Essays on Chronic Pain

Analgesics and opioids have been widely used for the treatment and management of chronic pain in the healthcare sector. Opioids provide better and faster relief to patients with chronic pain compared to non-opioid analgesics. However, the long-term effects of opioids can be devastating. Cancer patients often require comprehensive treatment with respect to pain management. Opioids is considered as the gold standard for most cancer patients with chronic pain which may relate to improved quality of life and improved patient satisfaction. Opioids have a history for substance abuse and the same appears to be a risk to cancer patients. Based ...

Introduction

Based on advances in mind-body research and the practicality of self-kindness and mindfulness, self-compassion offers a new way of thinking about the practical strategies for ending chronic pain. Self-compassion includes a stance of compassion, friendliness, interest, and open-heartedness toward an experience observed in the present moment. The management of chronic pain today incorporates both physical and psychological interventions because of the significance of self-compassion which relates to aspects such as acceptance of chronic pain, focus on individual strength, and lower levels of negative perception of the pain experience. A study in which an experimental vignette was used investigating the ...

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Introduction

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and an emotional experience which is associated with the potential damage of tissues (Gregory & Haigh, 2008). There are various factors that contribute to the pain psychology such as psychological and environmental. Acute pain is associated with the actual tissue damage which is associated with the surgical incidence and tissue damage. When the pain is experienced for a longer period due to unknown reasons or any underlying problem, it’s called chronic pain which illustrates the pain of Mr. John Smith due to ...

Introduction

Chronic pain is associated with the pain behaviors that cannot be comprehensively explained from the biomedical perspective. Pain is a psychophysiological unpleasant sensory and perceptual experience provoked by injury or diseases (Talaei, Labbaf, Tabatabayi, & Barekatain, 2015). Chronic pain experience involves the perception of the unpleasant physical stimuli as well as the interpretation of the sensations of pain and evaluation of the experience as one that creates suffering. This means that chronic pain imposes physical, emotional, and sociological stress on individuals. The relationship between the emotional, physical, and sociological factors appears causal rather than simply correlational. In the past years, ...

The causes of both acute and chronic abdominal pains may be different among persons within different age-groups as a result of the age effect on predisposition to certain causative factors (Budhram & Bengiamin, 2013).

Acute abdominal pain in 20-year old versus 50-year-old males

For a 20-year old male, acute abdominal pains may be caused by various gastrointestinal conditions that are more prevalent within this age-group, mainly due to lifestyle issues. Among these factors include; gastritis and GERD (Budhram & Bengiamin, 2013). These two conditions may be caused by increased intake of acidic foods and drinks such as coffee and tea. Additionally, an acute abdominal pain for a 20-year-old male may ...

I. Introduction The cultivation and use of Marijuana dates back to ancient times when man cultivated this cannabis plant for its medicinal benefits. Archaeological research revealed Cannabis-based textiles which has been around 7,000 BC have been found in the northern part of China. Scientific testing leads to the conclusion that the most probably, the “ancient culture cultivated cannabis for pharmaceutical, psychoactive, and divinatory purposes” (Armentano, 2). In the present-day, the medicinal value of marijuana has been recognized by many medical practitioners; for instance, this plant has been proven as an effective way to alleviate some symptoms associated with ...

Ray WA, Chung CP, Murray KT, Hall K, Stein C. Prescription of Long-Acting Opioids and Mortality in Patients With Chronic Noncancer Pain. JAMA. 2016;315(22):2415-2423. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.7789.

Prescription of Long-Acting Opioids and Mortality in Patients With Chronic Noncancer Pain Wayne A. Ray, PhD1; Cecilia P. Chung, MD, MPH2; Katherine T. Murray, MD2,3; Kathi Hall, BS1; C. Michael Stein, MB, ChB2,3 [+] Author Affiliations JAMA. 2016;315(22):2415-2423. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.7789.

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Abstract ABSTRACT | INTRODUCTION | METHODS | RESULTS | DISCUSSION | CONCLUSIONS | ARTICLE INFORMATION | REFERENCES Importance  Long-acting opioids increase the risk of unintentional overdose deaths but also may increase ...

The information presented in the brochure is very informative; it emphasizes the role of pain management in patient-centered care and clarifies the position of The Joint Commission on standards in pain management. The brochure also gives a historical background to standards in pain management and the progress in development and adoption of better standards. It also highlights ongoing debates in the medical community such as whether pain should be considered a vital sign. Under treatment of pain is a major challenge in the endeavor to increase the quality of health services and make it patient-centered. Standards in pain management ...

Abstract

The high prevalence of substance use in the society has made more users to depend on opioid drugs to relieve pains and discomfort because of addiction. The problem contributes to high number of hospital visits and increasing admission rates in hospital’s acute care departments. The following paper aims at reviewing the literature on the acute pain management in chronic pain patients and opioid dependent patients. The outcome of the review plays a critical role in the field nursing practice by assisting professionals to develop strategies that help prevent adverse effects for the patient suffering from acute pain. The ...

Section 1

Part A: Assessment Cause Hank’s pain comes from a two-year-old surgery and radiotherapy for his left lung mesothelioma. Objective Data Hank is alert, oriented and can respond to questions in an appropriate manner. Hank’s skin appears pale with slight perspiration. The VAS assessment kit shows an intensity score of 2/10. Furthermore, Hank demonstrates distress on movement with visible restrictions on trunk movements. Finally, Hank’s chest is clear though with reduced air entry.

Subjective Data

Hank explains that he has a constant burning pain localized in his left chest area. He states that the pain has been continuous since ...

Senior seminar of Psychology

Fairleigh Dickinson University The main point of this paper is to discuss how Cognitive behavioral therapy can be an effective treatment for Posttraumatic stress Disorder. In today’s world we are able to see how this topic is can be relevant to our lives. Not everybody has the misfortunate of having to go through such a tough disorder. But we never know if there will be a time where it might just hit us or significant others. Therefore having knowledge of this disorder is very important especially for those people that are frequently going through tough times in their ...

Chronic back pain is one the key health problems encountered especially in primary care. As such, proper evaluation of patients with a history of back pain is an essential step that guides and enables healthcare professionals to come up with suitable interventions as well as management strategies. In the light of this, the evaluation should include a comprehensive history assessment as well as the physical examination. Among the key components to include in the patient’s history assessment includes; a brief description in regard to the onset of the pain, duration, pattern and intensity of the back pain, activities ...

I will use the Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement (ICSI, 2013) assessment protocol to evaluate the patient. I will conduct a history, physical, and assessments of pain and function. I will next ascertain the biological causes of the patient’s back pain, i.e. if the pain is neuropathic, muscle-related, inflammatory or compressive/mechanical (ICSI, 2013). If the pain is chronic, it is necessary to find out if the cause can be corrected which may require referral to a specialist. If not, I will perform assessments of work, disability, psychological and spiritual wellbeing, contributing factors, and barriers to pain management (ICSI, ...

INTRODUCTION

Cannabis Sativa was one of the most used plants up until its ban in the 1970’s in the United States. However, California passed the use of the plant for medicinal purposes by a wide margin in the Proposition 215 of November 1996 (Kramer). There are proponents and opponents to the use of marijuana in any situation, and both sides bear strong views to support their case. In California for instance, it is permitted by law for ill patients to cultivate and use marijuana. The law stipulates that they should have a medical recommendation from a physician. The use ...

Abstract

Long-term care is rendered to people with varying levels of functional deficit. Depending on the type of the disability and the status of the wellbeing of the long-term care user, the needs vary. Some long-term care users need minimal assistance while others need maximum assistance. Long-term care is meant to help people with functional deficits to live a comfortable life as much as possible. There are various levels of long-term care options that people should select according to their needs. They include among others; nursing home, home care, home health care, assisted living facility, and community-based care settings. Each ...

Bob Marley once remarked that, “Herb is the healing of a nation, alcohol is the destruction.” This statement is reflective of many people’s views on marijuana, and it is considered the lesser evil in drug usage. Marijuana was mostly used by those who smoked it for leisure until recently when the use for medical purposes was made legal. The legalization of medical marijuana by 23 states may be ill-advised since research shows that it has significant side effects, potent risk of abuse, and little evidence to support healing factors. According to research by pediatricians Steven Wright and Cheryl ...

Elliott, A. M., Smith, B. H., Penny, K., Smith, W. C., & Chambers, W. A. (1999). The epidemiology of chronic pain in the community. The Lancet, 354(9186), 1248–1252. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases. This study describes an early epidemiologic study on chronic pain. The authors recognized chronic pain as one of the problems the community faced. The researchers took a study to quantify and describe the distribution of chronic pain in the community. The researchers carried out their study using 5036 patients, who were aged 25 years and above. The study was based in the UK. The ...

Introduction

Medical marijuana legalization has taken shape of a movement in the United States of America as people continue to debate the pros and cons of legalization in the news media. Since the year 1973, 12 American states have made changes to their laws to reduce penalties for possession of marijuana (Austin, 2016). This is because there are certain pros associated with the legalization of marijuana, but the cons should not be completely avoided that come along with it. Legalization of marijuana would certainly be a success for the on-going Decriminalization Movement and will provide several economic and health pros ...

My interview with acupuncturist, Dr. Lee Cho, was highly educational, and I learned a great deal about the history, philosophy, and practice of traditional Chinese medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine has a history of healing success that is thousands of years old. Moreover, Chinese medicine is based on a philosophy of healing that includes the mind, body, and spirit. In practice, its goal is to remove energy blockages. Dr. Cho was very helpful in explaining Chinese medicine’s history, philosophy, as well as its modern practice to me, and, in the process, taught me a great deal about my culture’ ...

Marijuana should be legalized and the reasons for legalization far outweigh the reasons to keep it an illegal drug. Men and women over the years have been known to use drugs - addictive, psychoactive, mind altering and otherwise for various purposes. Drugs that are illegal now were once legal and used for medicinal purposes. Making a certain drug legal or illegal is as much a political decision as it is a decision based on the health ofthe population. Although there is a certain ambiguity about where to place Marijuana in the different classes of drugs, there has been in ...

Theory Application

Introduction: In introducing the main assumptions and tenets of both psychoanalytic and cognitive-behavioral theory it is important to account for the underlying principles that each is built upon. In order to contrast and compare these basic principles and how they focus on the underlying changes that are evident in the clients there is a need to develop an effective method for considering the cases that are available. The challenge in doing so is indicated by the underlying tenets of each theory. In regards to psychoanalytic theory, there is a need to understand the unconscious mental processes that occur. In ...

Abstract

PRN narcotics combined with massage therapy represent a typical clinical practice used to manage acute pain. Nonetheless, PRN narcotics have come under increasing scrutiny because of their association with safety and dependence problems. The present study presents a review of current literature on the use of massage as a pain management technique. Researchers have identified the effectiveness of foot massage, touch massage, vibration therapy combined with adjunctive massage, and rhythmical massage in the control of stress and postoperative pain. In a recent study, patients with back pain have reported experiencing chronic pain for about one to eight years following ...

I. Google Search A. http://www.mymsaa.org/about-ms/overview/ This is a website of Multiple Sclerosis Association of America. Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease wherein the myelin sheath sof the nerves are damaged causing symptoms such as numbness, fatigue, mobility problems and more (Mymsaa.org). 5 Facts

A steroid (Cortisone) was first to treat Multiple Sclerosis relapses in the year 1951.

The French neurologist, Jean-Martin Charcot gave MS its name in 1868. The myelin sheath or the protective covering of nerves is damaged in MS. “Lesions” or “plaques” are the inflamed or damaged areas in the brain and spinal cord. Worldwide, about 2.5 million individuals have Multiple Sclerosis. (Mymsaa.org) No specific author was indicated in the page. ...

Abstract

Both quantitative and qualitative research are equally important for the studying any discipline as they allow see the subject from different perspectives. In her article, Susan Peck turns to quantitative research with the purpose of determining whether therapeutic touch really helps elders with arthritis to maintain or improve their functional ability. The research is based on a solid theoretical basis, as the author tries to understand the intervention of TT by addressing the Roger’s theory. The quantitative research of the author is indeed sizeable. Therefore, only 108 of 60, 000 entered research, with more than twenty dropping out ...

The debate to legally sell weed has been going on for decades. Many see it as only a bad drug that causes harm and ruin lives. They think weed will lead people to trying other worse drugs. Some also think weed will lead to more crime or that weed will become addictive. But others know it can be used for medicine. It can treat anything from anxiety to chronic pain. Weed is also proven to be a less harmful drug than legal substances like alcohol. Those who want to sell weed legally also know it will be good for the country ...

According to Slagter and Georgopoulou (2013), “attentional blink refers to impairment in detecting the second of two target stimuli presented in close succession in a rapid system of distracters”. People will have problems in identifying the second stimuli when it comes after the first stimuli within 200-500ms (Slagter and Georgopoulou, 2013). Different reasons have been provided for this condition such as the brain having inadequate capacity to process information in the working memory (Slagter and Georgopoulou, 2013). Additionally, the authors note, “attentional blink has been attributed with the dysfunctional gating of information to working memory rather than the ...

Introduction:

The use of marijuana in medical treatment has long been a hotly debated treatment method. Typically used to treat chronic pain, marijuana’s analgesic properties have been proven an effective form of pain management. However, stigmas surrounding recreational drug use have clouded the public’s view of marijuana leading to controversial policy changes and the banning of marijuana use, medical or otherwise in some states.

Thesis:

By looking at both the benefits of marijuana and its negative connotations, I endeavor to show that marijuana can have substantial benefits in medical treatment. Stereotypes and stigmas should be removed from this discussion instead ...

In the United States, the mobile phone is a device that you can find adults using in communication as well as their children. Roughly, 60 percent of teens and ninety-three percent of adults use cell phones in the United States (Barnes and Meyers 13). Regardless of the model, Blackberry, Android, iPhone or a basic flip phone, it is obvious that every user checks the phone for alerts, calls or messages especially when the device is not in a vibrating or ringing mode. Admittedly, the convenience of communication that the mobile phones provide is central to the increasing number of users. Notably, an ...

Cortisol is a steroid hormone synthesized in adrenal glands with a myriad of functions mainly in the endocrine and immune systems, and produced during stress circumstances. Under normal conditions, stimuli such as a pathogen release immune proteins called interleukins, which further activate T-lymphocyte cells. T-cells multiply to amplify the immune response and ultimately attack the pathogen (Abbas, 2014). Other immune responses are simultaneously activated, e.g. the complement system. The complement system exerts its functions through three pathways: classical, alternative or lectin pathways. The main activators of the classical pathway are antigen-antibody complexes, which trigger a series of events mainly mediated by complement proteins ...

ABSTRACT

Human beings deal with the reality of a world with a plethora of conditions, illnesses and diseases that threaten the health and livelihood of the population on a day-to-say basis. One such persistent disease that many Americans, both young and old, are suffering from is Crohn’s Disease. Crohn’s disease is commonly diagnosed on a regular basis all across the United States, however the reality is that medical realm does not specifically known what causes Crohn’s disease or why it has become so prevalent; some believe it is a combination of immune system deficiencies, genetic predisposition and environmental factors. The condition effects ...

Abstract

The research paper discusses the origin and nature of methadone, including the historical aspect of its development and further commercial and scientific use. The paper also describes the pharmacology of methadone, including the route of administration of the drug, its metabolism and its mechanism of action. Next section of the paper explains the experience in medical use of methadone, as it`s a great alternative to the painkillers based on the opiates, it plays a major role in the therapy of maintaining and replacement and treating the withdrawals syndromes. The positive effects on the pregnant patients are also described here with a ...

[Subject/Course] [Submission Date]

The older adults mostly have chronic pain as a major healthcare problem. According to a research, “50 percent of older adults who live on their own and 75-85 percent of the elderly in care facilities suffer from chronic pain” ("Seniors and Chronic Pain"). However, the under-treatment of chronic pain brings serious health outcomes like sadness, unease, decreased mobility, communal segregation; deprived sleep, and associated health hazards. Chronic pain conditions are of various types i.e. osteoarthritis, musculoskeletal, diabetic neuropathy. The back, hip, knees/legs, and other joints are the most common sites where chronic pain occurs. This pain ...

Marijuana is a psychoactive drug that is mainly used as an illicit drug and for medicinal purposes. It is said to be the most commonly used drug worldwide today. Its legalization has been a topic of contention among many, with both sides giving strong reasons about their stand. Due to its psychoactive effect, the drug has been illegalized in many nations, except for a few who have legalized it for medicinal purposes. The question is should medicinal marijuana be legalized? Yes, medicinal marijuana should be legalized in order to save lives that are being lost, yet something can be done. In addition, it ...

Hemophilia is a chronic medical disorder that causes internal bleeding and can result in deformity, joint mobility impairment, chronic pain, and narcotic medication abuse. There is no cure for hemophilia, so psychological interventions are necessary to help the affected individuals manage their condition and emotionally cope with the consequences of the disorder. Even though psychological interventions are considered an essential part of care delivery to hemophilia patients and their families, most of the interventions focus on acceptance, coping strategies, and cognitive-behavioral changes while neglecting potential psychiatric problems associated with hemophilia. This paper will discuss the importance of psychological interventions for ...

Pain is one of the common health problems that prompt immediate medical attention. Pain, a normal bodily response to negative stimuli, can negatively affect one’s quality of life if treatment is not readily administered or applied (Baliki, Geha, Apkarian, and Chialvo, 2008). Pain, as described by The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP), is considered as the unpleasant sensation felt by a patient in the event of potential or actual exposure to any forms of tissue damage (Kyranou and Puntillo, 2012). Pain serves as an automatic withdrawal reflex that signals the occurrence of a potential or actual harm (Kyranou ...

Abstract

Cocaine has a variety of physiological manifestations. Cocaine is a local anesthetic that was discovered in the sixteenth century. The characteristic of being a local anesthetic is the primary attribute for its application in medicine. There are a number of compounds that have been recently created that are more effective than cocaine for the purposes of anesthesia. Cocaine also has the characteristic of being a potent vascoconstrictant. The applications of vascoconstrictant are effective for the implementation of throat and nose surgery. The application of cocaine in the nose and throat areas has the characteristic of deterring bleeding. Cocaine also has influence over the sympathetic ...

Management strategies for adult patients with pain in outpatient clinics

Introduction The current study describes a framework that applies systems thinking to the issue of under-management of chronic pain in outpatient hospitals. It expands the nursing focus from individual patients to the healthcare system. Consequently, the study investigates the various strategies of chronic pain management and formulates an effective approach for addressing under-management of chronic pain. Subsequently, it discusses the application of the scheme in a Chronic Pain Management Program. The formation of the management program is significant to the advanced nursing practice because it has the potential to ameliorate the care of all patients at a system level. Therefore, system ...

Music and its association with the medical field

There is a substantial amount of evidence based on the therapeutic benefits of music, some of the evidence dating back thousands of years ago. Many civilizations such as India, China, Egypt, Greece, and Rome have documented the role of music in the medical field. It was during World War I and II where the first ever clinical setting based on music therapy was conducted. The study was based on the therapeutic effect of music in soldiers to relieve pain after trauma from war-based injuries. These studies led to the foundation of music therapy in different fields of the medical world. ( ...

In summer 2014, New York became the 23d state to legalize medical usage of marijuana. The State Assembly issued the Compassionate Care Act on June, the 20th. This research paper addresses pros and cons of legalization of marijuana for medical purposes in New York City not touching the controversial issue of legalization of marijuana for recreational purposes. Marijuana has been used for medical purposes for ages. Medical marijuana refers to the extraction from the plants named Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica (Whitehall, 2014.). Those plants contain over sixty various chemicals, including delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, the primary psychoactive ingredient) and ...

It is difficult to arrive at a common agreement about the meaning of pain. However, everyone will agree that pain implies physical discomfort. Pain can be in the form of aching, throbbing, smarting, stinging, pinching, pricking or burning. Most people associate pain with a physical injury. It can be a minor injury like a scratch or a major injury like a broken limb. The intensity and duration of the feeling of pain depends upon the seriousness of the injury. When we think of the term pain deeply, we realize that pain cannot be explained in a simple way. There are many types of pain. The understanding ...

Fall 2014

Assignment Questions - Identify TWO medications that the doctor might prescribe to you to help relieve the pain you complain of in your legs? Describe what each of these medications is prescribed for, the form they are available in, their side effects, possible adverse effects and the contraindications. You MUST choose medications that would be safe for you, the client to use (consider the current health issues). (8 marks) Pain medications help relieve pain and can have side-effects. Acetaminophen is an example of a common pain reliever. NSAIDs (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) and narcotics are other types of pain ...

Health care disorders contribute to severe distress of various degrees among patients. Especially, a pain developed while suffering from a disorder or condition could induce severe concerns. Apart from this, it is essential to realize that one should experience some kind of pain at some stage in life. Problem: There are some failures among nurses and other health care professionals in measuring and responding to the patient’s pain. Background: The area of precise pain management has become understudied in terms of its control, treatment, assessment and evaluation of harmful effects. So, pain management continues to present several challenges ...

Chronic pain management has been one of the most controversial issues in the health sector. It has attracted so much attention in the cases where the physicians do assume that the physical pain a patient does experience is not such a complicated medical issues and is one that can be solved through use of mild or moderate pain relievers. Research studies have indicated that such assumptions are mainly as a result of physicians, nurses and other health practitioners taking into assumption the descriptive evidence offered by the patient (American Academy of Pain Medicine, 2014). The problem has been differentiating between chronic pain ...

Hypnosis, also known as hypnotherapy is a psychological state or a trance-like state in which one has heightened concentration and focus. Normally, hypnosis uses intense concentration, guided relaxation and focused attention to attain an enhanced state of awareness which is sometimes known as a trance. When in this state, the person’s attention is focused to an extent that, everything in motion around that person is ignored or temporarily blocked out. With the help of a health professional such as a trained therapist, people can focus their attention in this naturally occurring state. Notably, being hypnotized is characterized by relaxation, concentration, expectation, and suggestion. ...

REPORT: OPIOIDS AND YOUNG ADULTS

Introduction In many instances, young people use prescription drugs without prescription from physicians; this is prescription drug abuse. National surveys reveal that prescription drugs used in the treatment of ADHD, pain and anxiety are abused by young adults. The commonly abused prescription drugs include; Central Nervous System depressants, opioids and stimulants. Opioids are drugs prescribed for pain treatment. This report presents an analysis of opioids and their effects on young adults within my community. In order to do this, it explored description, prevalence statistics, effects and possible solutions to use. Opioids are medications used in pain relief; ...

Over the recent years, the number of patients having physical therapy for pain management has drastically increased. Physical therapy involves physical exercises such as stretching and a range of motion exercises aimed at maintaining flexibility, strength, and mobility. Physical therapy embraces hot and cold therapy to mitigate pain in body parts. Chronic pain among people is one of the major illnesses, which have presented itself people around the world. People have, over the years, been using drugs in mitigating chronic pains. There has been a persistent use of prescribed medicines to manage pain. Improvement in technology and medical skills have significantly ...

The war against the use and possession of marijuana either for medical use or recreational purposes has been a major national controversial issue. This is a controversial issue, considering the fact that for all these years of the fight against the use, there have always been two sides or views concerning the law and fight. While some see the economic benefit of legalizing marijuana, others see the problems such as the violence and crimes that could be associated with overuse of marijuana. Whether such problems will overwhelm the economic benefits of legalizing marijuana remains to be seen. Opponents believe that ...

Over the recent years, the number of patients having physical therapy for pain management has drastically increased. Physical therapy involves physical exercises such as stretching and a range of motion exercises aimed at maintaining flexibility, strength, and mobility. Physical therapy embraces hot and cold therapy to mitigate pain in body parts. Chronic pain among people is one of the major ailments which have presented itself people around the world. People have, over the years, been using drugs in mitigating chronic pains. There has been a persistent use of prescribed medicines to manage pain. Improvement in technology and medical skills have significantly ...

The Cost-Effectiveness of ARN’s in Managing Patients with Addiction and Mental Issues in A Correctional Setting

Overview In the United States, studies establish that more than 45 million individuals are diagnosed with mental illness on an annual basis (Henderson, 2008). Studies go further to approximate that within a period of six months, health conditions of more than 30 million individuals deteriorate due to lack of mental healthcare treatment. These statistics provide sufficient evidence to prove that there is need to increase availability of preventive services to mentally ill patients. The problem of mental illness is highly underestimated (Wheeler, 2004). For instance, Wheeler establishes that the main causes of disability include obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar ...

Abstract

Child abuse includes all the maltreatment that is done to a child. The abuse may take the form of physical, emotional, psychological, and sexual abuse. The effects of this abuse may result in short-term effects such as injuries, as well as long term effects. The long term effects may include physical health effects, societal effects, emotional effects, psychological effects and others such as homelessness, involvement in risky sexual behaviors among others. These effects are usually dependent on the circumstances that lead to the abuse, child’s personal characteristics and the environment in which the child is living. Since the costs ...

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is an initiative in medicine that falls under the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM, 2013). The role of NCCAM is to identify complementary and alternative medicine practices using laborious scientific approaches and develop an evidence base that outlines the safety and effectiveness of such practices (Lubkin, 2012).

Alternative Medicine

According to the NCCAM website (2013), alternative medicine refers to medicine, which has been developed using a non-mainstream approach instead of using conventional medicine. For instance, the use of special diets to treat cancer, as opposed to going through chemotherapy or surgery is a form of ...

Introduction

This research paper compares and contrasts the views of professionals with respect to fibromyalgia; whether it is of psychological or physical nature / origin. Having conducted the following research and studied the views of others, especially those who we would all hope should know – the medical professionals, the view of this researcher is that fibromyalgia is more psychological in nature, even though that opinion is changed considerably from the view that was almost universally held in less enlightened times, when referring to a condition as having psychological causes was interpreted as implying the person was suffering from a mental illness, which ...

The importance of effective management of pain in the post-operative patient cannot be overemphasized. Its inadequate management can have profound adverse effects on patients such as sleep disturbances, mobilization difficulties, aggression, high levels of anxiety, and increased distress and suffering (Carr et al., 2005). Post-operative pain can also have unwanted physiological effects on patients and cause complications such as nausea, vomiting, paralytic ileus, and increases in blood pressure (Mackintosh, 2007). This paper will critic the pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions that were used in the management of post-operative pain (rated at 6/10 on the numeric scale) in a patient who is ...

Question 1

One of the aspects that can help in identifying a patient’s pain is any past use of painkillers. The ambulance officers only asked about any pain killers that the patient had taken. Although they did not enquire about any health problem that could have been the probable cause of the pain, Mrs. Markantonakis informed that ambulance officers that the patient had a heart problem. The ambulance officers were also informed about the hospitalization of the patient. His wife mentioned that Flinders Medical Centre was his preference since most of his notes and records pertaining his health were there. The respondent ...

Alternative medicine is the term given for medicinal products or services that are not a part of a standard medical care. It means nonstandard treatments that can be used along with the standard treatment. Some examples of alternative medicine are herbal medicines, acupuncture, chiropractic medicine, energy therapies, magnetic field therapy, hypnosis, Reiki, Ayurveda, Chinese Medicine, Traditional Medicine, and healing touch therapies (National Institute of Health, n.d.). These have been around for many years, but in literature, there is a support as well as controversy surrounding it. In some cases, there has been considerable research done while in some other cases, there has ...

In recent times, the debate whether the medical use of marijuana is ethical has been an ongoing debate. This essay aims at discussing why marijuana should be used for medical purposes. All the benefits have been discussed. The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 classified marijuana as a class 1 drug (Greene, 2006). However, because of the drug being used continuously despite being banned, some states decided to regulate marijuana. They accomplished this by requiring that all marijuana usage be prescribed by a doctor. This meant that using marijuana for recreational purposes would be illegal. The District of Columbia was the first ...

An Effective Alternative for Treating Lower Back Pain

Wayne State University Health Clinic 5200 Anthony Wayne DriveSuite 115Detroit, MI 48202

Heliotrope Enterprises

Executive Summary Lower back pain is a common symptom prompting clinic visits in the University. The standard treatment is pain-relieving medications and rest from exertion but current trends in health care point to the increasing use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in the treatment of lower back pain. The use of CAM is motivated by patients’ desire to avoid the side effects of frequent pain medication use. However, many CAM modalities only result in short-term pain relief which decreases patient satisfaction with these treatments. ...

Doctor-Patient Contract on Use of Hydrocone as a Painkiller

This documents represents an agreement between . (the patient), and (the doctor), as regards to the use of hydrocodone, a pain highly narcotic pain killer, to alleviate the chronic pain resulting from an arthritic condition. While this drug may not completely wade off the pain, it should exhibit some efficiency and improve the quality of my life. 1. I acknowledge that the medication is a highly concentrated pain killer, and have been informed of its potential side-effects and the risks that are pegged to its use. 2. I understand that the use of this drug may induce a fit of pleasure ...

This is a common type of musculoskeletal disorder that affects people at some stage in life. According to the medical researchers, it affects nearly 80% of all the people in their life time. Precisely, the chronic pain is that which lasts for more than 12 weeks. It has been scientifically found out that the chronic back pain is caused by the benign musculoskeletal problems which results from either the sprain or strain of the muscles or soft tissues of the body. This may cause pain to the spine particularly in cases where the back is physically downloaded.

Chronic pain is bad because it negatively affects people in many ways:

i) Causing job ...

Since ancient times, human sexuality has been a debate that has influenced culture, societal norms, and gender responsibilities. Naturally, there are two distinct sexes—male and female—and anything in between makes an individual ostracized in the society. Furthermore, because of many societies having a propensity for patriarchy, practices have resulted in making one gender inferior to the other or superior to the other. For instance, circumcision in males is seen as a sign of manhood and strength, while circumcision in females—termed as female genital mutilation (FGM) – is a way of suppressing women sexually (Ehrenreich and Barr 17). Internationally, FGM has been ...