Essays on Cascade

Marine trophic cascade is an ecological concept that has attracted a lot of attention in the recent days owing to the increase in overexploitation of marine resources. It is paramount that we gain clear understanding of the impacts brought about by the changes in the food web. Other possible causes include the environmental changes brought about by the climatic changes such as the global warming effects. Recent studies have shown an increase in the overexploitation of the marine top predators that has the potential to initiate a marine trophic cascade. Various scholars have studied the subject and accumulated reports ...

Executive summary

The product risk rating for all the investment products of the company is essential on annual basis. It is essential for the company to get the knowledge of the product risk to perform the annual review. The main purpose of the underlying paper is to resolve the sustainability concerns faced by the company. The use of the quantitative and qualitative data is essential in order to make the analysis. The sustainability control of the underlying company is not up to the standards of the industry.

Requirements

Rating of the products The company must consider the qualitative and quantitative factors in ...

Introduction

Cascade disaster is a concurrent sequence that occurs and initiates the occurrence of another event. Any natural disaster causes detrimental effects to the environment particularly the infrastructure, thereby establishing the need to study the occurrence of cascade to provide preventive measures because climatic changes lead to natural disasters. Therefore, the best approach will be to understand Causal-Loop-Diagrams (CLDs) to examine the magnitude of cascade effect on human health, electricity, infrastructure as well as natural disaster. The researchers have tried to apply the CLD to disastrous events and management, so as to improve the lives of people by providing the ...

Summary of Chapter 12

Introduction Yescombe presents on Chapter 12 issues between the lenders and the Project Company related to Cash-Flow Controls, Security and Enforcement (202). The author posits that the Public Authority has to review the lenders’ documents to make sure there will be no impediments for the Project Company to carry its mandate. Control of Cash Flows: The Project Company’s cash flows is closely controlled by the lenders, as they will depend on the residual flows to receive their payments (Yescombe 202). The lenders control expenditures via the Disbursement Account, which receives the inflows from equity and loans, and is ...

Gene Expression and Signaling Class

Short Answer Different Phenotype in PTEN Mutations While PTEN is either mutated or lost in both spontaneous and heritable cancers, the p110 alpha is frequently mutated in major forms of cancer such as breast cancer, endometrial, colorectal, ovarian, and prostate cancers with a greater prevalence of breast cancers (Nagata et al., 2004). Besides, the monoallelic loss of PTEN mostly contributes to the growth of tumor in the context of other somatic mutations in which case the count of PTEN proteins correlates with the severity of cancer, an indication that PTEN is haploinsufficient in functionality. Additionally, while the gene encodes ...

Occupational and Environmental Health in Carbon Nano-Tube Thread Manufacturing

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have novel physicochemical properties accompanied by new risks and uncertainties (European Agency for Safety and Health at Work [EU-OSHA], 2009). CNT release into environment and worker exposure can occur during any stage of production, usage, transport, waste treatment or storage. Data on occupational exposure to CNT is limited, and measurement techniques are also not fully developed. Engineering controls and personal protective equipment used for aerosol pollution are recommended for CNT also. Though CNTs have a primary graphene structure, their properties are entirely different from carbon particles, for which there are established exposure limits. CNT emissions are ...

Mechanisms by which Incompatible Red Cells may be Cleared from Circulation

Introduction One of the leading causes of transfusion-associated mortality is related to haemolytic transfusion reactions.1 Many factors that account for haemolytic transfusion, and complement activation is the most widely studied and documented feature linked with such reactions and fatalities, and many researchers have focused on the role of complement initiation, activation and regulation with respect to these reactions. Others have focused on the underlying strategies involved in mitigating the complement modulation, in the event of an incompatible red blood cell transfusion.1 Many reports have stated that incompatible red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are the leading cause of death in ...

Introduction

The black population in Canada has experienced substantial growth over the past half century. As of 2006, the black community was approximately 2.5 % of the Canadian population with most of these being from HIV-endemic nations mainly in the Caribbean and Africa (Shimeles, Husbands, Tharao, Adrien, & Pierre-Pierre, 2011). The immigration of these communities in Canada has led to an increased HIV infection, with 57% of infected infants and 16 % of new infections being attributed to the African and Black community. The statistics on new infections as well as those on people living with HIV show that the black community in ...

1. What is the underlying mechanism of M.A.'s asthma? What are the three airway responses that occur during an asthma episode?

An autoimmune response to allergens from cats and plants is the underlying mechanism for the patient’s condition. These allergens, though nonpathogenic, trigger an inflammatory cascade wherein lymphocytes, eosinophils, mast cells, neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells exert their effects on the respiratory tract (Linzer 87). As an example, B lymphocytes synthesize immunoglobulin E which helps signal the release of histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandin and cytokines which are proteins that promote vasodilation and hyperactivity in mucus-producing goblet cells (Murdoch & Lloyd 27). Prostaglandin causes the smooth muscles in the airway to constrict. Along with vasodilation and increased mucus production, bronchial constriction ...

Abstract

The investigation teams, police, judges and courts rely strongly on the forensic medical evidence and use the evidence to build up their efforts. The prime aim is to punish the guilty while avoid connecting the innocent. Interpretation of forensic medical evidence and their role have significantly expanded through the justice system. Steve Wright was found guilty of killing five prostitutes and faces life in jail for the murders. The Ipswich Prostitute Murders made headlines not only in Britain but also caught the attention of Inernatiosnl media. The essay looks at how forensic science and the evidence collected helped to ...

In the hospitality industry, communication and participation of management and employees to consult with relevant stakeholders are crucial to sustaining the organization’s effective performance as instrumental to financial success. As explicitly defined, employee participation is disclosed as the “process of employee involvement designed to provide employees with the opportunity to influence and where appropriate, take part in decision making on matters that affect them” . Likewise, communication is the process by which management and employees send important messages regarding the products and services offered by organizations. The methods of communication are noted to entail downward and upward flows. ...

The binding of antibodies to red blood cells can lead to potentially fatal outcomes such as hemolytic transfusion reactions, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and hemolytic disease of the fetus/newborn.1 Information regarding the first steps of hemolytic transfusion reactions is well documented. It is, however, unclear why the severity of hemolytic transfusions experienced by different individuals ranges from mild to very severe.2 The pathophysiology of the final pathways and downstream events of red blood cell hemolysis are also yet to be fully elucidated although research is ongoing.2 A recent study by Liepkalns et al. (2012)1 has reinvigorated debate on the ...

Introduction

Blood consists of erythrocytes and leucocytes suspended in it. Blood is pumped from the heart to the body through the arteries and it enters back in the heart through the veins. Blood without cells is known as plasma while serum is the straw colored liquid obtained after the removal of the clot. Plasma contains different proteins, nutrients and waste materials. There are different cases of blood disorders observed in humans.

Blood cells and platelets

The most abundant cells in the blood are the anucleate, biconcave erythrocytes. They contain a red pigment known as hemoglobin (Hb) that carries dioxygen (O2). Hb contains four subunits each ...

Advertisements are usually a key reflection of our society and how different gender roles are viewed. In this paper, we shall analyze three advertisements in relation to how they display gender roles. The Cascade floor cleaner advert shows a woman standing happily with a mop. The advertiser knew that when it comes to cleanliness, women are sensitive to it compared to men. The product will therefore sell, if a woman is used for its advertisement. Cleaning has been viewed to be a role associated with the female gender. There is also the issue of a modern woman that has been displayed in the advert, ...

Discussion

Periostin, an ECM protein, was named because of its expression in the periodontal ligament and periosteum of adult mice.30 PN is expressed in tissue growth and remodeling, as in cardiac and valvular development and disease, wound repair, tumor tissues, and inflammation.31-37 PN is also widely expressed in various atherosclerotic vascular lesions: it could be located in the intima, preatheroma regions, and the extracellular matrix of advanced lesions with calcification. PN variants are associated with extent of atherosclerosis in young persons, which suggest the importance of PN in the development of atherosclerosis in the arterial wall.38,39 This study used ...

Causation of Climate Change

The world’s climate system is composed of five elements that include hydrosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere, cry sphere, and biosphere. It varies naturally with time and is dependent on the incoming and outgoing energy which determine the optimal balance of the earth’s energy. These determinants constitute factors that cause climate variation that result in either warmer or colder states. This result into a phenomenon referred to as climate change. This is a condition, in which, the earth experiences adjustments in its weather that occurs over a period. This essay provides a detailed analysis of the causes, characteristics, and the impacts of climate change ...

Genetic Correlates and Pathophysiology of Hyperthyroidism: An Overview of salient aspects

Introduction Disturbances in thyroid haemostasis can occur at the level of the pituitary gland, the thyroid gland itself or in the periphery. By definition, hyperthyroidism refers to disorders in which the principal abnormality is the overproduction of thyroid hormones in the thyroid gland. (Elston & Conaglen, 2005) This overproduction can have diverse determinants including auto-immunity, hereditary factors, familial predisposition, and perhaps, some other less understood factors. Regardless of etiology, the result is an increase in transcription in cellular proteins, causing an increase in the basal metabolic rate. The predominant cause of hyperthyroidism is Grave’s disease. Other less common ...

Introduction

Cells are independent units of life. However, when a cell becomes part of an organism, it becomes part of a tissue and organ system. Cells in a tissue are joined to each other and to the extracellular matrix (ECM) by cell junctions. There are three kinds of cell junctions: Occluding junctions, anchoring junctions and communication junctions. Occluding junctions occur in the epithelium where the adjacent cells are so tightly sealed together that even small molecules cannot pass. Communicating junctions allow the exchange of chemical and electrical signals between cells. Anchoring junctions are the ones which attach a cell either to its neighbor or ...

Herding: An Introduction

While psychologist call it as Herd behavior, the financial pundits go with the word ‘’ Herding’’. Herding is a behavior trait found in an individual where his investment decisions are decided by the majority. In other words, it refers to instances when the individuals gravitate towards same or similar investment based solely on the fact that the majority of the investors are doing so. Important to note, since decades, financial pundits has claimed that such action of investors where they enter into herding environment, leads to inefficiency of the financial markets by causing large or unsubstantiated sell-offs which have no fundamental ...

Management

Introduction The oil and gas sector of the United States of America supplies around 65 percent of U.S. energy. This sector includes petroleum refining and gas and oil extraction industry. Globally, the United States of America accounts for more than 500,000 producing wells for petroleum and has around 4000 natural gas and oil platforms. It is the third largest producer of petroleum in the world. In total, this country has around 144 refineries which produce crude oil of more than 17 million barrels daily (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). There have been several factors like alternative fuels, ...

Introduction

This paper presents an analysis of the similarities and differences between the Fairmont and the Four Seasons groups of hotels. Accordingly, the paper compares the historical development of the two hotel chains presenting challenges and triumphs that the groups were faced with. Further, the comparison also delves into the differences and commonalities in the management of the operations of the two hotel chains. Later, the paper also discussed the ownership of the hotel chains drawing similarities and differences in each case. Primarily, the paper provides a detailed comparison and contrast of the Fairmont and Four Seasons chains of hotels.

History

There ...

Introduction

Cortisol is a steroid hormone produced in the adrenal glands located on top of kidneys and is usually released in response to particular circumstances and events, including acute stress and waking up in the morning. It significantly affects the body’s processes and helps its effort to maintain homeostasis (Aronson, 2009). It also plays a major role in human nutrition, as it helps regulate energy by determining which type of substrate (and which amount), protein, fat, or carbohydrate, the body needs to meet its demand efficiently. If cortisol stress hormone is increased for long periods of time and becomes chronically elevated, ...

Introduction and company background

Formed in 1824 by Peter Degraves, Cascade Brewery stands out as one of the oldest companies located in Australia. The company is specifically located in Hobart, Tasmania. Peter Degraves was an entrepreneur who had moved to Australia as an immigrant following the crises that were facing England during the era. He started Cascade Brewery on his own property but the company later flourished and possession was granted to the Foster's Group that currently runs it. Remarkably, the company majors in production of apple cider, homebrew, beers, as well as non-alcoholic beverages such as blackcurrant syrup, apple juice, and carbonated ...

Introduction

The fight or flight response is one of the body’s autonomic defense mechanisms. This innate defense mechanism gets triggered whenever a person encounters a harmful entity or event, or basically anything that one may perceive as a threat to his survival. In such cases, the body’s hyper-arousal state which is characterized by dramatic changes not just in one but across all organ systems. The fight or flight response actually started as a simple theory by Dr. Walter Cannon. Dr. Cannon explained that any animal is subject to a reaction called fight or flight response which is characterized by a general and fast-acting discharge ...

1.0 Introduction Hemophilia A (HA) is an inherited X-linked bleeding disorder that results from a wide range of mutations in the factor VIII (FVIII) gene which leads to the absence or quantitative and/or qualitative deficiency of the said blood clotting factor ( (Jacquemin, et al., 2000; Guillet, et al., 2006; Venceslá, et al., 2008). FVIII gene is one of the most extensively investigated of all human genes and these extensive studies have led to the identification of a wide range of different types of mutations responsible for HA. Some of the mutation types identified include point mutations (resulting in missense, nonsense ...

Introduction:

The function of many living organisms is coupled with a vast array of cells .These units in turn serve as role playing agents for the fundamental physiology that determines the well being of organisms. However, variations in cellular environment are thought to regulate cell growth, division and survival. A network of molecular pathways or signaling events are interlinked with the cellular functions .Alterations in this specific functional aspect could lead to unnecessary complications which may lead to health abnormalities. In such context , the present description is concerned with highlighting about mTOR Signaling in Carcinogenesis. mTOR stands for mammalian target ...

- Bauer’s performance in apparel industry - Core competencies and source of competitive advantage. Bauer Company operates in the apparel industry with its main business line being sportswear production. (Bauer, 2012) A business’ core competency determines its ability to establish a competitive brand which also depends on several factors. (Fred, 2011) In that respect, the sources of Bauer’s competitive advantage as well as its core competencies are as follows.

Core competencies

- Favorable brand positioning and image that makes it a brand that customers would want to identify with hence earning customer loyalty. - Adequate finances that enable ...

- Abstract Cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure are some of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity with Australia being one of the country’s most greatly affected (McLean, Esclick & Coats, 2006). An area of interest in the pathology of heart failure is the significance that polymorphisms of adrenergic receptor genes have on the outcomes of patients with heart failure. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms or SNPs that occur in the genes that encode for adrenergic receptors are known to have various physiological and functional consequences. Specifically, the β1-adrenergic receptors have a crucial role in the regulation of heart rate and ...

ABSTRACT

This research proposal presents face reconstruction and recognition technology in the three dimensional format with the help of artificial neural networks. This technology combines geometric interpretation, detailed survey and analysis of streams of data in order to process static and dynamic images to produce neural images using advanced computing system. 3D face reconstruction done with the help of interconnected circuit of artificial neurons is followed by the step of matching and verification against familiar faces. 3D face reconstruction and recognition technology finds extensive applications in a number of fields including forensics and ensuring secure transactions. The process is complex, systematic ...

ABSTRACT

This research proposal presents face reconstruction and recognition technology in the three dimensional format with the help of artificial neural networks. This technology combines geometric interpretation, detailed survey and analysis of streams of data in order to process static and dynamic images to produce neural images using advanced computing system. 3D face reconstruction done with the help of interconnected circuit of artificial neurons is followed by the step of matching and verification against familiar faces. 3D face reconstruction and recognition technology finds extensive applications in a number of fields including forensics and ensuring secure transactions. The process is complex, systematic ...

Module 6

Design of Synchronous Sequential Counters ELEC201 Digital Electronics Partner Name: Objectives The objectives of the laboratory were as follows: Introduction Counters are categorized under Medium Scale Integrated sequential logic circuits. The counter circuits consist of several flip-flops that have been cascaded together and may also have an additional combinational circuit. They are mostly used in application that involve counting where they are applied in either the measurement of time that elapses between two instances that are not known, or the measurement of the frequency of a particular signal.

There are several types of counters such as those given below

- Asynchronous counters - ...

Background

Asthma is a chronic disease associated with inflammation of the lining of airway and obstruction of lung airflow. It usually involves an increase in the number of inflammatory cells, most commonly eosinophils and to some extent basophils, mast cells, macrophages. (Eds. Brunton, et al., 2009) Asthma, together with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), is considered as one ofthe most common obstructive lung diseases characterized by expiratory airflow obstruction. (eds. Longo, et al., 2012) An asthmatic patient usually presents with recurrent events of shortness of bright (SOB), chest tightness, and wheezing, “a high-pitched whistling sound when breathing caused by movement of ...

Diagnostic tests and complementary/alternative medicines for coronary artery disease

The diagnosis of CAD is based on the presenting manifestations, medical history, and a battery of tests. These tests are usually conducted in a systematic manner beginning with the least expensive and non-invasive ones to the more expensive and invasive ones. If the findings of one level of tests are inconclusive or abnormal, the tests in the next level of diagnostic tests are conducted. The tests utilized in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease include blood tests, stress testing, non-invasive and invasive imaging techniques. Non-invasive imaging techniques include electrocardiography, echocardiography, nuclear imaging, positron emission tomography, electronic beam computed tomography, and magnetic ...

Genetic diseases are generally caused by abnormality in the individual's genetic makeup or genome. The effect of this abnormality ranges from mild to severe. Those effects depend on the affected genetic components. The changes or abnormalities could be a mutation in a single base to that which could affects the large chromosome. The main forms of occurence are either through inheritance or spontaneous mutations. The basic types of inheritance are; single gene inheritance, multifactoral inheritance, chromosome abnormalities and mitochondrial inheritance. Haemophilia A is a type of chromosomal abnormality associated with a defective X chromosome hence tagged as X-linked disorder.

Haemophilia A

Haemophilia A is a genetic ...

Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) exhibit genetic heterogeneity. Most of the HCC tumors are associated with activation of insulin/IGF-1/IRS-1/Ras/Raf/MAPK/Erk and a WNT/Frizzled receptors/β catenin signaling cascade which provides targets for therapy. All the pathways are mediated by genetic mutations and signaling compounds and the loss of regulatory proteins also contributes for tumor generation. Two signaling pathways are involved in the carcinogenesis which includes insulin/IGF 1/IRS 1/MAPK and Wnt/FZD/β catenin pathways. The insulin/IGF-1/IRS-1/MAPK cascade plays a crucial role in regulating regeneration of liver and embryonic development. The constitutive activation of these cascades which is due to IRS 1 over expression leads to HCC ...