Essays on Caliphs

In December 2016, the US Secretary of State stated that, Israel would either have to be a Jewish State that does not intrude into Palestinian “land” or it should be democratic whereby Palestinians would be given equal rights as dignified citizens of one-state of Israel. This was something many Republicans and Conservatives found to be negative and Anti-American. The purpose of this paper is to argue that the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians cannot be solved. This paper will use elements of persuasion to establish a case to prove that America must stay away from imposing its will on ...

There is a wide accepted concept that after centuries of development, the Muslim world began to decline in the 15th century. Did it really decline? In this work I would like to illustrate the main trends of developments of the Muslim world in early 15 – early 20 century. We know that in part of the second millennium, and for five centuries later there were many Asian invasions in other regions of the world, wide expansion (Seljuk, Arab, Turkish). But then the stagnation began. Since the "golden age" of the Abbasid Empire, it has not changed territorially. And large areas ...

Discussion Questions

Although the Umayyads achieved great success during their reign, they never had the support of the whole empire. Cracks started emerging, especially for the newly conquered regions made up of Non-Arab Muslims. Most of their caliphs were not elected through popular vote nor were they elected by respected community leaders (Alkhateeb). Again, the Umayyads began losing the support of newly converted Muslims because of treating them differently from other Muslims (Alkhateeb). They treated them differently by imposing a tax, as though they were not converts. That was against the teachings of Prophet Muhammad, who preached equality of all the ...

- The Ibadis believed that Caliphs were tyrants. - They disassociated themselves with all of the Caliph’s except `Umar b. `Abd al-`Aziz. - When Mu`awiyah became Caliph a new era of Islam with Umayyad reign began. - The independence of Oman was expected to change due to the new rule. - Oman and the new Caliph had no relationship at all. - The rulers of the two nations did not see each other as any kind of threat so they did not see sense in using valuable military resources in any kind ...

1) The phenomenon of military slavery became nearly universal from Egypt to Central Asia in the medieval period. Many Europeans were shocked at the thought that the roles held by kings, nobility, and aristocracy were held by soldiers of such humble beginnings. Discuss this phenomenon, what accounted for it and why did it become so widespread?

Most of the existing work that has been published about slavery focuses on the transportation of slaves into Europe and the extreme west across the Atlantic Ocean into America. However, records of the booming Sahara-Indian Ocean Slavery business that existed since the seventh ...

Analysis of the Historical Characteristics of Islam before 1500 C.E.

Islam is the second largest religion in the world. As of 2000, the number of Muslims in the world was estimated to be more than 1.2 billion people or 22% of the world’s population (Strayer, 2011). Islam is gaining more adherents and spreading to various parts of the world that were hitherto considered as being exclusive to certain religions. In the United States for instance, there are more than 1,200 mosques in which more than 8 million American Muslims worship (Strayer, 2011). With such a strong presence in the world it is important to review the historical characteristics of ...

The religion that I follow is Islam. The basic tenets of Islam include believing in the All Mighty, and following those instructions that were set forth by the beloved Prophet Hazrat Mohammad (S.A.W). At present Islam is amongst the top religion that is being followed and it finds its followers in every part of the world. Islam originated from the land of Arabia in the 7th century A.D. the prominent places of initiation were Medina and Mecca. It originated in the backdrop of a society that was marred by all kinds of social, moral evils. It came as a defiant ...

If to take a look at the phenomenon of Islamic civilization, mainly at the architecture, urban planning and poetry, the importance of art in the Islamic world becomes clear. Great masterpieces of Islamic civilization, Islamic architecture in the clearest way answer the question of what Islam is. These buildings have in their proportionality, harmony, tranquility and serenity the most important features of the Islamic message to people. Of course, all kinds of Islamic art: architecture, fabric production, etc., borrowed many of the technologies and methods from different civilizations, in particular, from Ancient Iran and Byzantium. But all of them ...

The term “Salafism” has been derived from Arabic word Salaf having meaning “the past”. It shows the time of caliphs in Islamic history who applied the Prophetic model by following Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) in his footsteps and presented this correct way of life to people. So all those Muslims who were guided by these caliphs and they lived their life as per Prophetic model also became part of salaf. Islam spread under the authority of different Muslim dynasties from Ummayad to Abbasid. Salfism took theological meaning and then it was known as ahlal-Hadith during caliphate of Abbasid. During his ...

The essay will discuss the death and burial narratives that associate with Adam, the first human being in the Islamic religious literature called Qisas al-ambiya or Stories of the Biblical prophets (Boeschoten and Vandamme 107). The stories relate to the discursive religious communities that articulate political identities. The author examines the reburials of political figures in Eastern Europe preceding the collapse of Russian Empire. The paper provides an argument concerning Islamic narratives on the death and burial of Biblical figures such as Adam that redefine and reinstitutes boundaries to identify and distinguish Muslims and other religious sects. The paper ...

Prophet Muhammad ibn Abd Allah has been able to carry on Islam religion during (ca. 570-632) in western Arabia. After the death of the prophet, caliphs have succeeded him as leaders that claimed political authority over the Muslim community. The period of the caliphate, Islam as a religion has undergone civilization around the world. The Near East period captures the historical view of Islam in its early development. In the historical setting around the sixth century, two empires controlled Arabia these included Byzantine Empire in the west and the Sasanian Empire in the East. Small players in the political ...

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Introduction

During the 1200s, Islam has proven itself as a dominant religion throughout parts of Asia, Europe and Africa, now collectively known as the Middle East. Islam has encountered numerous challenges to its integrity, particularly from the Roman Catholics through the Holy Crusades, which eventually collapsed during the late 1100s through the Islamic liberation of Jerusalem. The Islamic civilization proved groundbreaking not just in religious affairs, but also in terms of establishing intellectual potency and political strength within all influenced territories. The city of Baghdad, now the capital of present-day Iraq, stood as ...

Islam’s origin was with the Prophet Muhammad in 612 C.E. when he began preaching his revelations from God; he did not believe he was founding a new religion, “but that he was merely bringing the old faith in the One God to the Arabs, who had never had a prophet before” (Armstrong 4). The beginnings of Islam were not without great difficulties, such as a ban on trade with Muslims, and it was not until the hijrah, or migration to Medina around 622 C.E. that Muhammad was finally “able to implement the Quranic ideal fully and that Islam became a factor in ...