Fear messages have been of importance within the nursing profession over the years and were even responsible for the reduction of the use of substance abuse in communities. Substances abuse is discouraged in many communities owing to their negative effects on the general health of an individual (DiBello, Neighbors, & Ammar, 2015). It is because of these adverse consequences that the nursing and health sector, in general, decided to come up with creative ideas to curb the menace. One of the commonly used strategies in this field is the formulation of fear messages to scare away the drug users from ...
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Validity in Research Design
Validity in Quantitative Research Designs Validity refers to the degree to which physical evidence supports an experimental concept or conclusion. In statistics, it refers to the level of confidence that researchers hold on a particular causal effect of an experiment. The most common challenges to internal validity in the research design occur from the selection process of target population as well as the sample size (Yuan et al., 2009).In particular, the selection process in the article reflects only persons who have volunteered for the research. Ideally, this represents a threat to internal validity since the individuals used in ...
Quantitative Study
Vamos, E. P. et al. (2012). Association of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and all cause mortality in people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: retrospective cohort study. British Medical Journal, 1-10. Retrieved from: http://www.bmj. com/conte nt / bmj/345/bmj.e5567.full.pdf
Research Problem and Purpose
Vamos et al. (2012) posit that maintaining a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg is recommended for the population diagnosed with hypertension, and an even lower blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg is recommended for people with chronic conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, clarity on the effects of the blood pressure on all-cause mortality is currently lacking.
Hypotheses and Research Questions
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