Essays on Budgetary

General accounts are accounts that record financial transactions that are not specifically restricted to a particular set of accounts or are not necessary to account for in another fund. The general fund is the only one kept and run by governments all over the world. The Special fund accounts records general government transactions that are normally restricted by law or contractual agreements for particular predetermined purpose other than huge capital projects. This accounts will always exists as long as government has resources dedicated to some special programs and projects. In addition, budget preparation is an important process done every ...

Vice president’s comments on cost and schedule variance

The concerns of Spokane’s vice president were valid because the cost and schedule variances had gone up between the second and the third month. The total cost variances for all the work packages in the second month were $14,000, a figure that went up $25,000 in the third month, reflecting a -78% surge in the total cost variances. Also, the scheduled variances indicated by the vice president were correct, as it showed that the period between the second and the third month experienced a 45% slippage on schedules. However, the information on the table is not ...

Achieving optimal staffing levels of nurses especially in the cardiac unit is a huge milestone that would help in minimizing adverse events, increase job satisfaction among nurses and ultimately foster quality outcomes. Hence, this emphasizes the need to develop a comprehensive implementation plan relating to the proposed solution in order to ensure that the intervention is properly integrated into the organizational system and subsequently enhance care delivery. The project is based in a cardiac care unit and shall involve various stakeholders including: the senior hospital administrators, nurse managers and the general nursing staff. Thus, it is important to obtain ...

The Accounting field is a rather vast field that in recent time has been noted to employ quite some people. The field is deemed to be a very famous and prestigious one given the number of students that end up taking accounting classes plus the number of graduates that are churned out from the institutions of higher learning every given year. The growth rate of the field is encouraging, on a brighter note. The diversification in the multiple career options available for the field of accounting provides the basis of discussion for this paper starting off with examples of ...

Chapter 2

Literature review Russia has a very large number of hospitals, physicians, and health care workers as compared to any other country in the world. In spite of this, the medical care fraternity has failed to offer standard and acceptable health care services to its people. Russia has faced a health care system crisis for an extended period since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Significant transformation in the social, economic, and political environment has adversely affected the health care system (Britnell, 2015). The poor health care system in Russia has been precipitated by the lack of medical and technical ...

Module Review

Question one In order to overcome business challenge, planning should be made relevant by defining a budgetary planning that shows what to plan and the procedure to put in place, to realize any element that supports the plan of the budget, and to consider the budget in terms of how the business is running other than the way it is accounted for (Agbejule and Lotta 430). It is also necessary to update the budget time after time, and to apply performance-based framework for organization’s success. Besides, cash flow planning should be considered to show how to use the ...

Business Plan

Business Plan

Executive Summary

A business plan is a particular statement that contains the goals of a business and the way of attainment of these goals. The paper presents a business plan that employs a business strategy in defining the business’s overall goals, management team, staffing of the organization and other factors. This plan ideally presents my idea of establishing a new business venture in the field of health care. Initially, the paper presents a well-detailed description of the business that is to be established. This includes defining the overall objectives of the business the particular products that the business ...

MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING

Introduction Management and financial accounting provide platforms for an organization management to provide informed decision and policies. Organization management uses the budget as the accounting tool in formulation of policies and allocation of resources in different activities. Accounting encompasses the entire body of knowledge that deals with recording and keeping of all financial transactions. It entails identification, recording, classification, verification, and communication of financial information relating to the resources of the organization. On the other hand, financial accounting is a subset of accounting and is concerned with the use of financial data to measure economic performance of the organization. ...

Summary

The book “Where Does the Money Go?” by Scott Biddle and Jean Johnson has been made to reflect the current financial crisis and the extensive legislation passed by the Obama’s administration. The book is unbiased and stable, straightforward, eye-opening, and pleasantly irreverent guide to the federal budget problems. DiBiase (2009) stated that is by no means outdated. It was made when the nationwide debt was only $9 trillion. It talks about the method of setting the federal budget up, where the money derive from, where it goes and the reason the government is spending more that it has. ...

Introduction

The article concentrated on acquiring a superior comprehension of variables that impact the E&P venture administration achievement and corporate money related execution inside Petrobras S.A. The goal of the present study is to get a superior comprehension of variables that impact administration achievement and corporate money related execution of E&P activities. The article speaks to contextual analysis in a Brazilian oil organization, depicting basic variables keeping in mind the end goal to gauge venture administration achievement and corporate money related execution (Salazar-Aramayo et al., 2013, p.589). The model created is a hypothetical develop known as an auxiliary and estimation ...

The end of the Second World War ushered Japan into a completely different era. A new constitution was instituted that made Japan a parliamentary democracy. The constitution recognizes the emperor as a ceremonial leader. Actual activities of the legislative and executive arm of government is to be split between a bicameral parliamentary system (the National Diet) and the Prime Minister who heads a cabinet elected by the National Diet and approved by the Emperor. The Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) led Japan for many decades before they were defeated by a landslide victory by the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) ...

About the report

The objective of this report is to assist One-World Investment Consortium, who is planning to invest £150 million in Thomas Cook PLC, a British global travel company listed on the London Stock Exchange under the ticker sign of ‘TCG’. We duly understand the impact of our professional recommendation on Consortium’s final decision making related to investment, and therefore, we intend to be comprehensive in the approach our analysis. As for the structure of this report, it will be a two-part report. In the first section of the report, we will evaluate the past 5 year(2007-2011) financial performance ...

The journey towards the European Union (EU) integration has experienced several turnings. This section of the essay will detail some of the core turning points in the EU integration. Establishment of a Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) was a major turning point in EU integration. The Treaty of Rome defined the specific objectives of the CAP. The CAP was introduced in 1962 (Folmern.p). The establishment of the CAP was enshrined to the state of food shortages after World War II. The aim of the CAP was to build a common European Community market and to cut off tariffs on agricultural ...

As Chief of Staff, my assignment is to create a response for you on the topic Medicare Crisis. I understand that you have been requested to take an interest in a board dialog and give a reaction concerning the Medicare financing crisis. The board examination will concentrate on the proposition of diminishing Medicare uses by enlisting members in HMO's. The National medical coverage framework for Americans started back with President Teddy Roosevelt, his stage when he kept running for president in 1912 included health care coverage. Roosevelt's thought for a national health arrangement was put on hold until U.S. ...

MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING

Introduction Management and financial accounting provide platforms for an organization management to provide informed decision and policies. Organization management uses the budget as the accounting tool in formulation and allocation of resources in different organization activities. The managers are the custodian of the budgets under the management and financial accounting. Financial statement and records provide viable financial data that helps in organization management especially in decision-making. Therefore, the study focuses on the management and financial accounting and expounding on objectives of the budget in an organization. The study will also provide the need of using variance analysis in organization ...

1.0 Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Background and Rationale of the Research The industry of construction is not only a key player in the national economic growth; but also a crucial sector affecting the economic and social welfare of citizenry, particularly in its primary function in providing reliable and decent shelter. It is viewed as one of the most essential sector to highly contribute to the growth of an entire economy at the provincial, national and international levels (Artto & Kujala, 2008). In the recent years, cost modelling and estimation for construction projects have attracted major attention of several research scholars. ...

The government has three branches, namely the executive, legislative and judiciary, each with distinct powers and authority. Each of these branches are independent from one another but the principle of check and balance allows each branch to intrude within the sphere of authority of another branch. The legislative branch of the government is mainly responsible for the allocation of budget and mainly framing governmental policies, laws and regulations. This is one of the authorities and powers that are mainly lodged within the legislative body of the government. While the law making power of the government is within the exclusive ...

Application of Drone Technology to Facilitate an Effective HIV Diagnostic and Treatment Services to Children in Rural Malawi

Director, Grant Organization Technology to Save Children from HIV is an organization that has been created to serve HIV vulnerable children in rural Malawi through a partnership with ZipLine Drones and UNICEF. Our organization seeks to develop a program aimed at ensuring fast and continuous delivery of HIV test kits, results, and antiretroviral drugs to provide immediate medical attention to HIV positive children. We propose the application of drone technology to facilitate easy and convenient transport of HIV testing supplies, test samples, and medication that has been hampered by the poor state of transport infrastructure in rural Malawi. We ...

Director,

Grant Organization Technology to Save Children from HIV is an organization that has been created to serve HIV vulnerable children in rural Malawi through a partnership with ZipLine Drones and UNICEF. Our organization seeks to develop a program aimed at ensuring fast and continuous delivery of HIV test kits, results, and antiretroviral drugs to provide immediate medical attention to HIV positive children. We propose the application of drone technology to facilitate easy and convenient transport of HIV testing supplies, test samples, and medication that has been hampered by the poor state of transport infrastructure in rural Malawi. We seek $ ...

Abstract

[Doctoral Study Title] [your official name]

BS, [university], 200X Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment [last month of quarter you plan to graduate] 200X

Background

Megaprojects have become a significant issue in the economic and infrastructural development of projects nationwide. An estimated 8% of the global GDP is made up of megaproject related funds and they have become the primary vehicle for the creation and delivery of a variety of social infrastructural projects including “water and energy, information technology, industrial processing plants, mining, supply chains, enterprise systems, strategic corporate initiatives and change programs, mergers and acquisitions, government administrative systems, banking, ...

Abstract

The payer mix in healthcare financing currently comprises of three broad groups that include private insurance, government payers, and private payers. Private insurance covers 61% of the US population and contributes 49% in revenues. Government payers cover 31% of the population and contribute 55% of the revenues while the private payers account for 5% of population and contribute 6% of the revenues. The Affordable Care Act seeks to increase the insurance coverage in the United States. It would increase the contributions from government payer and reduce the default risk associated the private payers. This would also ensure that all ...

Thesis: Small businesses rely on marketing philosophies and creativity and need relevant knowledge to excel. The following articles on small business operation enforce this statement.

Article One: Small Business Adoption of the Marketing Concept vs. Other Business Strategies

Small and established businesses alike adopt styles of doing business to achieve their goal as an entity. These goals are geared toward the prosperity of business, hence the need to a department handling the idea and practice: the marketing department. Businesses tend to adopt a set of ideas that can offer the greatest value to the business. This article refers to theses sets of ideas as business philosophy. This article is expressive of the ...

Introduction

Graduating as a financial student is a significant achievement that guarantees an individual in the broad field of finance. However, financial professional needs to identify a suitable career option and assess which financial institutions have suitable opportunities for new professionals. This paper identifies financial career options that a new financial professional may pursue. The paper also describes the value that each career option adds to a company. Also, the paper identifies some of the important skills that would make a person eligible in each financial position.

Body

Describe two financial career options that a person with a finance education would ...

Communication and Problem Solving Practices in Public Safety Agencies

Abstract Communication and problem solving are necessary for public safety agencies to be effective. Employees cannot adequately respond to disasters if they do not have the correct information or the information at all. Historically, public service agencies have used different communication protocols and equipment. This has resulted in a severe lack of coordination to disasters and emergencies that require the cooperation of different public safety agencies. The September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center and Hurricane Katrina are prime examples of the lack of coordinated communication and problem solving amongst different agencies. New technologies such as geographical ...

Business Accounting Assignment 1: Business Report on Accounting Practices and Financial Standing of Crafty Limited

Introduction Final Accounts are prepared at the accounting cycle in order to determine the financial state of a business during a designated period. Preparation of final accounts include Manufacturing and Trading account statements, Profit and Loss Account sheets and the Balance Sheet. In order to calculate the amount of profit or loss a business entity has generated within a specified period, the Trading, Profit and Loss Account is prepared; since the Balance Sheet provides a snapshot of the assets and liabilities of a business, its interpretation reveals how financially viable the business is currently; while the most important function ...

Executive Summary

The Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) primary point is to build up new bookkeeping gauges and enhance past bookkeeping norms of monetary reporting and money related bookkeeping identified with nongovernmental elements, so they gives exact data to speculators and different clients of budgetary explanations. The paper portrays the FASB current venture identified with protection identified with focused enhancements to the representing long-span protection contracts. The fundamental point of this anticipate is create focused on upgrades to exposures necessities identified with long haul and brief length protection contracts.

Introduction

The Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) has been built up in 1973 ...

Abstract

Aviation is an advanced industry consisting of several interconnected processes that manage the industry. These interconnected departments must constantly work in harmony to achieve the objectives of the organization. In order to adapt to the rapidly changing world of technology and industry, aviation has incorporated project management practices as an integral part of their industry. Project management is a process that applies knowledge, skill, and experience toward the achievement of the objectives of a project. Project management utilizes tools that assist in the efficiency and concise completion of projects. Integrated Change Control is a tool that oversees the integration ...

Many a time have people heard about politicians who do plenty of talking. However, verbal rhetoric is only meaningful when backed by actual deeds aimed at the improvement of what politicians oversee, which is society and its welfare. The incumbent Senate President of New Jersey, Stephen Sweeney is one of such politicians who may be said to utilize his legislative authority to its limit. He has showed his aptitude in areas, such as education, property ownership, taxation, healthcare, and the protection of different social categories. Of course, as with other prominent politicians, however renowned, Sweeney has made some controversial ...

Question 1

The subject matter of electoral systems is the main component that anyone interested in democracy and governance should focus on. For any democratic and representative democracy country, elections play a very critical role in determining those who are going to rule. In essence, elections execute two essential tasks: one is to grant authority to those elected to represent the electorate and also to hold legislators accountable for their actions while in power (O'neil, 2015). Achieving the two goals ultimately relies on the electoral systems which are in place. An electoral system is defined as formal structure and means of ...

Abstract

This study used Al Ahli Bank of Kuwait to complete research on the effects of the global economic crisis on the financial performance of conventional banks in Kuwait over the period from 2000-2015. The study results show that the global economic crisis does not have a statistically significant impact on the financial performance of conventional banks in Kuwait. However, the study finds out that some macroeconomic conditions such as equity and bank size are very crucial to traditional banks’ profitability. Increasing the owner's equity was found to decrease the impact of the financial crisis on the conventional banks in ...

Milestones in Research Project

Budgetary Estimations Salary/Wages Expenses It is estimated that the project will need six subordinate staff members and two technical staff members to team up with me. The subordinate will earn a salary of $1000 per month each translating to $130,000 per an employee for the thirteen months the project will run. All the six subordinate staff members will earn a total of $ 780,000. The two technical staff will earn $ 1,200 each, translating to a total of $31,200 for the entire period.

Transport Allowances

Transport is estimated to be $900 during the first phase and $600 for the ...

Business Plan

Executive Summary 3 1.0 Introduction 4 2.0 Operations plan 5 2.1 Location and facilities 5 2.2 Business processes 6 2.3 Distribution and outsourcing 9 3.0 Organizational plan 10 3.1 Management 11 3.2 Mission 12 3.3 Purpose 13 3.4 Vision 13 3.5 Legal structure 13 3.6 Organizational chart 14 4.0 Marketing plan 16 4.1 Price 16 4.2 Product 17 4.3 Place 19 4.4 Promotion 20 5.0 Financial plan 21 6.0 Growth plan 22 7.0 Contingency and harvest strategy 23 8.0 Timeline to launch the plan 25 9.0 References 28 10.0 Appendices 29

Executive summary

Don’t we all enjoy the experience of ...

Background information

Malaria, a mosquito borne transmissible disease of both human beings and some animals is a pertinent disease in the 21st century which accounts for more than 650, 000 deaths annually (WHO, 1147). The prevalence of malaria is highest in the tropical and subtropical regions. Adverse effects of the disease is an equally major public health issue that affects maternal and child health. In the developing countries, malaria is a leading cause of maternal and child health. Consequentially, it is a pertinent public health disease. This manuscript offers a succinct analysis of the disease while appraising its causative agents, life ...

A majority of Australians suffer from various mental health conditions. Recent researches have shown than quite a number of citizens diagnosed with mental related problems stands at 50% as at 2015 (Perkovic 78). The government is therefore tasked to offer vital mental treatment to protect the productivity of its people and improve the quality of life. Introduction of mental health system reforms have been spearheaded as a means to allow more people to access timely treatment unlike the past where inpatient system dominated the treatment corrido. Government allocation on mental health care has tripled over the past decade. People ...

Introduction:

Foreign bank auxiliaries and full-benefit banks are the main two sorts of foreign bank foundations in Canada that accept savings and investments from Canadian citizens and entities. This paper will attempt a thorough review of the existing foreign banks in operation in Canada, obstacles to their progress, their relative market shares and the general future outlook. Foreign bank auxiliaries are fully registered banks in Canada that are wholly owned by foreign individuals and entities, who are not citizens of or based in Canada. Foreign banks have been allowed to operate in Canada since 1999, before that the Canadian banking ...

Petrecca, L. (2012). 'Supersized' drinks on the way out in NYC. Accessed From http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/story/2012/09/13/supersized-drinks-on-the-way-out-in-nyc/57775970/1

This form of law is almost impossible to regulate on individuals considering that even if the supersized drinks are reduced to the 16-ounce cap, consumers still have the choice to consume more than one cup. A person may also opt to buy sugary drinks from the grocery and convenience stores which would not be affected by such law. To drink or not to drink is solely a personal choice. As such, a law seeking to reduce the quantity of supersized drinks as a way to improve health is myopic. Instead the government should endeavor to change the mentality of the consumers through ...

Unequal reimbursement to Nursing Practitioners (NP) compared to physicians.

I would like to address the state and federal health officials over the unequal reimbursement to Nursing Practitioners (NP) compared to physicians. The present situation is that NP are reimbursed up to 15% less for provision of primary care services while physicians get 100% of the total cost incurred. This is despite the fact that there is no clear justification for this kind of discrimination. NPs provide the same quality services, and in cases which require personal communication, even better care than physicians. The healthcare reimbursement system should be changed to promote equality and fairness among all primary healthcare ...

Executive Summary

The purpose of this research is to try and examine factors that influence business performance of SMEs. The aim of this study is to give the seeing on how individuals ought to begin their business by taking an evaluation at all the elements affecting business performance. Thus help to lessen the danger of disappointment and expand possibilities of success. The study inspected eight variables that impact the SMEs business achievement. These components are SMEs trademark, administration and expertise, items and administrations. (SMEs) Is acknowledged internationally as an apparatus for enabling the citizenry and economic development. It has been connected ...

Q1. Government agencies and organizations that discourage whistleblowing do so at their own peril. If a bureau’s employees are unable to raise concerns on wrongdoing in their area of work, a scandal is going to erupt in the media. This could throw its reputation into tatters. Organizational leaders as an evolutionary well governance advancement in management are continually adopting policies that encourage whistleblowing. To this end, therefore, whistleblowing is the act of an employee alerting their employer, a media person, a customer or a regulator about an illegal activity taking place at their work place. Its popularity among public sector agencies is ...

Amortization of prior service cost listed under pension expense is an example of a fixed cost. Fixed costs remain unchanged due to changes in operations and this cost remains unchanged at $ 15 million in both 2012 and 2013 financial years. Amortization involves the paying off of a debt through a fixed schedule in regular installments. Interest costs are another example of fixed costs. This is because financing costs are fixed based on the rate agreed for repayment of debt. Any changes in the operations of an organization will not affect the amount of repayment costs paid out to both short term and ...

Exchange rates act as conversion basis between two or more currencies that vary in their values. The difference that exists between both currencies is what demands a substantial conversion rate. Ideally, the current conversion rate is deemed to be 9.9 -13.9. The two currencies which are deemed to be subject in the conversion are the United States Dollars and the Pesos. Ideally, the currencies are a member of the global currencies that are used in economic transactions within and outside the country. Therefore, there is a state and rate at which trade takes place between the two currencies. It is wrong for ...

Introduction

This paper has a sole aim to connect the features of a good training program in relation to other factors like the returns on investment and budgetary considerations in a profit maximizing business. The paper presents that a good training is conscious of the budget, the returns and has its focus on improving productivity and output of the employee base. Through researching on existing literature, this paper will aim to get a better clarification and understanding of the impact good training has on both the employee benefits and the company’s long run agenda.

Budgetary Considerations

Training bears various considerable influences on the finances of the ...

Submit a draft of an event budget for the event you have chosen for your final project (Wedding). Your event budget will indicate the needed funds to operate the event. Submit a draft of the event budget for your course project.

The final project undertaken is the wedding event. Since the program is done at the personal level the event is not-for-profit event and the inflow of fund is exactly matched with the outflow of fund. Here the income for the event is inflow of fund out of which total expenses is made. There is no markup percentage in-between of the ...

Non Financial Performance Indicators

Financial measures of performance may mislead the stakeholders because they only tells us about the performance of prior periods but in order to gain a wider perspective of performance the following Non Financial performance Indicators would be appropriate;

Competitiveness

The company should evaluate its sales growth by products and services in order to understand its market share and size of customer base. There is a possibility that company has more expertise in the assembling of plumbing parts. The import of final products is a general business and always has threats from new entrants. It is also necessary for a company to find out its ...

Budgeting is the process of planning on measures to accomplish programs related to objectives of an organization. Government officials adopted the public budgeting to allocate the scarce resources to achieve the government’s goals at a given period. Public budgets serve a vital role in governance of a country. Public budgets are contracts agreed upon by both the legislative and executive officials to raise and spend funds on public projects, within a fiscal year, usually from July 1st to June 30th. Irene Rubin argues that accountability and acceptability of a public budget is hard to achieve among the public administrators, and the government needs ...

The cost which the organization incurs the production and acquisition of products and services which it intends to sell is very important. The pricing strategy of the organization is significantly affected by costs. Therefore, costs designed to tackle the challenges of the economic and the noneconomic factors very efficiently. The objective of the costing models is to categorize the factors of the marketing objectives of the company and the mission of the company (Gitman, 2003).

Accurately determination of cost is important in organization to remain profitable. Costing does not only require including direct and indirect cost associated with business ...

Introduction

Budgeting is regarded as a business management device that is used by various institutions in order to control their spending and maximize profitability. The budgetary analysis model analysis assists in evaluating the annual budget, which shows the planned expenditures, hence able to determine the institution’s revenue objectives. By formulating a thorough budget, department such as Radiology department, is in a better position to make critical decisions about choosing the most important expenditures and eliminating those expenditures that are not important (Palmer 2012).

Therefore, the management has to effectively apply the budgetary variation model to determine the unfavorable and favorable variances. In ...

1.The Institute of Medicine suggests that every healthcare organization should focus on providing care that is safe, effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient, and equitable. Discuss methods in which these values may be incorporated into the budget strategizing process.

The values of safe, effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient, and equitable care should be incorporated into the organization’s mission. The mission forms the base for the formulation of strategic plans, strategic goals, and objectives. These components of strategic management then form the basis for the formulation of financial plans. In effect, therefore, incorporation of these values into a health care organization’s mission ...

A debt policy statement, which is also known as the long-term obligation policy, can be defined as a part of a comprehensive financing policy that shows evidence of an institution's commitment to infrastructure needs via a planned schedule of expected future financing. The key objective of this statement is to assess the conduciveness of the debt management strategy to mitigate budgetary perils and facilitate long-term debt sustainability. The key objective of a debt policy statement is to develop a framework that will guide decisions pertaining management and use of debt. In order to meet this goal, the statement should, therefore, contain several key ...

Question 1.

The finance and budget constraints placed by the California government to its local government includes the revenue collection and revenue transfers. The local authority is supposed to collect revenues over a defined region. The revenue collected is required to be transferred to the state budget and financial authority for allocation. The local authority is required to use revenue transferred from the government, to finance its expenses. The state has an established a revenue transfer system that helps to monitor the revenue use at the local level. This helps the state to meet its budget expectations. The highest local expenditure which is ...

Plea bargaining occurs when the prosecuting attorney and the defendant agree that the accused should accept they are guilty in a specific charge and the attorney to reduce the charges or the sentence they had requested the jury. It is necessary to note that plea bargaining only applies in criminal cases. As a result of a plea bargain, the accused accepts guilt in a lesser charge than the one they had been accused of. For example, a plea bargain would result in the defendant pleading guilty to manslaughter when in the first instance they had been accused of murder. In return for the defendant’ ...

In small economies such as Ireland, the traded sector is normally the leading sector for any economic development. In any bid to resurrect the economy from the depression which we have recently experienced, all reforms are aimed to surge the private sector so that the population can be able sustain itself.

The government of Ireland in their efforts to resurrect the economy has been working with the IMF and the EU in making the progress on the European policy reforms including the banking union which is very critical to the European and global confidence. The government negotiated with the ...

Managerial Accounting

A cash budget records the cash inflows and outflows expected to occur in the respective functional year. It suffices for the purposes of estimating, planning and laying control for the use of the cash flows of the company for the functional year. The cash budget preparation and development employs the technique that approaches budgeting through the functional units. The budgeting process, as such, involves the estimation of the expected cash inflows and cash outflows for the respective functions in the company. The budgeting process integrates the concepts of accruals and prepayments. The expected accruals and prepayments that would fall ...

Memorandum on Successful Reforms in Missouri

The family represents the smallest most important unit in any society, and the progress and development of any society depends on the state of this unit of society. The success of any civilization is based on the standard of life of its people and especially how it manages its at-risk populations. These are the most vulnerable in society and who depend on some assistance to lead a decent life. In Missouri, the Department of Social Services (DSS) works together with the Department of Health and the Department of Mental Health to serve these vulnerable populations (Busey, 2001). However, a plethora of ...

The making of decisions is one of the oldest mysteries. Often, people are judged by the decisions they make. The opaque nature of decision-making has led to many theories. According to one of the oldest theories, the ability to think rationally is what makes human beings different from animals. When deciding, an individual should look past the emotions and think through the problem carefully. According to Plato, human being are part animal but are also capable of reason and oversight, having the gift of rationality (Lehrer, 2009).

Decisions in the work place are often left to the managers, team-leaders ...

Question 1:

Michigan’s State budget (Snyder & Nixon, 2012) falls under the incremental budgeting classification that is also known as traditional budgeting (Jacobs, Hélis & Bouley, 2009). In the budget, it is clear from an excerpt from The Detroit News editorial of January 17, 2011 that there was a call for Michigan’s leaders to change the usual adoption of previous years’ income/ expenditure and making fine adjustments to an overhaul of the whole budget, leaving nothing untouchable (Snyder & Nixon, 2012, p. A-8). The State of Texas’ budget (Dewhurst & Straus, 2011) also falls under this category of traditional budgeting classification (Jacobs, ...

Questions over Case Study 11.1

Identify the weaknesses in each strategy. (Hint: How do you think the bond rating agencies reacted to California’s 2003 budget?) The first dangerous strategy identified was -Delay maintenance and replacement of assets—and rely on hope (Starling, 2011). The weakness of this strategy is, in addition to posing a physical threat to the people who can be harmed by these delays, poses a very real threat to the budget. More specifically, Osborn an Hutchison (2004a) note that “avoidance becomes addictive, and the real problems fester and grow, ultimately requiring even more painful solutions (p.29)” The second dangerous strategy ...

The Dallas County Commissioners Court serves as both the legislative and executive authority for Dallas County. The court is comprised of four members, namely four commissioners and a county judge. The four commissioners each represent one of the four county districts and are chosen separated by the voters of each district. The county judge is chosen by the voter of the full county and serves as the head of the Commissioners Court. Unlike in other parts of the state, the Dallas County Commissioners Court does not exercise any judicial powers. As a sub-state institute, the Court can only exercise the specific ...

Abstract

The calamity at the Bhopal Union Carbide manufacturing plant in 1984 is still one of the world's deadliest modern catastrophes. It is settled that in its prompt outcome a large number of individuals passed away as a consequence of the inhalation of dangerous vapor. A great extent of these passings were most likely because of intense respiratory harm. The presence, nature and degree of ceaseless respiratory ailment in the survivors is far less entrenched. The consequences of the contextual investigation depicted emphatically in numerous reports, recommends that such illnesses exist independently of the foundation of infection in the city's populace. The ...

Islamic banking performance and risks in MENA

1. Introduction Islamic finance was only a dream 50 years ago became reality now. Nevertheless, it is one of the fastest growing industries currently as well as it showed some strength at the time of Global Financial crisis (2007-2009). These features and others made Islamic banks a feasible and viable alternative for conventional banking system. Although Islamic Banking showed good signs but they faced and still facing some challenges (Risks). This paper revises the current risks faced by Islamic Banks especially in MENA region. Additionally, it’s going to measure their performance in these countries. Finally it will classify ...