Essays on Bronchitis

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) refers to emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Stoller claims that COPD has been the interest of many researchers recently. The disease caused about 2.5 million deaths in 2000 (Stoller, 2012). Normally, there are two lungs in the chest. Lobes are sections that make up lungs. Ribcage protects the lungs. They remove carbon dioxide from the body and bring oxygen into it. The nose and the cough are the ways in which lungs protect themselves. People breathe in air through the mouse or nose (Thoracic.org, 2015). Then the air moves down the trachea. The epiglottis controls ...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Introduction Chronic Obstructive pulmonary disease also known as COPD is a group of diseases which make breathing difficult by obstructing airflow and causing other breathing related problems (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015). This disease which is described by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) as progressive because it worsens over time includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema and asthma in some cases (CDC, 2013; NHLBI, 2013a). In developing countries, poor quality of indoor air is suspected to play a major role in the disease development and progression whereas in the Unites States, tobacco smoke is reported ...

COPD is a medical condition that is characterized by alteration in lung parenchyma, bronchitis, emphysema and narrowing of the respiratory passages. It occurs as a consequence to chronic inflammation reaction involving the respiratory tract. The mucous secretion and fibrosis associated with chronic inflammation, can cause blockage and narrowing of the airway. Bronchitis refers to inflammation of the inner lining of the lung, while, emphysema is a clinical condition that occurs following the long term destruction of lung parenchyma. Bronchitis and emphysema are both characteristic features of COPD. Destruction of lung parenchyma causes loss of alveolar attachment and decreases the ...

M.K is a female, 45 years old with 5.5” height and 225 lbs. weight and has a history of smoking for 22 years and poor diet. The history of Type II diabetes mellitus and primary hypertension is also observed with the recent diagnosis of chronic bronchitis. She has been observed with chronic cough with sputum, light headedness, excessive peripheral edema, distended neck veins and increased urination during the night. She has been using the medications comprising of Lotensin and Lasix to treat hypertension and Glucophage for diabetes mellitus.

Vitals and Lab Results

The patient is observed chronic cough with sputum and the cough ...

Differential diagnosis

The patient presents with the a 3-day cough and primary signs including a productive cough with yellow mucus, afebrile indications, no cervical adenopathy, enlarged nasal turbinates and moderate clear rhinorrhea. The father is in fear that the child has bronchitis. However, the patient has does not indicate cervical adenopathy ad is able to take deep breaths without coughing. The respiratory rate is at 18 indicating to be within the normal range (Dains, Baumann & Scheibel, 2007). Bronchitis could be a possible condition in this case as the patient presents with a productive cough, yellow in color as well as afebrile ...

Question 1

It is evident that particulate matter is becoming increasingly concentrated in Asia as reported by WHO. Power plants, dust storms, fossil fuels burning in vehicles as well as various industrial facilities result in highly significant amounts of particulates in the Asian continent. People in countries such as Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, and Nepal are prone to and in most cases suffer from aggravating respiratory and heart diseases such as emphysema, bronchitis, and asthma. Bronchitis, characterized by coughing up of dry mucus which is sometimes colored, is an inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes that carry air to the ...

Introduction

This paper aims at evaluating concepts of alteration in homeostatic state, secondary to temporal variables. It analyses the case study of Brad, a 45-year old coal cutter who has held the job for 25 years. Brad is experiencing a chronic cough due to prolonged exposure to coal. Importantly, he has not been attending yearly checkups because he fears that his lung is “black.” The disease leads to fibrosis, reduced diffusing ability, and dilation of the small airways. In the final stage, the airways, alveoli, and pulmonary capillaries become damaged.

How the disease described in the case study creates incongruous between ventilation and perfusion

Chronic lung disease may induce mismatch in ventilation and perfusion ...

Describe the underlying pathology of COPD and the common pathological characteristics of the condition. Discuss the impact these pathological changes have on normal function, including how alveolar ventilation might be different in Mr Wenham compared to a normal individual. The hallmark pathological attributes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are one, poorly reversible airflow obstruction and two, a progressive atypical inflammatory response within the lungs. The abnormal inflammatory response denotes the responses of the innate and adaptive immune systems to long-standing exposure to noxious gases and particles especially cigarette smoke. Notably, all cigarette smokers have some degree of inflammation ...

Northampton community, Virginia is usually regarded as a small town which has invested in sustainable rural development. Northampton County forms the gateway to the Chesapeake Bay, and it is the southernmost county in Virginia's Eastern Shore (Mitchell & walls, 2013). The county is characterized by beaches, marshes, tidal creeks, woodlands, historic villages, farms and a variety of marshes. In addition to the natural and cultural assets, the county has a diverse home for over 250 species of birds, fish, and wildlife. One of the most saddening facts is that the county is among the poorest in the entire Virginia state. ...

Influenza is a highly communicable viral infection that is fundamental for the critical outbreaks of respiratory illnesses; it is usually very common in the winter (CDC, 2015). Influenza, unlike the common cold, can cause brutal, life-threatening complications such as bronchitis and pneumonia as well as a severe illness which must require hospitalization. The flu is more dangerous to pregnant women, Aboriginal, and Torres Strait Islander individuals, elderly people and young children.

The cause of influenza

There are three common types of influenza viruses which infect a human being. These include influenza A, B, and C (Commonwealth of Australia, 2016). Influenza A and B ...

What are three major causes of chronic bronchitis?

The three major causes of chronic bronchitis are cigarette smoking, long time exposure to air pollutants (such as industrial or chemical fumes), and inhalation of toxic gasses (Madell, 2016).

What are the major pathologic airway changes are associated with chronic bronchitis?

Chronic bronchitis is the condition affecting human beings that cause a continuous irritation and inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tube. Bronchial tubes are airways that carry air to and from the lungs. Exposure to cigarette smoke, air pollutants, or toxic chemicals causes a persistent cough that leads to the formation of excessive amounts of sticky mucus in the airways that result in inflammation and fibrosis. The mucus blocks ...

Industrial Hygiene

Article Review ARTICLE REVIEW Identification of the Primary Issue The article is based upon the incident which took place on May 2000, in a popcorn manufacturing facility. The workers of the facility displayed respiratory issues and treatment showed development of bronchitis obliterans. The local health department set up an investigating because bronchitis obliterans is an uncommon respiratory problem and needed serious supervision. The case went into the hands of OSHA, they proved the disease to be a result of occupational exposure to Diacetyl. The cases interested many lawsuits after which several workers and law agents followed the safety precautions ...

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<<Date of submission>>, Word count: 1996 China has experienced major economic growth and urbanization in the last few decades. Though growth is necessary to ensure socio-economic progress, it brings along its own challenges and issues like traffic congestion (Shen, 1997). This has been necessitated by the lack of infrastructure and the growth of jobs in the rural areas. Due to the mass and rapid influx of population from rural areas, city planners face many challenges. For one, the pressure ...

Body Systems

The 10 possible terms that might be involved in this case are: Muscular fatigue (Debility of muscles to generate force due to excessive spraining). Fibromyalgia (Situation of muscular stiffness and localized tenderness at specific points). Osteoarthritis (Situation of Severe joint pain and stiffness due to aging and body weight). Rheumatoid arthritis (Disease causing inflammation of joints causing pain and deformity) Tendinitis (Disease causing severe inflammation of tendons, which link muscles to bones). Spasm (Situation of sudden muscular contraction or that of a convulsive movement). Muscular Sprain (Accidental situation leading to torn or stretched ligaments). Hypertonia (Situation of abnormal increase ...

Acute bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi while pneumonia is an infection that causes the inflammation of one or both of the lung tissue. Both respiratory diseases have similar manifestations such as cough with sputum production, muscle aches and fatigue. According to the FDA, 300,000 adults age 50 and above are hospitalized every year due to pneumococcal pneumonia (Sagon, 2012). A 55 year old suffering from pneumonia would have signs and symptoms such as cough which can be dry or productive (green or yellow sputum, occasionally rust colored), sudden onset of fever with temperature greater than 380C, chills ...

Background

Azithromycin has two names by which it is prescribed: Zmax and Zithromax. The Federal Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the use of this medication to treat acute bacterial infections of the respiratory system, acute bacterial sinus infections, bacterial pneumonia, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, skin structure infections, urethritis, cervicitis, and genital ulcer disease. The risks of using this medication include fatal heart rhythms when patients already suffer from cardiovascular conditions. The FDA also notes that this drug should not be used for long-term use1.

Azithromycin for Acute Bronchitis

Ten million adults visit their doctors every year to receive the diagnosis of acute bronchitis. In this pill-popping, ...

Basically the signs and symptoms of chronic bronchitis can be classified as early and late

signs and symptoms. The early symptoms are the primary or initial symptoms which the patient may experience in primary stages of chronic bronchitis and as it worsens the later symptoms will be experienced.

Primary signs and symptoms:

The most common symptom of chronic bronchitis is Coughing. Long term cough is Defined when cough persists for most days of the month, at least 3 months a year and for two years in a row and it doesn't heal in a spite of treatment. In early stages the patient may experience coughing in the morning with sputum brought up from the lungs and ...

Chronic bronchitis is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that is characterized by excessive bronchial mucus secretion and a productive cough that usually lasts three months or longer in two consecutive years. Abnormalities associated with chronic bronchitis are thickened bronchial walls, mucosal inflammation in the walls and airways, and hypertrophied and hyperplastic mucus glands (Arcangelo & Peterson, 2013). The recommended drug treatment for controlling chronic bronchitis is divided into three lines (Arcangelo & Peterson, 2013). First, aminopenicilins, such as ampicillin and amoxicillin, are usually sufficient for simple chronic bronchitis cases. Second, in complicated chronic bronchitis, second-generation or third-generation ...

Darline Stvictor-Viau

Molloy College Abstract Lung cancer is a leading cause of death in the United States today. While smoking is a significant risk factor, there are other causes of the disease. Second-hand smoke, exposure to radon gas and asbestos, and possibly other environmental contaminants act in conjunction with gender and ethnicity to result in a diagnosis of lung cancer. Numbers indicate that more non-smokers are being diagnosed with lung cancer at this time than non-smokers due to development of the disease after cessation. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly extend the life of the lung cancer patient while studies continue seeking ...

Presentation: 52 year old male presents with complaint of wet cough and intermittent fevers for one week. Symptoms have progressively worsened with onset of back pain over the last two days. Previous Medical History: No health insurance and has not seen provider for five years. History of Hypertension, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and Diabetes Mellitus-2 controlled with diet.

Allergies: Penicillin and Erthyromycin History of Present Illness: Onset/duration: one week. Pattern: cough worse at night. Associated Symptoms: fever and back pain worsens with coughing. Relieving factors: sitting up and drinking fluids. Aggravating factors: smoking and lying down. Effect ...

Introduction

The rapidly evolving world that we live in requires minds that can innovate and come up with creative solutions to the problems that we face. Businesses in particular are at a time where fast innovation is a key ingredient to survival and growth. The problems faced by modern societies also seek innovative solutions that are cost effective, life changing and efficient. Innovation is defined as the creation of a new product that is set to change the way individuals in business, schools, government and other social structures do things.

Innovation

For this project, I came up with an innovation that could potentially change ...

Oxygen therapy refers to administration of oxygen to a patient as a medical intervention. The purposes can vary in care for both chronic and acute patients. It is normally used when a patient is hypoxic and is unable to supply his or her cells with enough oxygen through normal respiratory processes. The delivery system chosen depends on the age of the patient, humidification needs, oxygen requirements or the therapeutic goals, and, the patient’s tolerance to the selected interface. (Roca, Riera, Torres, & Masclans, 2010). (Pauwels, Buist, Calverley, Jenkins, & Hurd, 2012). The nursing actions needed to assist Mr. Jerrison’s respiratory ...

Introduction

COPD is an acronym for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This is a progressive disease which affects one’s lungs, rendering it increasingly difficult to breathe. The term progressive in the definition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease implies that the disease increases in severity over time. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease causes coughing in affected individuals and is characterized by copious amounts of mucus, shortness of breath, wheezing and tightness of the chest among other symptoms (National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. 2013). This paper delves in this population, with an aim of studying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The paper will ...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or else known as chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD, is a form of obstructive lung disease categorized by persistently reduced airflow and it is typical for this situation to get worse over the years. The key symptoms comprise of shortness of breath, cough, and mucus making . It is not uncommon for individuals with bronchitis to show symptoms of COPD . Smoking is considered one of the main factors in causing COPD along with other important causes including air pollution and genetics. Nowadays, and especially in Third World Countries, insufficient cooking and ways of heating are a key ...

Abstract

This paper proposes that The Clean Indoor Act must be amended to ensure that there are no exceptions and that all public places are tobacco-free. This amendment will help further reduce the effects of secondhand tobacco smoke. Smoking in the public subjects passersby to second hand or passive tobacco smoke. Passive smoking is an act of an individual inhaling in other people’s smoke. Second hand smoke has many effects on the health of non-smokers. Therefore, it is vital to safeguard their health. Since this is a statutory law, the changes can only be made by the state’s legislature. ...

Medicine

(Department)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Introduction of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) COPD is among the commonly occurring lung diseases in which the person feels difficulty in breathing (Lynn, Harrold, and Schuster, 2011). There are two main types of COPD: - Chronic bronchitis in which there is a persistent cough with mucus, - Emphysema in which there is damage to the lungs with the passage of time.

Most of the patients of COPD have a combination of both of the conditions.

Causes and reasons of COPD Smoking is found to be among the top most important causes of COPD. Moreover, chances of developing COPD increases with increased smoking. However, in rare cases people may ...

Introduction and Background Information

Climate change occurs as one of the topics that have generated immense debate across various settings all over the globe. This can be accredited to the threats that climate changeposes on the environment and health of the populations. The most worrying concern with regards to climate change is the fact that a significant proportion of the populations are not aware of the detrimental effects that climate changes poses to them. While much has been hypothesized regarding the implications of climate change, it is of the essence to note that the effects posed by climate change are dependent on a wider array ...

Meadowbank TAFE

HLTAP501A/B/C Analyze Health Information HLTCOM510B Provide Services to Clients with Chronic Disease or Conditions PATHOLOGY ASSIGNMENT –ASTHMA– Abstract Asthma is a chronic problem that influences lung function. Clinically asthma is identified by the variation in expiratory airflow and abnormal respiratory symptoms such as wheezing, chest congestion, cough, and shortness of breath. The aetiology of asthma is linked to a mixture of genetic and environmental factors, though; heredity or atopy also plays a role in asthma. Asthma is categorized into two types: extrinsic (allergic) and intrinsic (nonallergic). Allergic asthma is an outcome of the reaction of an antibody ...

Introduction

Air pollution is a very strange phenomenon yet it is one that causes severe damage to e person’s health as well as to every other infrastructure that stays in between the community. Air pollution has numerous causes of concern in the modern world and these causes, instead of deteriorating, are only increasing on a daily basis without much cooperation to their basic destabilization . As much as it is the responsibility of world leaders to evoke the world of air pollution, they seem to be halted by business magnates who refuse to stop their mega invested projects in a bid to work ...

Description of Disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD is a progressive illness due to which the sufferer is not able to breathe easily. In this connection, progressive means that this disease worsens with the passage of time. In COPD, the patient’s coughing produces mucus in large amounts, puffiness, breath shortness, tightness of chest, and similar other symptoms (Currie, 2011). There are two major conditions in COPD i.e. chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Emphysema refers to the condition whereby damage of the walls between several air sacs occurs. Consequently, the air sacs become flaccid due to the shape loss. Such damage also ...

Written Case Study – Pathophysiology II

(Location of the University) 1. Describe the underlying pathology of COPD. What impacts do these pathological changes have on normal physiology? In particular, describe alveolar ventilation in a normal individual and discuss how this might be different in Mr Wenham. (20 marks) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or COPD is touted to be the third leading cause of death in the United States of America. In 2010, it has claimed the lives of 134,676 individuals (CDC 2013). By definition, COPD presents persistent blockage of airflow in the lungs — thus interfering normal breathing. Those afflicted with such condition generally ...

Tissue and Cellular Organization

The circle of life on the earth is very complicated, though sometimes it seems to be rather easy. People see plants, insects, various fluids, surface and soil, but they often do not think of all the complexity of the constitution of bodies that fill up the world. In other words, everything consists of cells and tissues, and in order to understand the essence of every matter it is important to investigate their structure. There are some organisms, such as bacteria, that are unicellular or they are made up of only a “single cell” (Science Daily, 2014). These one-celled organisms ...

General introduction: Historical Background about Tobacco

Cigarette consumption started as early as 16th centuries among the pre-Columbian Americas. However, the natives smoked for medicinal and ceremonial purposes only. The cultivation and smoking methods were completely different as compared in the early 1960’s. The people used to smoke the tobacco in pipes. Tobacco consumption started in Europe at the end of 16th century after Christopher Columbus took with him some few tobacco leaves and seeds. However, its used was largely popularized by such individuals like Jean Nicot who champion for the spread of the significance it had to the users. The main idea of Christopher ...

The rationale of this report is to present results of the Emissions Inventory conducted for Northern Arizona University’s (NAU) criteria pollutant emissions. The report shall be in terms of both the emissions trends for the university and the resulting impacts these emissions have on the surrounding environment and human health. Emissions data collected by Northern Arizona University Industrial Hygienist, Jim Biddle, was used to create a comprehensive report of nine years of emissions data for NAU over a thirteen year time span (1999-2012). No data was available for the years 2000, 2002, 2004, or 2006. The four criteria pollutants that ...

Compare and Contrast Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis

Compare and Contrast Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis The damages caused by these conditions to these air sacs result into a difficulty in breathing which is experienced by people suffering from these conditions. The other similarity between these conditions is that they are both incurable. However, they can be maintained through medication. A person suffering from Emphysema or Chronic Bronchitis should begin from quitting smoking and other exposures to second hand smoking. Then, they should visit a medical facility to be prescribed appropriate medicines such as bronchodilators, supplemental oxygen and anti-inflammatories (steroids). This is the only recommended way through which they ...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a condition where the airflow in and out of the lungs is obstructed. A number of chronic lung conditions are bundled together as a common diagnosis of COPD. Emphysema, chronic bronchitis and chronic asthmatic bronchitis are all associated with blockage of the outflow of air through the bronchioles. Patients who are diagnosed with these diseases have similar symptoms and many overlapping characteristics. The diseases usually begin as emphysema or chronic bronchitis with separate causes and pathophysiology, however, it is observed that by the time patients seek treatment, the two diseases overlap and are thus simply ...

- What are the clinical differences between seizures and epilepsy? Seizure is characterized by hyperexcitation of brain neurons which results into spontaneous sensory interruptions, motor activity, and at times loss of consciousness. Epilepsy on its part is a neurologic disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. - Being a lifelong neurological condition, does epilepsy requires palliative or comfort care? Epilepsy is not curable but can easily be managed. Being a lifelong condition, it requires comfort care that improves the quality of life. - What are the comorbid conditions associated with epilepsy? The majority of patients with epilepsy also suffer ...

Abstract

Home Health Nursing has been a dedicated profession since the introduction of visiting health nursing profession in 1916. The practice has been widely appreciated; particularly in treating those patients who suffer with some chronic ailment and prefer their medical aid to be taken at their homes. Home health nurses visit their homes and meet their needs, as required and desired by them to soothe themselves. The profession is now supported with proper guidance teams which include physicians, social workers and technicians, and thus there is a good scope of home health nursing in the coming future too.

Meeting the Needs of Chronically Ill by Home Health Nurses

Nursing has been a dedicated ...

Cigarettes are intentionally planned to provide a quick nicotine hit. Nicotine induces addiction in a similar manner as cocaine or heroin. Nicotine raises the heart rate and causes effects on many different components of the body and brain. There are many reasons as to why people smoke. People utilize smoking to support them if things are not right. Others smoke together with other people as a shared task or as a way to initiate conversations and increase self confidence. There is also a belief that smoking aids in reducing weight. There are a number of diseases that are associated with smoking including lung cancer, ...

(Name of Professor) SmokingSmoking is considered as one of the health risk factors that could result in the development of chronic diseases. The use of tobacco has been described by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as a risk for increasing deaths and the growing prevalence of lung and heart diseases. There are different causes why smoking could adversely affect the body’s normal function and alter its healthy state. As a consequence, there are significant effects produced by smoking to the body. While smoking is considered to be a behavioral health risk factor, it is highly preventable. It is ...

Introduction

Kurt Cobain was a bandleader of the band called Nirvana. He was born in April 20 of 1967 at Hoquiam. The mother to Kurt was a waitress while his father was a mechanic. They lived in a depressed town called Aberdeen. Kurt suffered from bronchitis during his childhood, a disease that disturbed him during his early life. His parents divorced when he was seven year of age. He found himself relying on relatives and finally became homeless. This made him a lonely child who could not interact with people.At his early age, he used to listen to British bands, which captivated him. After listening ...

REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS

Abstract The research paper is on two of the organ systems. The discussion will be the reproductive and respiratory systems. The research will include the effects of the two body systems on the skin. The discussion will involve a brief description of reproduction and respiratory systems. In addition, the organs involved in the two systems will be discussed. The function of the systems and their organs will also be discussed. The health operations of reproduction and respiratory systems will be included in the discussion. Moreover, the pathologies, diseases and disorders that can cause effects on the skin are covered ...

Background information

According to the United Nations, homelessness has become “an increasing social and public health problem worldwide”. There are various states of homelessness. Absolute homelessness refers to “conditions of persons without physical shelter”. Relative homelessness refers to a state in which one has some form of physical shelter but the shelter does not meet the required health and safety standards. For instance, it has poor sanitation and access to water is limited or non-existent. Estimates reveal that over 100 million individuals are homeless worldwide. In the United States of America, the US Department of Housing and Urban Development estimates that about ...

Response to question 1

In outlining similarities and differences between chronic bronchitis and emphysema in terms of anatomical/cellular, chemical, and functional changes, inevitably it would be highlighting differentiations between two conditions affecting the respiratory system.

Major differerences are that there are primary and secondary types of emphysemas classified as panacinary and centroacinary. In panacinary emphysema there is expansion of the entire respiratory acinus beginning from the respiratory bronchiole towards the alveoli. The changes commonly appear at the lower lobes of the lungs and the anterior walls (McCance , Huether, Brashers, & Rote, 2010). Centroacinary emphysema expresses changes in the upper lobe anatomy. There are ...

Introduction

The reflection notion aids academic nurses to practice their profession. The patients’ medical history aids the nurse to prosper. The case study decreases explicit difficulty and complications subsequent to physical examination. It discloses evidence focused conventional medical assessment. The study helps numerous and multifaceted desires of an individual. This study augments both multidisciplinary growth and interdisciplinary growth. Nursing interventions are deeds assumed via a nurse to advance the patient’s treatment course. In numerous countries, specialized nursing establishments have fashioned multifaceted grouping schemes for nursing interventions, generating a consistent system, which can be utilized d by all nurses to offer ...