Essays on Chinese Dynasties

It was in 1839 when England and China went to war. The British were upset because the Chinese authorities closed its drug trafficking racket and shut down the country’s dope. The Qing Dynasty which was established by the Manchurians back in 1644, made the borders of China bigger and even reached Taiwan, Tibet, and Uighur Empire. However the Qing Dynasty refused the Western ambassadors because they could not accept the Qing Dynasty as its superior. Foreigners and trade ships were not allowed to enter China except in Canton. Foreigners could trade their goods in Guangzhou in exchange for ...

As an introductive point, “The Four Books of Confucianism,” is a collection of philosophical works which greatly influenced Chinese civilization, both in the educational and spiritual realms, into the contemporary era. My most prominent observation after reading the book is that the most important aspect any individual ought to pursue is that of self-awareness, where the person seeks to know who they are. The whole idea of the book is to provide moral insights and guidelines into human nature, and this is primarily through the presentation of the apt manners and dispositions of life that a person is required ...

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Proposal Peculiar historical, cultural and philosophical foundations of East Asian states have facilitated relative homogeneity in local artistic endeavors, though certain peculiar details of art in such countries as China, Korea and Japan might alter greatly. Also, in light of historical trends and events, China became an Sesshū Tōyō a source inspiration for many Japanese artists, as it is shown by the body of research. However, it is still interesting to take a closer look at influences Chinese culture and representational conventions produce on Japanese art in relation to a certain period of time and certain variety of ...

Answer two questions

Answer two questions

The Islamic influence in Spain was a strong one lasting for a long period of time. Islam offered more than just a territorial succession to the public, but it was the religion that offered intellect and social structure as well as a great privilege to society. Islamic principles did conquer the thought, language and architecture of Spain, particularly in the cities of Granada and Al-Andalus. Islamic influence was deeply ingrained in the Spanish society. Hence it led to the development of Islamic thought that promulgated deep in the society, and much of the former Christian world ...

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Introduction China is home to the most ancient and enduring human civilization. This civilization flourished for thousands of years and have survived through many succession of rulers and dynasties. The study of China’s civilization is important in order to understand China’s contemporary society. Chinese civilization can be categorized into three broad historical periods: ancient China, Imperial China and modern China. These periods, however, only serves as an imaginary partition in order to identify a certain time in the history of China. But in reality, Chinese civilization is continuous and was never interrupted even through there ...

Once there was a dynasty in China that ruled for a long time. The achievements they made for Chinese culture were many. But then the unthinkable happened the Shang dynasty was forgotten, and to some nothing more than a myth. In 1899 the Oracle Bones were rediscovered when a man went to the pharmacy to fill a prescription for dragon bones. He bought an old bone. He realized that the scratches were not random markings and showed it to his brother in law a notable historian. The two quickly went back to the pharmacy to find out where the ...

The Museum of Asian art in San Francisco is one of the must-see museums in the town. It is situated quite near to the Civic center and more than eighteen thousand pieces of fine art are exposed permanently in the arranged collections. Some of the exhibited articles are about six thousand years old. The arts and objects are collected from the entire Asian continent. Entering the museum, visitors can enjoy beautiful objects as paintings, furniture, sculptures, armor and textiles, and also there are represented objects from China, India, Turkey, the Philippines and Japan showing the culture of these countries ...

Question 1

The case of Taj Mahal and its popularity as the most recognized work of art is also explainable through this context. Taj Mahal is widely recognized as a symbol of love. The emperor Shah Jahan constructed this Tomb (Mausoleum) in memory of his late wife Mumtaz Mahal who died while giving birth to their 14th child. But unlike the Great Wall of China or the Pyramids of Egypt that too is overloaded with stories of griefs (such as the death of Pharaohs and thousands of slaves) there is something about Taj Mahal that makes it more appealing than everything ...

Abstract

Artefacts have been suggested as the primary points of insights into the culture and customs of a civilization and the way they interact with the world around them. Whilst many of the objects in question convey spiritual messages in terms of idols and iconography, it is important to consider the ways in which the objects communicate on an implied level also; for example, jade stone is one particular inclusion within many Eastern Asian ceremonies and ceremonial pieces and had been considered within these cultures’ as a precious stone, but also, for its ability to preserve an individuals spirit. As ...

Abstract

Jade has been an important part of Chinese culture since Ancient times, when it was used to make various weapons and tools. The reason for this is because it is believed to have positive powers. Some of the attributes attributed to jade are purity, gentlemanliness, the ability to send one’s soul on a positive journey and to prevent misfortune from befalling a person. This is why jade was used in burial rituals, sacrifices and other religious ceremonies. Nevertheless, despite the importance of jade to the Chinese culture for many centuries only the very wealthy were permitted to own ...

The modern world is changing up so quickly, and getting connected with a really crucial speed. One of such sufficient processes is globalization. Globalization in simple terms is usually known as the process during which the world is transformed into a single unified system. At the end of the last century, globalization has become a hot topic for debates all around the world and it has not yet stopped. However, globalization is not a new process, since it implies the integration of the economic, cultural, political and religious spheres. Today globalization caused both positive and negative consequences and this ...

Introduction 2

The Discovery of Shang Dynasty Bronze Vessels 3 The Shang Dynasty 4 The Bronze Age 6 Conclusion 7

Works Cited 9

The Beauty of Shang Bronze Vessels Introduction The Chinese culture has been identified as one of the oldest and most complex of its kind to have ever existed on planet Earth. The fact that the Chinese, despite intermingling with other cultures throughout history, have maintained a unique writing style provides an insight into this complexity. However, the Chinese are also famed for their culture, which is unique in many ways. One of the cultural practices that the Chinese have maintained over ...

The most beautiful and fascinating artistic aspect of the Chinese ritual objects was the use of bronze. In ancient times, vessels were made to be used for drinks and foods and came in different forms. Some of the containers had accents of rounded and molded handles which rest on well-created bases. Bronze vessels have a well-designed covering which depicts mythical images of mostly animals (Chang, p. 529). Since the beginning of the millennia, they left these vessels with shades of green. There was an addition of hues that helped in bringing a visual display of the art. In the ...

INTRODUCTION

History has always been filled with hundreds of great men who have led the greatest and most influential of nations throughout the ancient world. Men, like Julius Caesar, King Tut and Alexander the Great have been celebrated and both, famously and infamously, remembered as historically relevant. However, despite how the history books often present it, there have also been a number of very powerful female rulers that are often overlooked by history but are more than worthy of attention and research. Two such leaders are the Tang Empress Wu Setian and the Egyptian Pharaoh Hatshepsut. These women ruled in ...

The economy of China occupies the first place in the economies in the world by the nominal GDP, the first by GDP at the purchasing power parity (from 2014). The paper deals with the aim to consider the Chinese modernizing process and economy and to identify the main stages of evolution of the ideas of modernization. This research topic is very interesting, firstly, because of the rapid and successful development of China on the world stage (Songhua). Economic modernization process, acting as the main force of the growing in the sphere of economy and progress of the state is ...

The Ming dynasty in the 1600s made considerable and deliberate efforts in a bid to ensure that its regions remain under one ruler. A Buddhist monk who was also a peasant found the dynasty, rose to the rank of an army general and led a rebellion against the Mongols. The monk assumed the name of Hong Wu and made the decision to have Nanjing as the capital of China, but a latter emperor of the dynasty moved the capital back to Beijing. One of the major roles that Hong Wu assumed as the emperor include reorganizing every aspect of ...

The Dynastic Cycle in China

As Usher writes, “A dynastic cycle is a periodic alternation of society between despotism and anarchy.” The political theory of a dynastic cycle implies to the idea that each dynasty undergoes four major steps of development: foundation, consolidation, deceleration, and extinction. After its creation, the dynasty reaches its peak giving the country all possible benefits and making it prosperous, and then declines and falls being replaced by the new dynasty. Throughout its history, China was under the reign of lots of dynasties and, hence, experienced lots of repetitive dynastic cycles. All of them had similar structures but different causes ...

The Nehan zu painting depicting the death of Sakyamuni, the historical Buddha is one of the oldest and greatest work of art ever to be made. Its significance emerges in the fact that it communicated an open and easy to elaborate message to the lovers of art and the general public at large, but more so to the Buddhism community of faithful. Sakyamuni is deemed as lying on a dais that is constructed with lots of jewels and marbles, with his head been laid on his right arm, facing the right side of his arm. Sakyamuni’s dais is ...

INTRODUCTION

World exploration and explorers are always hailed in history books and classes as significant events and people because they have opened doors to new eras of trade, knowledge and information, technology and cultural consolidation. The names Christopher Columbus, Vasco de Gama and Ferdinand Magellan are some of the greatest names in exploration. Countries that have often been associated with historical explorations are Spain, Portugal, Great Britain – in other words, Western countries. A closer scrutiny, however, of historical explorations showed that ancient China conducted explorations and voyages even before these Western countries did in the 15th century. The voyages occurred ...

Ceramic art and its various forms

The art of pottery might be the oldest one among all other forms of art and it has been proven to exist even 8000 years ago when people used to mix clay and water and used to heat the mixture till it got into the desired shape. The invention of pottery and ceramic art was developed as a tool to create more vessels like glasses and bowls and it ultimately led to the improvement in the standard of living. The evolution in the overall technology and methods used in case of pottery has been directly proportional to the growing ...

Culture

Contemporary art is an art that offers current and fresh point of view and perspective, and usually utilize new techniques as well as new media. Current wave of contemporary Chinese art is because of negative influence of government and institute. There are many contributors in China who have played an effectual role in improving the condition of society and also condition of art world in China. Chinese culture’s landscape has been continuously shaped by search and achievement of power. However, in an effort to ensure maintenance of power, and getting control over Chinese contemporary art production after culture ...

Introduction

The works that the Chinese created since the Qing Dynasty marked the essence of its iconography. It gave the Chinese artists a specific place and space in world art, as they rendered subjects, materials and objects in a particular detail, and composition. The Qing Dynasty also gave rise to the portrayal of the Taoye tu that was commissioned by the Emperor Qianlong. The artwork particularly emphasized the manufacturing of the porcelain objects, but it emphasized the illustrations that were portrayed as “sequential viewed sets,” thus, it created a set of ordered visual illustrations. In light of this, it would ...

Many Ancient Chinese emperors used eunuchs not only to work in the harems, but also to perform all sorts of tasks of economic and administrative order and allowed eunuchs to carry out a significant role in governance. Era of Ming dynasty was characterized with the confrontation between the two groups vying for the actual control of the state apparatus. Mandarins were highly educated officials who represented "official" state apparatus. Mandarins were proud of their knowledge, adherence to Confucian ideology and loyalty (Tsai 19). Often, Ming emperors communicated with the outside world, including senior mandarins, mainly through the eunuchs, which ...

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#1 Question classmates have answered: What do you have in mind when you think of the Silk Road? Who were the most famous travelers on the Silk Road?

Tell me something of the following periods:

Han China. (206 BCE-220 CE)  T'ang China (618-907) (Leave comment) Classmate (Kevin M) 1 answer: 76The Silk Road is the ancient trading route that connected China to Europe, going through the Persian Empire. This was a huge source of income for all parties involved as goods flowed through this path. ...

Question 1 – The Silk Road

The Silk Road is thought to have been pioneered by Zhang Qian who chose to open well known ancient trade roads. Between 139 BC and 119 BC, he traveled bring with him massive amounts of data about Western Asia and Central Asia. Originally thought to be termed as such by German geographer Ferninand on Richthoten during the 1870s, the Silk Road was not actually one single road but a series of routes, treks and trips throughout Central Asia, as East met North; the major players in this new intra-territorial and overseas ventures were the Mediterranean, Greece and Asia (Waugh, ...

For many historians and academics, globalization was a big bang phenomenon of 1492. The onset of globalization is thus often related to the voyage of Christopher Columbus, which resulted in his discovery of the Americas. Later on, Vas Co Da Gama’s voyage around Africa and his eventual entry into spice trading further laid the foundation of globalization and interconnectedness. The focus of this essay is to develop a clear analysis of the actual onset of the globalization process. It seeks to show that globalization was present even before the famously-acclaimed voyage of 1492. Globalization in itself denotes the ...

Introduction

For quite some time, the Western world had treated China as a minion. The relations between the West and China were frosty and that was attributable to the fact that western nations imposed reforms that they thought would work in China. However, the situation changed when Mr. Anson Burlingame was appointed head of Chinese delegation to the West. He made a passionate speech to the president, and his efforts were rewarded when he signed the first equal treaty between the West and China. In Mr. Burlingame’s speech, he said that no Empire had developed than that of China. ...

In the research made by de Crespigny on The Battle of Bowang which is historically known as the Battle of the Bowang Slope, he shared that it was a collision between the forces of two the warlords- Cao Cao and Liu Bei in the 202 reported late in the Eastern Han Dynasty (56). Initially, one of the warlords, Liu Bei, sought protection under one of the Northern land’s warlords ,Yuan Shao, after being initially defeated by Cao Cao’s army in 200 in a battle located in Xu Province. However, Liu Bei later on abandoned Shao after he ...

Compliment of the Chinese Writing System

Writing is an essential way of expressing some feelings that a person may have. In the ancient world, a writing system of an individual community varied from another because people had limited contact that resulted in fewer interactions, hence, was not able to exchange ideas and develop new systems. China has had a unique culture, and this is evident in the writing system they use. In the current world, there have been interactions between China and other nations, and this has brought some changes in the writing system due to the exchange of ideas. The main reason for changes ...

Introduction

In Chinese history, political, state and the economic system has changed during the Spring and Autumn Period that lasted about 300 years. It was during era that there is substantial transformation in the political, economic, and social structure of Chinese civilization. However, amidst these changes are widespread conflicts in the society such as warring elite families and other conflicts that the government cannot match. According to Confucius, who was born during the latter part of the Spring and Autumn, the societal disorder was largely because the government was not virtuous enough to please the people. The teachings of Confucius ...

Abstract

Throughout history, women have had to struggle to make their voices heard in the public sphere. In many ancient societies, including China, patriarchy was the norm and women were forbidden to be a part of the outside world. Because of the influence of Confucianism and its strict social codes, women’s voices were silenced in history. However, this very social environment gave women a chance to express their feelings, often camouflaged, through poetry. As a result, Chinese literature has become a wonderful storehouse of women’s experiences during the rule of the Ming and Qing dynasties. This essay aims ...

During the 17th and the 18th centuries, social and economic changes earmarked a new era of openness to cultural variety and innovative thinking. Major steps and changes took place in literature, education, religion, and family status (p.258) The Korean dynasty experienced numerous cultural developments that focused on improving the status within the society. Literature activity flourished during this period. Both the Chinese men and the Korean women used poetry to pass the time. The Hangul (HAN-gul) alphabet was used in composing the poems. During this period, short tales and long novels were composed the Korean women or the classical ...

Over time, Buddhism has expanded from its initial roots in India and spread to other parts of the world. Historians believe that Buddhism came to be known in China around the second century B.C. The earliest representations of Buddhas are seen to date to second and third century. Indian prototypes of Buddhist sculpture carries powerful physique and thin clothing while the Chinese prototypes feature thin bodies with thick clothing (Chinese Buddhist Sculpture 2010). The earliest complex Japanese art is connected with the spread of Buddhism in the seventh and eighth centuries C.E (Japanese art 2014). Imperial courts and aristocratic ...

This author, Paul Forage, uses sources that are relevant to the time period he is writing the article and these include books and journal articles touching on previous similar wars in the Chinese history. Further, the author also mentions military manuals and information about some of the commanders he mentions in his work and who played a significant role in the war between Song and Xi Xia. The author has however not expressly mentioned most of these sources relied upon but has effectively highlighted and even expounded on each and every one of them in the footnotes and endnotes. ...

China Mid-Autumn Festival August 15th of the lunar calendar is the traditional Mid-Autumn Festival in China. The mid - Autumn Festival is the second most important festival after the Spring Festival for the Chinese people. Every year when the holiday comes, people return home from all over the world to meet their families and have dinner with them. The mid-Autumn Festival in China is traditionally celebrated on the 15th day of the eighth lunisolar month. The festival is the second most important festival after the Spring Festival for the Chinese people. Every year when the holiday comes people return ...

China’s defeat in the hands of foreign powers through the Opium Wars proved that neither Chinese technology nor political system was as good as those of the foreign countries (Schell & Delury, 2013). This made China to rely on the technology of outsiders that gradually weakened the Chinese economy. Thus China began to compromise on its own tradition and indigenous knowledge. In fact, China was blessed with vast human capital and traditional wisdom; sadly, the dynastic rulers could not make effective use of them. Instead, they believed that the foreign wisdom was superior and tried to adopt it without ...

The necessity of hierarchies when societies seek to impose specific gender roles are evident in the literature written during the reign of the Tang Dynasty. Apparently, the understanding of male and female roles revolved around the specific behaviors and actions to which one either adhered or performed according to his or her sex orientation. Thus, as per the views of the societies in the mentioned period, men were to behave differently in comparison to their female counterparts. To that end, no matter how one looks at such an arrangement, the women were of a lower social rank while men ...

Historically, Chinese economy was powerful, thanks to the entrepreneurship of the local Chinese population. Even as China developed the metallic plow and initiated globalization by the 9th century AD by introducing the iron plow to the rest of the world, the Chinese invention led to Agricultural revolution in Europe. The silk route that opened the trade relations of the Chinese Dynasties with Rome and other Asian countries gradually led to the presence of more global merchants in China. China’s trade with the outside world flourished and the dynasty appeared to dominate the world trade and economy. However, the ...

Impact of Liu and Ning experiences as a result of the historical events and changes in the late 19th and early 20th centuries The historical events and changes that occurred in the late 19th and early 20th century influenced many people in China. By using Liu as the protagonist, Henrietta Harrison, in her book The Man Awakened from Dreams: One Man's Life in a North China Village highlights that the Confucianism ideals, education system, and Boxer Uprising had a great impact on Chinese people. Similarly, in her book, Ida Pruitt observes that the challenges women went through during the ...

The subject of the session is “Culture and Relationships,” also known as “Guanxi” in Chinese. There are three levels of study in the session: Chinese philosophy, Chinese culture, and Guanxi. The Chinese philosophy is composed of five pillars: Confucianism, legalism, Daoism, Buddhism, and communism. Confucianism is a moral system that has been guiding behavior of people since the Han dynasty. It has five constant virtues: humanity (ren)-the obligation of humaneness and altruism towards other people; righteousness (yi)-process of upholding morality and the ethical character to do the right deeds; propriety (li)-the system of ceremonial customs and ...

The historical fiction describes the epic proportions that took place in the 14th century. The narration by Luo Guanzhong depicts the events that happened at the time when the Han dynasty was coming down dividing China into three distinct kingdoms. One of the leaders was Liu Bei, noble from the crumble Han dynasty with the most powerful claim to the throne. His archrival Cao Cao was a poem writer as well as a ruthless general. Liu Bein is assisted by Zhang Fei a rash and loyal warrior. The third player is Zhuge Liang a master strategist and scholar who ...

Most people would argue that eastern festivals have distinctive features compared to western festivals. Though similarities exist, such as family-gathering, decorating the streets and drinking wines, most eastern festivals are celebrations in honor of a deity (i.e. Navratri in India), or a blessing (i.e. Harvest Festivals). In China, one of the most celebrated festivals is known as the Mid-Autumn Festival. Similar to other festivals, it is believed that the Mid-Autumn Festival affects the social setting within communities in China, especially because it is one of the most celebrated festivals. To understand the social relevance of the Mid-Autumn Festival, I ...

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Introduction Economic freedom refers to a state or condition wherein people and organizations can do business freely without being ruled over or being subject to any restrictions or limitations. In his seminal work, ‘An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations,’ Adam Smith, a British philosopher and economist, argued that laissez-faire, or the doctrine that industries and markets functions best if they are unregulated and free, is best for the economy. Smith believes that if the markets are unregulated, traders and merchants will compete against each other in order to provide better products ...

Introduction

The Chinese urban planning is based on a long history that can be traced back from the Ming Dynasty. For several years, the place has been famous for its architectural style that continues to attract many people across the world. One of the landmarks of the ancient Chinese architecture within Beijing is the Forbidden City (Hongkui 8). The Forbidden City housed the traditional Chinese emperor and empress from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty. The old city of Beijing was first erected during the Yuan Dynasty and developed during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The place boasts of ...

Introduction

Yuan Zhen wrote the Yingying story during the time of the Tang Dynasty. This story is considered to be one of the first work of literature in China. The story revolves around a love story between a 16-year-old girl named Yingying and a 21-year-old man named as Chang, who was a student. In analyzing the story, one can get a glimpse of the Tang Dynasty and its culture. Another issue that can be observed is Buddhism in, which many people during that era were practicing it. However, in Tang Dynasty, the main religion was Taoism, but they had started ...

Liu Kuan-tao (date of birth is unknown), probably lived from 1264 to 1294, a native of Hebei province of modern China, was a famous court painter in the early years of the reign of the Mongol Yuan dynasty. In 1279, he was appointed to the post of superintendent of the imperial wardrobe of the emperor. In his paintings in the genre of "religious attributes", "figures of people and animals" he used mainly manner of painting adherent to preceding Jin and Tang dynasties; in genres of painting landscapes he copied realistic styles of Li Cheng and Guo Xi. In the ...

Before starting propounding specific ideas and citing specific examples let us define exactly what the “Old World” and the “New World” is. This is especially important as there are different approaches to what these definitions mean. So for the purposes of this paper the Old World is not the part of the world that has had civilization and political entities in its territory chronologically earlier than other parts of the world, but the part of the world that in which concentrated political and social processes we as Europeans know them from history. That being said, the notion of the ...

The age of exploration and colonialism was in fact the first period of globalization starting in the early Modern and going through the modern period. European explorers, traders, merchants and governments were primarily interested with trade with Asia and the Americas. The connection between silver from Spanish America and Asian spices and luxury products was one of the main drivers of the world economy from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century. As always economic changes seem to have another, even larger social impacts. Greater interconnectivity between Europe, its American colonies and Asian markets and its connection to the global ...

‘Call to Arms’ book is excellent collection of short stories, written by Chinese author Lu Xun. The author, through his stories, tries to describe the cruel realities of traditional Chinese society. ‘Call to Arms’ stories were originally written during 1920s by Lu Xun in Chinese language. All stories of ‘Call to Arms’ were translated by Y. Hasien-yi and G. Yang and were published in year 1960 for the first time. The stories introduce readers to social, health care and other problems, existing in the China. The author tries to act as a social critic by depicting social problems of ...

Made In China: Chinese Artistic Representations of Capitalist Consumption

In this exhibition, themes of appropriation and authenticity play themselves out in the works of Chinese artists Ai Wei Wei, Tamen, and Liu Bolin. Ai Wei Wei challenges us to reconsider what is authentic and what is consumerism. Liu Bolin’s works represents consumerism in the style of the vacation postcard — except in his photographs, the figure is camouflaged, evocative of the notion of China incorporated into a culture, but not identified. Ta Men’s paintings evoke the original anecdote of authenticity and food in the North American imagination. Chinese art that represents capitalist consumption brings to mind two ...

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Introduction Slavery is often considered as a social institution or an established practice that has existed since the early history of mankind and is present in almost all regions of the world. Among the earliest accounts of slavery were found in the ancient cities of Mesopotamia as early as 2,300 B.C.. However, it could not be fully established as to when slavery actually started as its genesis was lost in the passage of time. An important point to consider though in studying the origins of slavery is that it could not have existed during the time ...

The history of medicine in Asia dates back to the days of dynasties and emperors. The Shang Dynasty that existed between the 14th and 11th centuries BCE had medical practices within its society (Bynum et al, Page 12-54). Even though historians argue that the Shang never had a clear concept of medicine, certain practices showed that they engaged in medical activities, however, primitive they were. Various inscriptions that the Shang community did on tortoise shells and bones refer to various illnesses that affected the Shang royal family. Most inscriptions relate to diseases such as toothaches, eye disorders, and bloated abdomens. ...

How the history of Vietnam and China were intertwined from 111 B.C. to 1500

The people who inhabited Vietnam were believed to have originated from Indonesia and settled in Vietnam’s Tonkin Delta. Archaeologists have traced the prehistoric migration by using stone tools that were used in Vietnam 10,000 years ago. Numerous developments took place throughout Vietnam and China from 111 B.C. to 1500. People who moved to Vietnam brought their technology, culture and language from China. Vietnam was colonized by the Han Dynasty in 111 B.C. Historians from china believed that the Vietnamese people were uncivilized and Barbarian (Womack, 2006).

The Chinese colonist established business centers on the coast of Vietnam ...

What is the individual’s place in society in the Horse Boy?

The documentary film of “Horse Boy” is an amazing story that talks about a family that experience miraculous transformation of their autistic son through the exploration of the wilderness and close encounters with horses. The couple Rupert and Kristin had an autistic son Rowan who showed signs of autism at the age of two. They tried to find ways for the healing of their son. One day, while they travelled to the place of the shamans and had an adventure through horseback riding, they were surprised when Rowan started talking and interacting with the people around him. They saw that ...

These four dynasties which succeeded each other in controlling the area of central China, each made significant but slightly different contributions to Chinese unification and culture. The Shang dynasty oversaw significant advances in technology. Especially in the areas of bronze working and pottery. Various musical instruments were invented in this period and advances in astronomy led to significant observations of Mars and passing comets. The Shang dynasty was always under threat from all sides, and, although it aggressively and successfully defended its territory, it could not extend it authority over neighbouring rebellious tribes such as the \fang in ...

The Resurgence of Chinese Power and the Coming of Islam

In this article the author argues that: “the establishment of the Ming dynasty constituted an age of Chinese ascendancy, largely the result of the aggressive foreign policies of the early Ming emperors and their successful reassertion of the tribute system” (181). The main point is that there were lots of impressive decisions and discoveries made that promoted the authority of the emperor to the highest level as well as lots of pity mistakes that diminished the possible gains. From the author’s point of view and as human experience suggests, no people’s hegemony lasts forever and the Chinese ...

From the Ming Dynasty to the end of the reign of Qing Dynasty, Forbidden City was the imperial palace to the Chinese. It is situated in the middle of Beijing and presently houses the current palace Museum. Palace museum is one of the world’s famous museums because of its collection of ancient materials which were used during the reign of the Qing and Ming dynasties. Palace museum served as the home of emperors, together with their family’s households. It was highly respected since ever one viewed it as the throne to the leadership of the Chinese nation. ...

Question 1: Rivalries

Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping were all leaders in the Chinese government and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Prior to 1949 everyone generally followed Mao’s lead in setting policy. But Liu and Deng began to resist Mao’s ideas and power following the establishment of the People’s Republic of China. Whereas Mao believed that the CCP and government should remain focused on revolutionary agitation, public mobilization, collectivization and leadership appeal to advance the country; Liu and Deng believed that the country’s focus should be less on the personality of the leaders and revolution and ...

English

Li Bai, One of the World’s Greatest Poets In the greater scheme of things, it’s very rare that a poet is published in multiple languages. We may hear of it a lot, especially if you study poetry, but it’s usually the same group of names, from roughly the same time periods; a select hundred or so poets from the last couple centuries. They come primarily from the Western Hemisphere, and primarily in the Western Hemisphere their poetry remains, no matter how great it is. I know it’s great, because I’ve gotten to experience it now that ...

Introduction The desire for beauty led individuals into mutilating their bodies, a practice that was carried out by many different cultures of the world. Examples of some of the practices are plastic surgery, tattooing, circumcision, but none compares to the pain and effort that accompanied foot binding, which was practiced by the ancient Chinese. Dorothy, In Every day a lotus, indicates that the culture of foot binding began in China in the tenth century during the reign of the Tang dynasty. The culture lasted for a long period which is approximated to be around 1000 years. The Tang dynasty had ...