Essays on Cardiovascular Disease

A total of 57 million deaths were reported worldwide in 2008, and the majority of those deaths were caused by either non-cardiovascular diseases (36 million; 63%) or cardiovascular diseases (17.3 million; 30%) according to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2011). The highest mortality rates are associated with ischemic heart diseases and cerebrovascular diseases, which account for 45% and 29% of the cardiovascular-related deaths in men and 37% and 33% of cardiovascular-related deaths in women, respectively (see Figure 1). Ischemic heart disease is considered the most common cardiovascular cause of death as it accounts for 7.6 million deaths worldwide (Institute ...

Main Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease

According to the World Heart Federation (WHF, 2016), the majority of cardiovascular disease (CVD)’s etiology stems from risk factors that can easily be controlled or managed or modified although a few other risk factors cannot be controlled. For that matter, the risk factors can be grouped into two broader categories (I) modifiable factors and (II) non-modifiable factors. For the modifiable factors, they include hypertension, cholesterol, unhealthy diets, obesity and overweight, physical inactivity, and the use of tobacco (WHF, 2016). On the other hand, the non-modifiable factors include age; the risk of CVD increases with age because as a ...

Introduction

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) involves peripheral circulation, the brain, and the heart. The disease is a primary health issue in many countries around the world (Sawhney, et al., 2012). CVD develops through complex processes involving novel risk markers and common risk factors. Decades of research have demonstrated that a sibling’s or parent’s family history is linked to the development of atherosclerotic CVD (Gupta et al., 2013; Nelson, 2013; Imes and Lewis, 2014), which manifests as peripheral arterial disorder, stroke, and coronary heart disorder (CHD). Various Mendelian disorders have also been shown to contribute to atherosclerotic CVD. Although ...

Heart disease, otherwise known as coronary artery disease, is a name given to a side array of conditions that impact the heart. These disease include arrhythmias, congenital heart defects, and. At times, heart disease has been called cardiovascular disease as if the two refer to the same issue. While they both involved the heart and human body, they are not the same. Heart disease refers to the aforementioned issues, among others, while cardiovascular disease refers to blocked, clogged, or narrowing blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease can often lead to an angina, a heart attack, general chest pain, or even a ...

Introduction

Health policy can be defined as a plan or decision combined with actions to achieve specific healthcare goals by implementing key strategies within the society (WHO, 2016). As per the World Health Organization (WHO), an explicit health policy is known to be associated with several success factors such as development of a vision for the future and establishment of key targets for the short and long-term. Health policies enable organizations, institutes, societies, and groups to define outline, propose new goals, and inculcate different roles across various healthcare sectors (Záliš, et al. 2016). Healthcare policies are known to unite ...

Diabetes mellitus is said to be one of the most medical conditions in many places around the world, affecting around 347 million adults in the year 2013 alone (Pal et al., 2013, p.2). Out of this number, as much as 90 percent of them have type 2 diabetes, which is a complex medical condition, as it can lead to heart attacks and heart strokes (Pal et al., 2013, p.2). In the year 2010 however, almost half of those who were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus are within the 20-60 age group that has a 2-to-4-fold increased risk of having cardiovascular ...

It is essential to create a health maintenance and screening plan that is designed to prevent potential health problems, and to identify complications as they develop. The U.S. Preventive Services Taskforce offers detailed recommendations for individuals of different age, gender, and health classes, in order to guide them to make the best medical decisions possible. The following is a health maintenance and screening plan, designed for a 57 year old male. When creating the health maintenance plan, it is important to consider the individuals unique health situation, including risk factors, age, weight, and a variety of other sets of ...

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)

CVD includes all ailments of the heart and circulatory system, including angina and heart attack. Other CVD diseases include carditis, cardiomyopathy, and congenital heart disorder. Edmunds (2014), states that CVD develops when there is plaque build-up on vessel walls. The mechanism of CVD differs significantly depending on the disease involved. For instance, coronary artery ailment includes atherosclerosis, and may occur due to hypertension, smoking, overweight, high-fat diet or diabetes. Despite the high deaths caused by CVD, it is approximated that 90 percent of CVDs are preventable (McGill, McMahan, and Gidding, 2008). Atherosclerosis can be decreased by controlling the risk ...

Framingham Heart Study

The Framingham Heart Study was first conducted in 1948 in the small town of Framingham, Massachusetts under the direction of the National Heart Institute. The objective of the study was to identify the common factors that contributed to cardiovascular. The disease at the time was the leading cause of death and serious illness in the United States yet little was known about it. Researchers recruited 5,209 men and women residents of the town between the ages of 30 and 62 years and began a detailed physical examination and lifestyle interviews (World Health Organization, 2007). The participants in the ...

Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death in developed and industrialised nations owing to sedentary and unhealthy lifestyle. Diabetes accounts for over 5 million deaths around the globe annually (Bhutani & Bhutani S. 2014). Diabetes can be controlled and complications arising due to diabetes can be prevented or controlled; however, due to the lack of awareness and education, most people suffer from chronic complications such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, and hypertension. Based on current evidence, early detection and control is a recommended intervention in reducing the morbidity and mortality of the disease. There has been significant advancements in ...

The cardiovascular system consists of blood, the heart, and the circulatory system, which includes veins, arteries, and capillaries. The function of these organs is to transport oxygen from the lungs to cells throughout the body. Each organ system in the body is essential in providing homeostasis in the human body. However, the actions of the cardiovascular system are critical to human life. Many physicians, scientists, and other professionals dedicate their life to the understanding of the cardiovascular system and its diseases so that people can live longer and more productive lives. This paper will discuss the general anatomy of ...

Abstract

There are several heart illnesses which cause a large number of deaths from stroke, coronary artery disease, aortic and peripheral illnesses. The treatment of the illnesses requires a huge amount of funds and time. Therefore, there is the need to improvise or innovate new ways to prevent or detect it on earlier. The sophisticated mechanism needs to be put in place to analyze medical data to give signs of the illness through the application of analytic algorithms to provide definite signs. Technology is evolving bringing about significant changes in the medical industry, especially in electronic health records. It has ...

Introduction

Diabetes impacts the body’s capacity to secrete or utilize insulin, a hormone that regulates the level of sugars in the blood. Possible complications that occur due to diabetes include heart attack, cardiovascular disease, and kidneys failure. This research paper analyzes how diabetes impacts the human body.

Circulatory system

Diabetes contributes to the disposition of fats in the blood vessels over time. The fat deposits may inhibit blood circulation and result in hardening the blood vessels, a condition known as atherosclerosis. Baoge and Tao (2015) assert that atherosclerosis is a vital pathologic cause of cardiovascular disease. Also, inhibited blood circulation may ...

Abstract

The composition of the foods people consume has a significant influence on their health. Whole certain components in certain foods offer protection against the development of certain disease conditions, the consumption of other components at certain levels might predispose one to certain diseases and disease conditions. The processing industries have a role to inform the consumer of the ingredients in their food products. This is necessary for the consumer to make informed decisions about their dietary choices. This requirement is enforced by the role through regulations passed by government agencies. Even then, certain compounds that are present in processed ...

[Your Name Appears Here] [Your section appears here] [Professor’s name appears here] [Date Appears Here]

Heart is one of the most important part of the body. It performs many vital functions that are essential for life. Without the functioning of heart there is no life. Heart is also considered as the pumping organ of the body. The main function of heart is to pump the blood throughout the body ("The Heart (Human Anatomy): Picture, Definition, Location In The Body, And Heart Problems"). Inside the body blood is considered as the most important mean of transport of oxygen ...

The first indication of menopause is a broken thermostat. It’s either that or your weight. In any case, if you don’t do something, you could be dead by August.“ - D.B.Frank Discuss health challenges experienced by women in the menopause transition with reference to current aetiological theories, underlying mechanisms, and how it affects women’s lives.

Introduction

Menopause occurs when a woman reaches the age at which she is no longer in her reproductive prime. However, menopause does not have a sudden onset; rather, it occurs gradually over time as hormone balances shift. This period of time, when ...

Introduction

Stating the student learning outcomes -Critical thinking -Therapeutical Nursing Intervention -Effective communication -Professional behavior

Planned actions to achieve the outcomes

Target dates to achieve each outcome The duration take to complete each outcome Body Project title, description and the impact of the project -Title -Target group -Healthy People 2020 topic -Implementation dates of the project -Objectives of the project -Impact of the project on community

Behavioral objectives

-Number of adults aged 20 and more able to identify the signs and symptoms of heart attack and use 911 -Trained persons in cardiopulmonary resuscitation -Number of adults able to identify signs and symptoms of stroke and use 911 - ...

Focusing solely on the map and two graphs that contain data for Colorado, the most feasible research proposal to develop would be one that answers the question “is there a correlation between health, level of income, and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease among various population based on income groups in Colorado”. When developing a research question, narrowing it down based on several criteria is among the hardest steps to accomplish. However, this was made easier in this case thanks to the defined availability of data. So far, three groups of data were already available and so the most sensible ...

Developmental Tasks of Young Adulthood

Young adulthood developmental tasks are primarily centered on family, occupation, and social life. The first task is creating an initial adult identity, second is establishing independence, third is assuming responsibility, fourth is broadening social skills, and the final task is nurturing intimacy (Arnett & Turner, 2009). Broadening social skills is necessary for young adults to accomplish nurturing intimacy. This is because as the young adults develop their dependable and appropriate social skills and gain the ability to interact in different social settings. These social settings include different community groups that a young adult becomes a member and also marriage.

Functions of Fat in the Body

Fats ...

Introduction

Thesis: Unhealthy lifestyle habits are the main reason for the increasing rates of cardiovascular disease. Research question: What are the causes of the increasing rates of cardiovascular disease? Research aim: The aim of the research is to provide solutions to reduce the rates of cardiovascular disease. Research objectives: The first research objective is to examine the risk factors for the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. The second research objective is to evaluate the impact of the increasing rates of cardiovascular disease on society.

Literature review

The literature review involves examining the perspectives of different scholars regarding cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease refers to ...

Should Junk Food Be Sold In Public Schools

Issue: Some public schools say that sugar and salt have no significant effect to our health, and keep selling junk food. Research institutes say that sugar and salt lead to higher chances of obesity and other health problems. Thesis: We will argue that public schools should stop selling junk food; the results will be serious health problems for students in these schools. If junk food keeps being sold in public schools (s), then serious health problems are bound to arise. (o). s → o

If serious health problems arise (o), then fewer children will come to school (m).

If junk food is still sold in public schools (s), then fewer children will come to ...

The Disease/Condition

This essay focuses on a study done by Luepker et al. in the year 1994. The study was entitled Community Education for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Risk Factor Changes in the Minnesota Heart Health Program. Specifically, the study focussed on the efficacy of the Minnesota Heart Health Program in reducing incidents of cardiovascular diseases in Minnesota. The public intervention program was carried out after it became evident that cardiovascular diseases, particularly coronary heart diseases, were on the rise in most developed nations, including the United States (Luepker et al., 1994, p.1383). One of the government initiatives developed to counter the ...

The article, One in Three Deaths from Cardiovascular Disease is Preventable, by Dr. Mercola, is an eye opener for all those who take health for granted (Mercola, 2016). Noncommunicable diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and allergies, affect a significant number of Americans. The number of people succumbing to non-communicable diseases are more than those who succumb to communicable diseases. The most unfortunate part of the story is that, a majority of these non -communicable diseases are preventable. A person’s lifestyle can invite or repel these diseases. When we look at the trend of diseases that affected mankind over ...

Cardiovascular disease remains a major life threating disease facing many American communities. The risk is higher in the underserved communities especially in the remote parts of the country which west (2014) attributes to insufficient health education. According to Ewy, managing director of the University of Arizona Sarver Heart center, there has been a decline in the number of cardiovascular diseases related deaths from 40% to the current 34% of the total deaths in the America. The improvement has been attributed to timely treatment of causal diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure among other heart diseases that continue to ...

The patient presented in this case suffers from metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of health problems that is associated with the presence of obesity and tissues resistance to insulin. The metabolic syndrome is a condition that causes a myriad of problems in the body such that the body becomes incapable of maintaining the circulation of the useful energy molecules such as glucose and lipids in the right quantities in the bloodstream (Huang, 2009). Other associated disorders of metabolic syndrome include high blood pressure and dyslipidemia. The lipid problem is characterized by elevated levels of triglycerides and ...

Introduction/ Thesis

Ethanol is the main ingredient in alcohol. It is also the ingredient that makes a person drunk and can be found in grapes and grains after they have been fermented and their sugars digested by yeasts. The ethanol in alcohol can have a number of powerful effects on a person’s mind and body. The use of alcohol can lower inhibitions by reducing shyness allowing them to act more freely, this can result in them doing things that they later regret. This paper will argue that despite the negative cogitations that surround alcohol consumption that there are positive benefits ...

Healthy behaviors play a key role in daily life. Yet, certain unhygienic practices tend to interfere with the health and induce a risk to the overall life. These practices could be high-fat diet, alcohol, and smoking. There is a need to know much about these. In such context, the present description deals with a topic “ What will kill you first, a smoking, a high-fat diet or alcohol?”.

Health -related risk factors:

A risk factor is any quality, trademark or presentation of a person that improves the probability of building up an ailment or damage. A few illustrations of the more vital danger elements ...

The main criteria for differentiation between governmental, quasi-governmental and voluntary health agencies are the funding sources and system, subjects of administration. Their common aim is to develop a community’s ability to solve the health-related issues effectively. Governmental agencies build up an inherent sector of the entire governmental structure, managed by the state officials and funded by tax dollars. Quasi-governmental agencies represent a mixed form of administration, that comprises some official tasks and responsibilities, partially governmental funding, but at the same time are able to operate independently. As for the nongovernmental health agencies, they receive their donations only from ...

Vegetarianism

Vegetarianism Vegetarianism or veganism as some may call it means much more than just a paradigm shift to veggies and other non-animal foods. There is a general belief that veganism is just a dietary choice. However, reality implies a different idea contrary to the general understanding. Veganism is all-encompassing, and literary affects all life aspects that involve animal products,. To some vegetarians, it means to shift from using all animal products. To some, it implies to end all the animal exploitation. More importantly, to most it means running away from the toxicity associated with animal products and live a ...

Quantitative Study

Vamos, E. P. et al. (2012). Association of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and all cause mortality in people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: retrospective cohort study. British Medical Journal, 1-10. Retrieved from: http://www.bmj. com/conte nt / bmj/345/bmj.e5567.full.pdf

Research Problem and Purpose

Vamos et al. (2012) posit that maintaining a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg is recommended for the population diagnosed with hypertension, and an even lower blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg is recommended for people with chronic conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, clarity on the effects of the blood pressure on all-cause mortality is currently lacking.

Hypotheses and Research Questions

...

Since the introduction of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), the health prospect for the HIV-infected population has evolved considerably. The application of ART has led to a significant reduction in the rate of mortality for this group of people (Chastain et al., 2015). However, the number of deaths resulting from non-HIV-related diseases including cardiovascular diseases (CVD), hepatic disease, and cancer has taken the opposite turn. This paper evaluates the association between CVD and the administration of ART among HIV patients. A study in this area may be helpful in reducing the occurrence of CVD in the HIV-infected population. A prompt detection ...

Elliott, A. M., Smith, B. H., Penny, K., Smith, W. C., & Chambers, W. A. (1999). The epidemiology of chronic pain in the community. The Lancet, 354(9186), 1248–1252. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases. This study describes an early epidemiologic study on chronic pain. The authors recognized chronic pain as one of the problems the community faced. The researchers took a study to quantify and describe the distribution of chronic pain in the community. The researchers carried out their study using 5036 patients, who were aged 25 years and above. The study was based in the UK. The ...

Abstract

In the current health scenario, the old adage ‘prevention is better than cure’ is outdated ("A New Vision of Wellness", 2011). Health costs are increasing day by day, but diseases have become more prevalent than before. Incidences of impaired mental health are on the rise. Isn’t it high time that we stop and take a look at the current medical scenario? People are suffering from chronic diseases like asthma, depression, diabetes, heart disease, pain, and even attention and learning problems. Moreover, the pharmaceutical companies are always introducing newer and better medicines and expensive ones too, but still, there ...

Abstract

Testicular cancer is a type of cancer that directly involves the main male reproductive organ, the testes. The testes are basically a loose sack of skin and flesh located below the penis. Testicular cancer is a rare form of cancer only accounting for between 1% and 3% of the total number of cancer cases in the male population in western countries. It is also one of the most curable forms of cancer. Nonetheless, it is still a condition worth reviewing. The research question in this paper asks whether survivors of testicular cancer indeed suffer from a testicular cancer-related comorbidity ...

The growing rates of obesity in U.S. are alarming. The unhealthy nutrition habits, inactive lifestyle and psychological disorders (because of insecure family conditions) all account for obesity. The warning against obesity is coming from as multiple sources including physicians, nutrition specialists, psychologists and educators. The broad concern about obesity is, if anything, attributed to effects obesity has on human health on short and long ranges. Three effects only of obesity are discussed, for current purposes, in more detail: diabetes, high blood pressure and heart attacks. Obesity causes diabetes. In a growing body of research, obesity is shown to increase ...

Over the years, many nutritionists have been advocating for the consumption of green vegetables and fruits and avoiding meat products to maintain good health. A diet containing meat products has always been considered an unhealthy one by many. Nevertheless, we should note that consuming meat products has its benefits because there are nutrients found in meat products that can never be found in a vegetarian diet. Diet is classified into two, which is vegetarian diet and non-vegetarian vegetarian. Vegetarians are persons who are restricted from consuming meat while non-vegetarians are allowed to consume meat at any time. Therefore, while ...

Food deserts are those areas within cities where the local population has no or little access to fresh fruits and healthy vegetables. There is evidence that the food desert areas are more prevalent in the lower income neighborhoods. Lack of healthy foods leads to obesity and health ailments such as heart disease and diabetes. It is also seen that the neighborhoods with low-income are mostly African American. The essay discusses the Food deserts, what they mean and who is affected and how. Research works on food deserts in Baltimore city are looked into and how a lack of nutritious ...

Introduction

The pathophysiology of atherosclerosis involves a series of complex events that can be likened to that of a chronic inflammatory process, which results in the development of an atherosclerotic plaque. The first step in the process involves injury to the endothelial cells of the artery that results in endothelial cell dysfunction. The activated endothelial cells attract vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and leukocytes, which proliferate and accumulate in the walls of the artery (Seidman, Mitchell, & Stone, 2014). These cellular components lead to the formation of a large amount of connective tissue matrix. This is the ultimate end point in ...

SECTION 1

(a) Blueberries for High Blood Pressure & Hardened Arteries Wilson, J. (2015, January 9). One cup of blueberries per day helps relieve high blood pressure and hardened arteries - NaturalNews.com. Retrieved from http://www.naturalnews.com/048381_blueberries_blood_pressure_medicinal_food.html (b) This article was about the potential use of at least one cup of blueberries daily to counter high blood pressure and hardened arteries in a human body. Blueberries play a crucial role in lowering blood pressure and arterial rigidity which are closely related to cardiovascular disease illness (Wilson, 2015). Frequent consumption of blueberries by individuals can assist to defer the progression of prehypertension to hypertension, and ...

Dietary assessment is important since it helps in detecting the risk of nutrition problems. Additionally, nutrition assessment helps in determining the nutrition status of a person. Poor nutrition is associated with many health concerns. Indeed, individuals who have inadequate intake of nutrients are likely to develop many health-related problems. Poor nutrition can also adversely affect the effectiveness of medications. Therefore, a proper diet is an integral part of medical interventions. This paper provides findings of the dietary assessment conducted using the food frequency questionnaire. The assessment showed that the client’s diet does not meet all the RDA recommendations. ...

Epidemiology among Italian Americans

Epidemiology data that compared the deaths status of Italians and Americans found that leading causes of death for adults at both times were similar in Italy and the United States. For the past thirty years, the leading cause of death for the adult population for Italians in has been degenerative diseases, particularly cardiovascular disease and cancer. Studies of Italian-born immigrants in New York and Pennsylvania had relatively low death rates when compared to other groups (Mugnaioli et al., 2006). Italian males had the lowest death rate from all causes of any foreign-born group even lower than the native population. ...

Health Promotion Problem

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an overall term used in the description of a condition that attacks the heart and blood vessel. CVDs happen as a result of either thrombosis or atherosclerosis. There are four primary forms of CVD, namely coronary heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, stroke, and aortic disease. There are numerous risk factors associated with CVD. Some of them include family background, ethnicity, and age. Others include exposure to tobacco and alcohol, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, unhealthy diet, and physical inactivity. Of particular interest in the U.S is that many individuals from low-income neighborhoods grapple with CVD prevalence. Placed ...

Identify a clinical area in which to promote best practice. What are the reasons for selecting this particular area? What is the clinical question you would like addressed by a guideline? Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading cause of deaths in the US accounting 10 million lives annually. It is important to review and assess latest recommendations, protocols, and guidelines associated with CVD in order to reduce mortality rate and improve quality of life of patients. Since CVD is associated with major complications such as hypertension and diabetes, it is essential to review related guidelines. Does a ...

Abstract

Secondhand smoke contains many chemicals, including substances that can stimulate the development of cardiovascular diseases. Regular exposure to cigarette smoke put people at risk of developing various diseases including cardiovascular dysfunction. This is true even to non-smokers, due to the thousands of toxic chemicals found in tobacco smoke. Inhalation of these substances may lead to serious and life-threatening health concerns. Consequently, those who are exposed to secondhand smoke have a higher possibility of developing lung, nasal and other forms of cancer and heart diseases. The toxic substances upset the normal functioning of the heart and blood vessels which leads ...

(Author, Department, University,

Corresponding Address and email)

Abstract Smoking is one of the most hated habits of the present generation. It affects almost every part of the body. Over 16 million people in the U.S. are living with some smoking-related disorder. Among the most important problems arising from smoking, include cardiac problems. Smoking is not only related to myocardial infarction, but smoking behavior could increase the chances of a second myocardial infarction, and these chances increase with increased smoking. Moreover, the number of deaths of people, who stopped smoking after CABG, within 20 years, was less as compared to persistent smokers, i.e. 46% ...

Approximately 3 percent to 10 percent of pregnancies within studied populations are affected by gestational diabetes, a condition involving elevated blood sugar levels in women previously not diagnosed with diabetes (Metzger et al., 2007; Moore & et al, 2005; Schneider, 2014). Due to changes in diagnostic criteria, the prevalence of gestational diabetes may occur in as many as 20 percent of pregnancies (Kim, 2010). Insulin receptors begin to dysfunction secondary to factors related to pregnancy and blood glucose levels rise. There are relatively few symptoms of gestational diabetes and screening of pregnant women is the most effective method of diagnosis. ...

(Author, Department, University,

Corresponding Address and email)

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and its disease Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) appeared, initially, in the early years of 1980s. Since then, the disease has become one of the most important health challenges for researchers from around the world. It is considered as one of the most important killers of humans since its first diagnosis in the U.S. in 1981. The number of newly infected cases of AIDS is increasing every year. Absence of knowledge about the disease is one of the key issues leading to AIDS. Moreover, it has been found that people keep on engaging ...

Introduction

The negative impacts of smoking not only affect the direct smoker but also the person that inhale the smoke secondhand. A number of researches have linked various diseases with smoke from the direct smoker. A research conducted on the cardiovascular effects of secondhand smoke reported that the effects are closely as huge as smoking. It concluded that the secondhand smoke elevates the chances of developing coronary heart disease by an estimate of thirty percent. Barnoya & Glantz (2005) suggests that there is a relatively high risk to heart diseases and conditions associated with second hand smoking as compared the normal ...

(Author, Department, University,

Corresponding Address and email)

Abstract Smoking is one of the most hated habits of the present generation. It affects almost every part of the body. Over 16 million people in the U.S. are living with some smoking-related disorder. Among the most important problems arising from smoking, include cardiac problems. Smoking is not only related to myocardial infarction, but smoking behavior could increase the chances of a second myocardial infarction, and these chances increase with increased smoking. Moreover, the number of deaths of people, who stopped smoking after CABG, within 20 years, was less as compared to persistent smokers, i.e. 46% ...

in the Development of Heart Diseases I. Topic Sentence Passive smoking is associated with the increased rate of morbidity due to smoke-related diseases, and people who are exposed to it are at risks of developing adverse health consequences such as cardiovascular problems. II. Abstract Secondhand smoke contains many chemicals, including substances that can stimulate the development of cardiovascular diseases. People should be concerned because even non smokers are at risk from cigarette smoke when they are exposed to it regularly, due to the thousands of toxic chemicals found in it. Inhaling these substances can lead to serious and life-threatening ...

A number of researches indicate that African Americans are affected from heart diseases than other communities of the United States. Thorough research and experiences suggest that the situation is alarming, and there is a need to take appropriate measures to curb cardiovascular problems among African Americans. A variety of factors can be held responsible for growing heart related problems among African Americans that are associated with their culture and life style. This paper discusses how African-American culture relates with growing heart problems among African Americans, and further discusses influence of culture on African American feelings, attitude and behavior related ...

There are many important issues to be considered when looking at a randomized trial: the reader must consider whether the results of the trial can be considered valid, what those results say, and whether those results will assist them in thinking critically about the problem they are trying to solve (Guyatt et al., 1993; Cardiff University, 2016). In the Mohiuddin et al. (2007) study, the researchers attempted to determine the impact of intensive smoking cessation intervention—particularly focusing on whether this programming reduces the mortality that an individual who is high risk for cardiovascular disease experiences (Mohiuddin et al., ...

LITERATURE REVIEW: Determinants of health

In this paper there will be the analysis of cardiovascular disease and how it occurs in the UAE. This paper will be tasked with describing its nature, prevalence and importance as a public health issue; describe the individual factors that lead to this health issue (biology/behavior); a description of the determinants as the disease occurs in the society; prevention of the disease; how the society is working on limiting occurrences and also treating the disease as the cases occur. This literature review will look into this case in the United Arab Emirates, working with the statistics and what is ...

Part one: Introduction of the authors

Gio Batta Gori is a professor of epidemiology and toxicology. He has specialized in risk assessment and scientific research. Gori is based at the Health Policy Centre in Bethesda, Maryland (Gori, 2007). He previously worked as the deputy director of the National Cancer Institute in which he played a pivotal role in the prevention of the causes of cancer. Gori also served as a director of the Smoking and Health Program and was a key consultant of the tobacco industry. While he worked as a consultant, Gori criticised the risks that accompany the use of tobacco. His criticism also ...

The Women’s Health Initiative is a long-term national health study that started in April 1991. WHI is a result of a growing scientific interest and an urgent need for better understanding of the nature of women’s diseases. The entire project employed 161, 808 women of 50-79 years of age, and therefore, became one of the most far reaching women’s health experiments that have ever been taken in the U.S. The clinical trial consisted of three parts such as hormone therapy, dietary modification and calcium/vitamin D supplements. They were dedicated to the issue of preventing cancer, osteoporosis ...

Atherosclerosis among African American Teenagers

A summary Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is brought about by heart and blood vessels disorders (WHO, 2015). There are two underlying mechanisms through which CVDs occur. Fatty deposits (plaques or atheroma) can build up inside an artery causing it to narrow and harden (atherosclerosis) or a blood clot (thrombosis) can reduce blood flow to the heart, brain or body (NHS Choices, n.d.).Risk factors for CVDs include the harmful use of alcohol, an unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, genetics, and tobacco use. Cardiovascular diseases include raised blood pressure (hypertension), cerebrovascular disease (stroke), coronary heart disease (heart attacks), heart failure, peripheral artery ...

Ischemic Heart Disease in Older Adults

Ischemic Heart Disease in Older Adults Older patients frequently suffer from ischemic heart disease either in isolation or in combination with other processes (Butler, 20120). As a common clinical syndrome, heart failure is the result of impaired cardiac functioning of the action of pumping the blood through the body. Signs and symptoms of ischemic heart disease include fatigue and an inability to tolerate exercise and edema of the abdomen, legs, ankles, and feet. Although heart disease has a poor rate of survival, early diagnosis and treatment may improve life expectancy. The goal of nursing intervention is to extend life ...

Subjective Data:

Patient’s demographic and social information Jnr. is a 10 year old African American Male patient brought into clinic by his mother who reports that Jnr. was recently discharged from hospital for acute asthma exacerbation. The boy presented with cough and difficulty in breathing combined with a running nose and elevated temperature which has now been resolved with over the counter Tylenol. The mother also says that her son has a history of multiple admissions to the hospital for acute asthma exacerbation. His mother reports child repeatedly loses inhalers. She also states that she does not check for inhaler ...

Hyperlipidemia

Hyperlipidemia

Introduction

Patients diagnosed with hyperlipidemia have inherited or developed elevated fat or lipid levels in their blood. The condition increases the patient’s risk of blood vessel disease leading to stroke as well as heart disease. Patient Lori is a 44-year-old Caucasian female and during her well-woman-exam voiced no medical complaints. Lori is a telephone operator for a busy law firm. Her Vital signs: BP 128/84; wt; 133 lbs; Ht 64 inches; eyes have yellow-orange raised lesions on eyelids; remainder of exam is unremarkable.

Literature Review

According to Rosenson (2015), Nelson (2012), Chanoine (2008), Jones et al (2013), Bays et al ( ...

Literature Review

Chairman: Committee member: Committee member: Masters of Arts in Psychology 2016 Introduction With childhood obesity on the rise, there is increasing concern about the prevention and treatment of obesity. Current national data on childhood and adolescent obesity show 16.9 percent of 2-to-19-year-old children and adolescents are obese (Ogden, Carroll, Kit, & Flegal, 2014). An effective intervention to manage obesity is essential. The current weight management practices involve dietary modification, behavioral change therapies involving exercise, pharmacological therapy and surgical intervention. The purpose of this literature review is to explore the current research on Motivational Interviewing (MI) as an effective method for ...