Essays on Clinical Pharmacology

Literature review

Kaasa, S. (2015). Is Cancer Pain Control Improved by a Simple WHO Pain Analgesic Ladder Approach Combined With Tumor-Directed Treatment?.Journal of Clinical Oncology, JCO647537.

Article summary

This article takes into consideration the role that the WHO analgesic ladder plays in addressing cancer pain in palliative care patients. The authors identify that cancer pain occurs in 90% of cancer patients but only half them are under proper pain management. To this effect, therefore, there is the need for applying opioids under the WHO ladder guidelines as a way of addressing cancer pain in oncology care patients.

This is a narrative qualitative research ...

Dear Senator/Representative (Legislator’s Name):

As a leader of a non-profit health care organization, I would like to respectfully express my views and observations about the current health care status in our country. In particular, medication administration procedures. I would also like to call your attention about my goal in promoting a safer health care system for the benefits of all patients across our country. I agree that the reform in our health care system may have been long overdue. It feels great to know that our government is exerting its efforts to improve the overall system through health care reform laws. However, I ...

Assignment 2

PART A - (Total 15 marks)

Cephalexin and Gentamicin The mechanism of action of amoxicillin is focused on the prevention of the synthesis of the bacteria’s cell wall through the binding and inhibiting of the cell wall transpeptidases (Katzung, Masters, and Trevor, 2012). Specifically, it attaches to the penicillin-binding protein 1A found in the cell wall of bacteria. Then, the agent disintegrates the lactam ring to allow the acylation of the penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase C-terminal domain. The formation of the cross-link of the linear peptidoglycan strands is prevented by the inactivation of transpeptidases. Since the third and last stage ...

However, it is possible that hypertension is an incorrect diagnosis. Normal blood pressure should be bellow 120/80, but it is also considered that the blood pressure can deviate up to 140 mmHg systolic pressure and 90 mmHg diastolic reading. Because Mrs. Chang’s blood pressure reading is lower than 140/90, her case can be considered pre-hypertension at most (Cunha, 2010). Another possibility is that Mrs. Chang’s condition has changed since her last examination, but she could not have known that because she cannot remember her last examination. She currently appears to suffer from orthostatic hypotension rather than hypertension. ...

Fast D. and Conry, J. (2009). Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and the Criminal Justice System.

Developmental Disabilities Research Review 15: 250 – 257.

This paper examines the relationship between the long-life nervous syndrome that is found in people with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) and their participation in the criminal justice system. According to the article, the FASDs are caused by exposure to alcohol during the prenatal stage. The article provides some of the disabilities associated with people having the FASDs to include poor judgment, learning disabilities, and social ineptness. The authors argue that the foregoing disabilities make people predisposed to unfair treatment and increased involvement in ...

Analysis of NSAIDs non-selective take (Ibuprofen and Naproxen)

Health impact of many diseases leaves a potential consequence on the quality of life (QOL). The frequency at which such impact occurs could vary from one disease condition to the other. Affected individuals need to encounter physical and psychological distress. However, scientific advancements have made a progress in alleviating such problems. Especially, pharmaceutical science has become a reliable branch to cater the needs of people who suffer from illnesses. Understanding the efficacy and other properties of various drugs is important for the better therapeutic application of pharmacy. In such context, the present description deals with highlighting about Analysis of NSAID take by ...

DRUG EVALUATION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

FDA has established the Centers for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) to evaluate new drugs before they can be sold. The aim of drug evaluation is to prevent quackery and to provide the necessary information to the doctors and patients so that they can use the drugs wisely. Drug evaluation process ensures that both branded and generic drugs work correctly and their benefits outweigh their risks. The pharmaceutical companies test their drugs to prove their safety and effectiveness for the intended use. The results of these tests are then shared with the CRERs where clinicians, statisticians, chemists, pharmacologists and ...

- Abstract Cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure are some of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity with Australia being one of the country’s most greatly affected (McLean, Esclick & Coats, 2006). An area of interest in the pathology of heart failure is the significance that polymorphisms of adrenergic receptor genes have on the outcomes of patients with heart failure. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms or SNPs that occur in the genes that encode for adrenergic receptors are known to have various physiological and functional consequences. Specifically, the β1-adrenergic receptors have a crucial role in the regulation of heart rate and ...

Part ABriefly discuss the signalling process which occurs when salmeterol binds to its targetReceptor

The receptor to which salmeterol binds The drug salmeterol binds to the active sites of beta-2-adrenergic receptor . This is a category of G protein-coupled receptors. Beta-2-adrenergic receptors have specific actions in the body. They are responsible for the relaxation of smooth muscles relaxation of a non-pregnant uterus, dilation of arteries in the skeletal muscles, contraction of the sphincter muscles and anabolic processes in the skeletal muscle. The receptor has a three dimensional crystallographic structure. The receptors work by ensuring rapid and specific signaling. The receptors couple with Gs G protein, the result being the activation of adenylyl cyclase. The receptors have ...

Wd Count: 1472

Introduction

Dextropropoxyphene is a drug used as a painkiller. The mild opioid can alleviate long-term or short-term pains. Dextropropoxyphene is an opioid that is a morphine-related drug. It acts on the neural system in the spine and the brain and hence relieves pain. The drug has been available for use by blending it with other drugs or on its own. In the recent past, use of the drug has been rejected by several countries, among them Australia, because of safety reasons. In Australia, the drug has been recently in March 2012 following discoveries that Dextropropoxyphene can cause changes in the electrical activity ...

Extra virgin olive oil is the purest of the classes of olive oil being produced globally. It unique taste, free acidity and well refined output with no additives distinguishes it from other categories of olive oil. This remains the secret of success of extra virgin olive oil over the years. Those positive attributes complement production practices and dedication of the extra virgin oil producers. The health benefits found to be associated with the oil and wide array of use contributed greatly to the uniqueness of the extra virgin olive oil. Recent studies have shown that a component of extra virgin ...