matching, electronic release, and ...

Introduction and Overview

The Rhesus factor (Rh) refers to the red blood cell’s(RBC) surface antigen;the name Rhesus comes from the small Indian monkeys in which it was first discovered. Rh incompatibility,sometimes referred to as Rh disease, is a condition that occurs when a woman with the Rh-negative blood type is exposed to Rh- positive blood cells, leading to the development of Rh antibodies. This condition can have fatal outcomes including haemolytic disease of the foetus or newborn, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and haemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs). These conditions have, in the past, raised a lot of concerns, and some ...

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Introduction

In 1818 Dr. James Blundell made a successful attempt to transfer blood from a human source to another human being using an instrument he personally developed to save another person’s life . Following Dr. Blundell’s successful medical procedure, there had been numerous study initiated to improve the process and quality of blood transfusion. Nevertheless, this procedure cannot be initiated unless there is an available source of blood that can be transferred to a patient. Relatives were among the very first subjects tested for blood matching in the event that a patient needs the procedure. However, in ...

Introduction

HIV is one of the most deadly viruses affecting the human immune system. Scientists across the globe work day and night to search for the cure of the HIV bit to date no solution has ever worked. Despite there no cure for HIV, scientists have developed various treatments to assist the victim live longer and fight opportunistic infections. The paper discusses the case of a young female who had other symptoms diagnosed with HIV.

Common modes of HIV transmission in the developed countries and the populations at a greater risk of acquiring HIV

The HIV infection is transmitted through open cuts and breaks in the skin. It is also transmitted through mucous membranes, such as the ones inside ...