Essays on Breast Cancer

Human sexuality can be considered as a controversial issue in today’s society. The emergence of the different concepts of gender and sexuality have solicited different perspective and points of view regarding the issue. However, one of the most technical, yet also practical way of approaching this topic, is through th application of evidences provided by science. 1.3 Self-Test 1. Two of the most well-known scientists when it comes to the study of sexuality are Havelock Ellis and Alfred Kinsey. The most notable contribution of Ellis in this field of study, is his thorough work on the Modern Sexual ...

A diet high in fiber is associated with a lower level of estrogen in the bloodstream (Gaskins et al., 2009). Estrogen will break down into estradiol in the body, and a high-fiber diet will reduce the levels of serum estrone and estradiol in the blood (“Nutrition and Breast Cancer,” 2015). An increase of estrogen that is eliminated from the body in the stool is also related to a diet high in fiber (“Nutrition and Breast Cancer,” 2015; Gaskins et al., 2009). Fiber is known to bind to bile acids, toxic compounds, and carcinogens. The whole grains that are high ...

Questions and Answers

What term is used to describe the benign condition that may have caused the mass ? The term used to describe benign condition that might have caused the lump in this patient is called Benign Breast Disease, of BBD. This is an umbrella term that can be use to describe a wide “spectrum of noncancerous changes in the breast” (McCance & Huether, 2014). The current patient does not have any fluid, or expression from the nipple, does not report pain or itching, and has no family history, so cancer is less likely the cause. As such, it would be considered ...

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Immunotherapy in Treating Human Cancer

The immune system of our body is a complex network of tissues, cells, and organs that act mutually to protect our body from unknown foreign trespassers. It recognizes the harmful particles entering the body and facilitates the destruction of those particles in order to shield the body system from any ailment. Due to any complexity or disturbance often the immune system targets the wrong particle considering it as a dangerous particle and this anomaly of the immune system may result in various autoimmune diseases like arthritis, allergies, malignancies, and AIDS (Understanding the ...

Clinton County is rightly within the borders of Pennsylvania in the United States of America as one of the counties whose statistical data is relevant during the census. The county has an estimated population of about 39,441 people. The inhabitants are diverse as they majorly consist of a number of different races and cultures from across the globe. However, the whites dominate the bigger portion of the population while the other races such as the African American and the Asians accounting for a very small number. The Clinton county community is hardworking, self-motivating, and majorly represented in various ...

Assignment 3

Assignment 3

QUESTION 1 (1 point)

a) Statistical combination of the results of two or more studies

QUESTION 2 (1 point)

Figure 2 of the Jordan et al., meta-analysis depicts a forest plot illustrating the estimates of the association between hysterectomy and ovarian cancer. How many of the individual studies (in figure 2) reported statistically significant reductions in the risk of ovarian cancer in women with hysterectomy, compared to women without hysterectomy? Ans) There were 20 individual studies that reported statistically significant reductions in the risk of ovarian cancer in women with hysterectomy, compared to women without hysterectomy.

QUESTION 3 (1 point)

How would you interpret the overall summary estimate (relative ...

Article Review: “Attitudes and Health Beliefs Associated With Breast Cancer Screening Behaviors Among Turkish Women”

The title ‘Attitudes and health beliefs associated with breast cancer screening behaviors among Turkish women’ seems fit for the article because it clearly and concisely indicates the key element of the study. From the title, a reader can understand that this article will explore the health norms and attitudes of Turkish women about breast cancer screening approaches. However, the title does not include the population sample considered for the study. Actually, the population sample was comprised of 1,342 Turkish women but it was not mentioned in the title. In total, the title is sufficient enough to give readers ...

Article Review

Introduction Digital Mammography is one of the most innovative, remarkable and feasible methods for both diagnosis and evaluation of breast carcinoma. Based on a current research by the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP), the shift from conventional film based mammography to digital mammography has been associated with more life years gained (LYG) than film mammography (Van Ravesteyn, et al. 2015). In the current article, Bassett, Hoyt, & Oshiro (2010), have assessed and reviewed the quality evaluation criteria and process for digital mammography (DM). The key objective of Bassett, Hoyt, & Oshiro (2010), was to recognize potential quality ...

Disease pathophysiology

Definition of breast cancer Breast cancer is a malignant growth of cells in the breast. This type of cancer arises in the milk-producing glands when cells begin to divide in an uncontrolled way, forming a tumor. The most common neoplasm in breast cancer is the adenocarcinoma of the cells covering the terminal lobular unit (American Cancer Society, 2016; Stephan, 2016).

Prevalence of breast cancer

Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer to affect women in North America, with more than 200,000 new cases each year, and worldwide, counting up more than 1,200,000. It is the second cause of cancer ...

Abstract

Paget's disease of the breast is an uncommon kind of cancer of the nipple–areola complex and that is time and again connected to a fundamental in situ or persistent carcinoma. We provide an overview and evaluate the key clinicopathological and healing aspects of mammary Paget's disease. Patients suffering from the Paget disease frequently present with a constant, eczematous skin complaint on the nipple and adjoining areolar skin. Paget's disease of the breast has been acknowledged as a separate clinical unit for over one hundred and twenty years. Since the situation in itself is repeatedly harmless and restricted to ...

Implementation plan

The problem of cancer pain amongst oncology care patients need to be given the required attention as a way of seeing to it that such individuals are able to emerge with desirable outcomes. It is important for pain alleviation programs to be put into place to make sure that such individuals are able to manage their conditions and assists them incorporate into the society. As such, it is essential that all due processes are followed to guarantee that pain alleviation amongst cancer patients is achieved. Having in place a proper implementation program will be an important step in achieving ...

Abstract

Evidence-based practice is a major improvement component of the modern-day healthcare system. Evidence-based practice relies on patient preferences, research findings and expertise to come up with best solutions suited to deliver the care process in the most effective manner. This project seeks to implement physical exercise among patients undergoing cancer treatment as well as those who have successfully undergone cancer therapy to prevent or reduce cancer-related fatigue. A sizeable amount of evidence suggests that physical exercise helps in preventing this form of fatigue and hence enabling this class of patients enjoy a high quality of life. The successful implementation ...

Literature review

Kaasa, S. (2015). Is Cancer Pain Control Improved by a Simple WHO Pain Analgesic Ladder Approach Combined With Tumor-Directed Treatment?.Journal of Clinical Oncology, JCO647537.

Article summary

This article takes into consideration the role that the WHO analgesic ladder plays in addressing cancer pain in palliative care patients. The authors identify that cancer pain occurs in 90% of cancer patients but only half them are under proper pain management. To this effect, therefore, there is the need for applying opioids under the WHO ladder guidelines as a way of addressing cancer pain in oncology care patients.

This is a narrative qualitative research ...

Introduction

The large production of bisphenol A (BPA) in the world has been documented because of the increased usage of the same in various industries. The most critical industries that have been using this BPA include those manufacturing containers for foods and beverages, cigarette filters, thermal receipts as well as paper currency. With such a huge provision, it is critical that the basis of such developments only emanates from making the right choices over its uses because its production to a total of 2.7 million tons could be disastrous to the body. The main reasoning here is that the chemical ...

Specifically, health disparities refer to health variances of different groups of people. In most cases, health disparities occur based on race, age, sexual orientation, religions, and gender, among others. For example, research suggests that black women have a relatively higher number of deaths from breast cancer than women from other racial groups (Breast Cancer Action, 2013). Generally, about 40,000 women succumb to breast cancer and related complications annually. Over 40% of black women that are diagnosed with the disease condition are more likely to die of the condition than white women. On the other hand, nearly 1800 fewer ...

Values Clarification and Ethical Legal Case Analysis

Values Clarification Values dictate the way people function both personally and professionally. In nursing practice, having clear values is essential in achieving moral competence (Jormsri et al., 2005). In completing the value clarification exercise, forty-two items were answered. Of these forty-two items, 15 responses were “mostly agree” and another 15 responses were “mostly disagree.” Six responses were “somewhat disagree”, three responses were “somewhat agree”, and the final three responses were “neutral.”

In a cluster that relates to issues raised by advanced technology, I had some agreements and disagreements. Giving extraordinary medical treatments to patients is essential, particularly when the ...

NASA’s space program has yielded a number of spinoffs. From advances in medicine, engineering, transportation, public safety, consumer goods to other fields, NASA spinoffs have improved the quality of life for astronauts, as well as for ordinary citizens on earth (Inside 2016). One of NASA’s latest spinoff advances has been in the field of osteoporosis research and treatments (Inside 2016). NASA-inspired osteoporosis research will help prevent or minimize bone loss in future astronauts, elderly people, and even cancer patients. Already, scientists have discovered that astronauts require regular exercise and specially-formulated foods to help prevent bone loss. For ...

Introduction

Healthcare providers are obliged to respect all the health privacy and confidentiality rules by ensuring sharing and handling of healthcare information in a manner that protects patient’s privacy (Murphy et al., 2011). The scenario below illustrates a situation involving breach of healthcare privacy.

Scenario

MN is a 36-year old female whose chief complaint was a lump in her breast. Her genetic screening results are positive for BRCA mutations-something that suggests a huge possibility of breast cancer. On the other hand, JN is a nurse charged with the role of providing patient teaching on breast cancer prevention and management. The ...

In the case of the elderly woman suffering from terminal breast cancer, a primary nurse could apply three clinical ethical principles. The principles, which would ensure that her issue is addressed efficiently, include; respect for autonomy, beneficence, and nonmaleficence (American Psychiatric Association, 2001). The principle of respect for anatomy is concerned about an individual’s making decision on what should happen to his or her body. A patient may wish to discontinue treatment or accept medical care depending on his or her decisions based on personality, religion and other rationales (Raines, 2000). Therefore, all medical personnel involved should respect ...

In reference to the case scenario, there are various lifestyle factors that should be considered during the patient’s treatment course in order to improve her clinical outcome and prognosis. Among the key lifestyle factors include; dietary patterns, level of physical activity as well as behavioral patterns. With regard to this, the healthcare professional should consider the patients dietary habits and educate the need to consume healthy diets such as vegetables, whole grains and fruits (Senkus et al., 2013). In addition, the healthcare provider should foster regular physical exercises in the patient in order to maintain a healthy weight ...

Meditation has many desirable effects for an individual’s quality of life. According to studies, meditation improves not only the mental health of its practitioners, but also their physical health (Shaku, Tsutsumi, Goto, & Arnoult, 2014, p.406). Because of its known beneficial effects, meditation has been used as intervention or therapy for various clinical and non-clinical cases. Meditation, for instance, has been used to improve the quality of life and attention span of adults with mental issues and is also proven effective in easing depression and anxiety of patients suffering from terminal diseases such as cancer and HIV (Kim, Kim, ...

Chapter I: Introduction

In the United States, Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-cutaneous malignancy after lung cancer in men with an incident of 126 per 100,000 people. The American Cancer Society (ACS) reported that the number of new cases of men diagnosed with PCa by 2016 will be an approximately 180,890 cases. PCa is still considered as the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Also, the ACS added that the estimation for death will occur from PCa is 26,120 deaths in 2016. Today, many studies stated that mortality rate is gradually decreasing compared with the ...

The first indication of menopause is a broken thermostat. It’s either that or your weight. In any case, if you don’t do something, you could be dead by August.“ - D.B.Frank Discuss health challenges experienced by women in the menopause transition with reference to current aetiological theories, underlying mechanisms, and how it affects women’s lives.

Introduction

Menopause occurs when a woman reaches the age at which she is no longer in her reproductive prime. However, menopause does not have a sudden onset; rather, it occurs gradually over time as hormone balances shift. This period of time, when ...

Introduction and summary

Equal access to healthcare is essential to the sustainability of any nation. In fact, lack thereof compromises the survival rates of any population as it heightens the mortality rates. In the article, of disparities and diversity: Where are we? Gloria Sarto seeks to provide a rationale for the high levels of differences in the medical sector. She compares the minority population’s accessibility to healthcare facilities as opposed to the largely white community in the United States. Through this comparison, she establishes a credible argument on the need to eliminate health disparities among people around the globe. For instance, ...

In reference to the case study, fibroadenomas is the term used in describing the benign condition that could have caused in patient’s breast mass. Essentially, fibroadenomas refers to a benign tumor that is made of the connective as well as the glandular tissue of the breast (Sala et al., 2015). As such, the condition is characterized by solid breast masses that are mainly round, painless and non-tender. Fibroademas usually occur in varying size whereby some are small while other are about eight centimeters in diameter. Fibrocystic breast disease is among the most common breast conditions that affects a ...

Abstract

The uses of radiation revolutionized medicine when experimentation on its potential applications begun. X-Ray technology, discovered by Wilhem Roentgen, is currently used as a common tool for diagnostics; Henri Becquerel, Marie Curie and Pierre Curie dedicated themselves to further investigations in the field, discovering additional radioactive materials (polonium and radium); radiation therapy is a popular treatment for cancer. This paper analyzes the historical background behind these two applications of radiation in the medical field. Moreover, the different types of radiotherapy are described (external-beam radiation therapy, internal radiation therapy). The concept of radiation homeostasis, which is the notion that low-dose ...

Breast self-examination is one of the processes that has been utilized in the screening for breast cancer or the growth of tumor in the breasts. While being a common practice and preferred among many people, the lack of standardization on the detection, reading and translation of the results implies that it can cause anxiety and fear in the user. On the other hand, it can become a common justification for women to seek regular screening options and medication which all my not be necessary. Further, the breast self-examination has not been indicated across scholarly articles and research to minimize ...

A1 Quantitative Article

Article #A1: Wu, H., Li, Z., Li, H, & Wu, S. (2016). Quantitative phase imaging of breast cancer cell based on SLIM. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 679(1), 1-5. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/679/1/012003

Background

In this article, Wu et al. (2016) used quantitative process in analyzing data created from observing the cell dynamics, in which they used spatial light interference microscopy or SLIM to come up with the data. In this process, they combined the Zernike’s phase contrast microscopy, as well as, Gabor’s holography. Zernicke discovered it back in 1935 when he was able to observe phase objects that did ...

Abstract

Worldwide, ovarian cancer is ovarian cancer is the sixth most diagnosed cancer and is responsible for the most deaths annually than any other disease of the female reproductive system. It has a poor prognosis because the symptoms are vague even into Stage IV of the disease. Epithelial ovarian cancer constitutes about 90% of diagnosed cases. Research has demonstrated that hormone therapy, chronic pelvic inflammation, and BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline pathogenic variants are factors in the etiology of ovarian cancer. BRCA1 and BRCA2 is also associated with breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, fallopian tube cancer, prostate cancer, and primary peritoneal cancer. ...

Women’s health is an important area to consider. Particularly, the critical stage in their life is the stage when they achieve the motherhood. Numerous care specialists investigated this specific stage so as to gain insights of clinical importance. In such context, the present description deals with a topic, Mammography-Literature review on Breast compression. Briefly, a breast compression refers to ‘breast flattening’ such that the adequate quantity of tissue could be visualized through imaging and tested, during a mammographic examination (Breast Compression,2015) Rationale: Breast compression, at the time of mammography, is one of the various fundamental technical approaches ...

Breast cancer is identified as the most common cancer among women in the world (Chlebowski, Chen, Anderson, Rohan, Aragaki, Paskett, and Prentice, 2013). The prevalence rates have increased in the recent past, a trend associated with lifestyle attributes such as improper diets and lack of exercise. In as much as genetics play a contributory role in the development of breast cancer, a significant part is associated with these changes. An interesting aspect is that the ailment affects women differently in relation to differences in racial and ethnic considerations. In this regard, Asian women are the least affected group in ...

Introduction

Breast cancer is among the most widespread multifactorial diseases that is mainly caused by the interplay between the environmental and the inherited factors. In the light of this, various studies have been conducted to explore and determine the associations that exist between genetic variants in the susceptible genes and the risk for breast cancer. However, these studies have produced varying results in regard to the associations between most of the genetic variants and the risk for breast cancer. As such, the study “Genetic variants associated with breast-cancer risk: comprehensive research synopsis, meta-analysis, and epidemiological evidence” by Zhang et al. ( ...

Introduction

Breast cancer is known as the most commonly diagnosed disease among women. It is not restricted to a single cast race or ethnicity. As compared to white women Asian women suffering from breast cancer are diagnosed at the later stages of the disease, and they also have higher death rates. Many studies are dot done on the racial differences experienced by the survival during the treatment or during diagnosis. Disparities in the breast cancer survival women could be due to inequality in the screening of breast cancer, its diagnosis, treatment and follow-up after the treatment. Research shows that how ...

Introduction

The occurrence of breast cancer in Asian women is very frequent due to multiple reasons. It has been reported that breast cancer is a very common disease, and almost 14.3% of women suffer from it. Asian women who suffer from this disease go through many psychological and physical problems during the treatment. The rate of breast cancer among Asian women is increasing day by day, which has led to various concerns about the healthy future and well-being the women in this population. Breast cancer is a disease which is also affecting racial and ethnic communities in the US. Different ...

Breast cancer is the growth of malignant tissue that starts in breast region and spreads to distant parts of the body. It is most common in women though it can also happen in men to a lower extent. Risk factors are things that heighten the chances of getting cancer (Bunnell, 2000). There are several risk factors for breast cancer, but it is not easy to know how much the factors can contribute. Some of the risk factors for breast cancer include the use of oral contraceptives, dense breast tissue, previous chest radiation, and drinking alcohol among others. The preventive ...

The prevalence of breast cancer in the world has prompted various research efforts in an attempt to understand the illness. The devastating result of its development as witnessed in increased mortality has motivated the development of new diagnostic and treatment approaches to be adopted to reduce its prevalence (Lenk, 2009). For this reason, various researchers have focused their studies on how to treat this deadly ailment. Some of these researchers are Gabriel Hortobagyi and Alastair Wood. This paper will carry out a qualitative analysis and critique of their work on the treatment of breast cancer.

Problem Statement

The clinical problem of ...

Abstract

The United States health sector continues to record more cases of breast cancer among women. The incident rates of breast cancer vary considerably with racial and ethnic categories, with Asian women reporting lower rates. Healthcare practices, lifestyle, and risk factors associate with the high prevalence of breast cancer among Asian women (Gomez, Quach et al., 2010). Purpose: The objective of the study was to determine factors associated with the high prevalence of breast cancer among Asian women. Methods: The study used correlation quantitative study design. A group of 200 Asian women diagnosed with breast cancer between 2010 and 2013 ...

Ahmad, A. (2013). Pathways to Breast Cancer Recurrence. ISRN Oncology, 2013, 1-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/290568 In his article, Ahmed gives an overview of the current knowledge regarding the recurrence of breast cancer after treatment and the challenges. He reviews existing literature on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cells (CSCs), various signaling pathways such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and Notch/Wnt/Hedgehog. Also, he also examined the hypotheses that are currently undergoing an investigation to determine the prevention of breast cancer recurrence (Ahmad, 2013). Andre, F. & Zielinski, C. (2012). Optimal strategies for the treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer with currently approved agents. Annals of ...

Source #1:

Web address where the site can be located where you are lurking: N/A A Summary of The Stated Purpose of the Site or Mission Statement: promoting fashion for people who are overweight Observational Notes: This site is a good source for black plus-size women since it promotes fashion suitable for them. The members of the group are active as evidenced by the fact that at the time of writing this paper, a photo posted seven hours before had recorded 1,690 likes. I would recommend this site since it encourages women who are overweight to develop a positive attitude ...

SOAP NOTE

Women’s Health / Primary Care SOAP Age Range: 25- 30 Gender: Female Occupation: Receptionist Subjective: ID: M.L.

Reliability: Patient is a knowledgeable and a reliable source of information.

Reason for seeking Care (CC): Complaint of heaviness and pain in the left breast on and off since the last 4 months. History of Present Illness: Not applicable. No history of change in surgical, medical or family history.

Travel History past 30 days: No history of travelling in the last 30 days.

Current Medications: Denies being on any medication currently or in the past. Allergies (Medication, Food, Environmental): Not allergic to any medication, food or environmental influences. Immunizations: Received all the immunizations in a timely manner. History of Present Illness: The patient was ...

English - The research paper

Even after decades, racial tensions and discriminations have not been erased completely. Racial injustices to African-Americans continue to pervade even today and compel President Obama to speak on the issue. With more than a third of the US population belonging to ethnic minority groups, it would be a mistake to ignore issues related to racism. Can racism spread its roots in the health care industry and if it has, is racism is a significant barrier to accessing healthcare? Those are tough questions and need some studies. The essay explores the disparities in health care systems experienced by the racial ...

Introduction

The total number of patients with cancer keeps soaring globally with around 14 million cases diagnosed by 2014. Each year, about 8 million people die of cancer-related illnesses globally. There are quite some remedies that have been proposed to mitigate in the cancer menace. This study is focused on cancer treatment by curcumin through tyrosine kinase inhibition. Curcumin is the primary coloring agent found in turmeric, a tuber of the herb Curcuma longa Lin. It has widespread use as a flavoring agent (Aggarwal and Bokyung 87). It is also well known for its medicinal value commonly used to suppress ...

Complementary and Traditional Interventions

The use of the complementary modalities in the treatment of different diseases has become a common phenomenon in medicine. For instance, complementary modalities are commonly used in the treatment of depression, back pain and anxiety. Besides complementary modalities, traditional interventions have also proven to be effective in the treatment of diseases for a longer period since the ancient times. Despite the fact that health practitioners integrate traditional interventions and conventional modalities when providing care so as to enhance the outcome of the patient, it is imperative for the health practitioner to be careful while choosing either of the interventions ...

RESULTS

Section 1 All samples were found to be positive for the anti-Ro antibody with higher than 240 IU/ml, except Sample ID # 13 and 32, which showed lower concentrations (Figure 1.). These samples also exhibited occurrence of Smd and Dn respectively, albeit at low concentrations. Sample Id# 12 and 20 also showed presence of anti-La antibody. The autosera of Patient Id # 32 suffering from SS displays a faint 52kd IgM band, which is representative of 52kd anti-Ro antibody and is fainter in ethanol treatment sample. Patient ID # 42 expressing a higher than 240 IU/L of anti-Ro antibody in the clinical ...

Breast cancer is a kind of cancer developing from breast cells. It involves abnormal breast cells growth and, in serious stages, can invade into other parts of the body (World Health Organization 1). The majority of breast cancer cases occur in women, however men can have breast cancer as well. National Cancer Institute reports that 232 340 female breast cancers and 2 240 male breast cancers occur in the USA each year, as well as 39 620 people die from this disease annually (Nordqvist 1). Breast cancer is more common in the developed countries. As for more statistics, in ...

There are several causes of breast cancer. Cancer is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system of the body affects its organs (Lietzen, et al.,7). Breast cancer can recur even after treatment because of several factors, namely, age, medication administrated, other diseases that may compromise the immune system and the age of the individual. Ethnicity also plays a big part in whether or not an individual is more likely to get breast cancer. White women are more than likely to get breast cancer because they have a higher incidence of getting it. Ethnic minority groups such as ...

Identify and describe a theory from nursing or from another discipline that provides the framework for your Evidence Based Practice proposal (Low income African Americans have higher risk for colorectal cancer). Explain your rationale for picking this theory. 

Statistics

For the modern civilized world, colorectal cancer is quite prevalent type of cancer and is the fourth largest among the others types of cancers. Every year in the global database 800 new cases of the disease are recorded, half of which are fatal. Interestingly, about 133 thousand of the victims are residents of the United States of America (American Canser Society, ...

Research Question: Does a diet such as low fat and low cholesterol really help lower LDL? Hypothesis: It may or may not. Early research sometimes suggested not eating eggs would help lower cholesterol. This resulted in limits for how many eggs one should eat, if any. Determine if a low fat and low cholesterol diet really works with the study outlined below . Compare two groups of patients: one group eliminating foods which may alter LDL levels and one which continues on with their usual diet before diagnosis of the high LDL levels. Foods to be considered are eggs, 2% ...

Women’s Role in Advertisement

Introduction The advertisement is probably the most influential means of promoting the product and the service to the customer. The target customers are informed about the product and service of the business. Through effective and catchy advertisements, they are encouraged to consume the product or the service of the business. That is why the advertising industry has been researched by many scholars. One of the major and common research areas in the field of advertisement is the projection of female body or the objectification of women in advertisement. It is a serious issue that has been discussed by many ...

Abstract

In the essay, there were reviewed questions about how prevalent and widespread stress are in the American population, what consequences and complications stress can cause, and which methods and intervention can be implemented in nursing practice to help patients with high levels of stress to overcome and prevent adverse impacts of stress. As different researches` results showed, there are no clear answers to questions about who is more vulnerable to stress – young or older adults, women or men. Some evidence indicates that representatives of ethnic minorities are more susceptible to stress. Many pieces of evidence point out that prolonged ...

Introduction

Kim Hong-Joon, Park Tae-Jun, and Ahn Kang-Min developed a study to review 25 cases on Bisphosponate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in metastatic breast cancer patient's analysis in the year 2016. The study aimed at reporting Bisphosponate-related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (BRONJ) in metastatic breast cancer patients. The research objective plays a critical role in helping the reader understand the main issue discussed by the authors. Kim et al.'s study findings play a significant role in the field of medicine today by recommending effective methods of preventing BRONJ in metastatic breast cancer without subjecting the patient to high risks of ...

Introduction: Hospitalization and illness, not only affects physical health, but also the mental health of patients, caretakers and family members. Many patients experience fear and stress that affects their day to day activities and relationship with others. Mental strength is required for adapting to changes caused by illness. A healthy mind helps the body cope up with the stress caused by one’s illness. Certain medical conditions can affect different aspects of one’s life: personal, professional and social life. Though it is normal for a patient to worry about his diseases; it is not normal to feel hopeless ...

Abstract

The article talks about the NFL’s Crucial Catch Campaign that aims at assisting the American Cancer Society (ACS) to raise awareness and fight breast Cancer. At the same time, the author raises concern about the motives of the stakeholders involved in the campaign. The NFL has joined hands with ACS and other partners to conduct A Crucial Catch within the society (Basen, 2013). The campaign has two major objectives: to raise awareness about breast cancer, and also solicit for funds. Despite the good intentions, it is said that the NFL and other stakeholders have their personal interests. The ...

Epidemiology deals with the calculation and interpretation of various health determinants and distributions. These findings help in the assessment, prevention, and control of various diseases and health problems. Epidemiologists consider the community or population as their patients. The most common methods used in this field of study are surveillance, descriptive studies, and analytic studies (World Health Organization, n.d.; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). Some of the terms used in epidemiology is risk which can be measured using calculations for absolute risk, relative risk, attributable risk, and odds ratio (Moulton, 2011). Risk can be defined as the chance ...

Introduction

The aim of the paper is to present the comparative analysis of different leadership styles by taking different leaders from the industries as an example. The paper discloses the leadership qualities of three leaders (Reema Bint Bandar Al Saud, Brian Chesky, and John Mackey), evaluates their characteristics through linking them with leadership theories, and presents a comparison of their leadership styles. Reema Bint Bandar Al Saud took the degree in museum studies from a reputable University of Paris; she joined a retail store in Saudi Arabia as CEO in 2010. She is also a creative director, and founder of ...

Article 1: Radiation Associated Brainstem Injury

The tolerance of the central nervous system (CNS) to radiation treatment is significant to patient under treatment for metastatic or primary diseases associated with neck, brain and head. In most cases, brainstem injury is graded by most widespread toxicity criterion of the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program based on symptoms. The first grade is considered mild, the second grade is moderate and without the capacity to interfere with daily living activities. The third grade presents extreme interference with the activities of daily living while the fourth grade is life threatening. The manifestation of severe radiation therapy induced central nervous system ...

Abstract

Breast Cancer is quite common among women. In the USA, around 12% of the female population get breast cancer. During the 1980s and the 1990s breast cancer was on the rise in the USA due to over usage of hormone in the birth control process. Presently, around 2.8 million females have breast cancer. Due to advancement in detection and treatment,about 90% of breast cancer patients get cured and live for a minimum of 5 years and more . There are various detection techniques for this condition, which include physical examination, mammogram and ultrasound. If detected early, small surgery with ...

Abstract

Radiotherapy is a treatment method that involves the use of a high energy radiation, and mostly used in the treatment of cancer. The method can also be used in the treatment of non-cancerous begin, tumour, thyroid diseases, as well as other blood disorders. In the process of the treatment of breast cancer, there are several automated tools or equipment required for the success of treatment. For instance, computers are used in performing automated medical tasks such as radiology systems, bibliography retrieval, and patient-monitoring in the process of treatment.

Introduction

Radiotherapy is a treatment method that involves the use of a ...

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Abstract

This paper reviews the effects of effects of breast cancer at a later stage among women living in the United States of America and its relation to factors such as ethnicity, race, geographic location, and availability of insurance, access to medical test facilities, and course of treatments, lifestyle and socio-economic factors and so on. A special focus has been laid on the racial and ethnic discrimination among women affected with breast cancer in regards to the surgical treatments being offered in health facilities in the United States of America. Many authors ...

There is a strong association between alcohol consumption and development of cancer. Data from 2009 suggested that alcohol consumption was responsible for approximately 3.5% of all cancer deaths in the US (Nelson et al., 2013). In addition, alcohol-associated cancers were responsible for 17.0 to 19.1 years of potential life lost for each death (Nelson et al., 2013). The chances of developing alcohol-related cancer are higher among persons with higher regular alcohol intake over time. Alcoholism might influence the development of cancer depending on the quantity of alcohol consumed and duration of that consumption. The risk of developing alcohol-related cancer ...