Essays on Carbohydrate Metabolism

Abstract

Regretfully, diagnosis of diabetes is very common nowadays. Diabetes has become a worldwide epidemic and one of the leading causes of premature morbidity and mortality because it often leads to amputation of limbs, loss of sight, kidney failure and provokes cardiovascular disease. However, it is not that hard to suspect a high risk of developing diabetes or the disease itself before the analysis of blood sugar levels. Many of the signs of diabetes are visible to the naked eye. Paying attention to them in timely manner can avoid the severe consequences of the disease. Patients with diabetes can lead ...

Vid30 complex participation in the degradation of CDC25 in yeast and their role in Ras/ cAMP/ PKA pathway

Background: Unicellular organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae in its total life cycle is exposed to diverse and changing nutrient conditions. Thus, in order to survive and achieve a competitive advantage, it has adapted itself such that it not only uses the wide range of available nutrient sources but also the sources that are nutrient rich. It mainly uses fructose and glucose by rapidly fermenting to alcohol. In response to these nutrient conditions, the intracellular trafficking transcription and turnover of protein from nutrient transporters (e.g. Hxts) get regulated. Therefore, when the availability of the glucose increases, the expression of low- ...

The Major Anatomical regions, landmarks, directions and cavities of the liver

The liver is considered as the heart of the digestive system. In humans, the liver is present in the upper right quadrant pf the abdominal cavity. The liver lies below the diaphragm. The gallbladder is covered by the liver to some extent. It is a vital organ that plays an important role in the production of chemicals for digestion in humans. The liver is divided in to two lobes, the left and the right lobe respectively. The two lobes are separated by the imaginary plan called the Cantlie's line. The liver is connected by two large blood vessels, the portal ...

Q. 1. Explain how gel filtration chromatography (size exclusion chromatography) separates molecules on the basis of their mass/size.

A. In gel filtration, porous beads are packed into a column. The pores are of different size. The column is then packed with a buffer solution. This buffer solution is present inside the beads as well as around it. When molecules of different size pass through the columns, the smaller molecules pass through the pores and take a longer path. The larger molecules, however, travel around the beads. Thus, larger molecules travel faster than the ...

- Explain how enzymes are involved in processes such as the breakdown of fructose Enzymes are organic catalysts. In this context, organic denotes the matter in question is generated or is obtained from a living life form. The word Catalyst indicates a matter that has the aptitude to boost a chemical reaction’s rate, and is neither transformed nor damaged by the reaction that it speeds up.

Many chemical reactions occur but a slow rate that their progress would seem to be imperceptible at normally encountered environmental temperature. However, the enzymes are specific to certain functions. Generally, they may speed up a reaction, ...

#1. Observations Human beings are morphologically diverse. Compared to other primates, human beings show less variation. We differ considerably in our external appearances (eye color, hair color, skin color, hair texture, skin texture, blood group types- A,B, AB and O, height, build, facial features, etc) and our physiology. However despite all these variations, the genome of each and every human being is 99 percent identical (Lai CQ, 2010). It is also interesting to note that humans and chimpanzees share 98 percent of the genome. The study of these genetic variations is very important to geneticists. The allelic ...

Introduction

Obesity and overweight have been classified as global and serious conditions that have an adverse effect on the human health. Obesity and overweight conditions are defined as excessive or abnormal accumulation of fat that may negatively affect health. In adults the obesity and overweight are measured by the body mass index (BMI), which is simple weight-for-height index (WHO, 2014). The BMI is computed by the ratio of the individual's body weight to the square of body height, indicated in Kg/m2 (WHO, 2014). According to W.H.O., (World Health Organisation), a BMI equal or above 25 is considered as overweight while a BMI ...

Abstract

Gestational diabetes (GDM) can be defined as a kind of diabetes observed in pregnancy. It can be described as intolerance to glucose or elevated glucose level initiated or recognized in pregnancy, usually in the second or third trimester. Gestational diabetes affects almost 5-7% of all pregnancies in the US annually.

Gestational diabetes: pathophysiology, etiology, signs and symptoms, interventions, prognosis, and a nursing approach

Gestational diabetes (GDM) can be defined as intolerance to glucose or elevated glucose level initiated or recognized in pregnancy, usually in the second or third trimester. Gestational diabetes affects almost 5-7% of all pregnancies in the US annually. This implies that approximately 200000 women in the US have to deal ...