Essays on Clone

Are there any circumstances in which you would allow yourself to be cloned?

Even though the potential to clone human beings is a dangerous undertaking, certain unique circumstances may influence my personal decision to necessitate a clone of myself. First, Kuhse (219) observes that human cloning holds promise to alleviate modern day medical issues. Consequentially, since I have a heart for the suffering and the under privileged, I would allow myself to be cloned so as to provide vital organs for transplants in order to save countless lives. I would however only allow myself to be cloned when sure of my motives which must be hinged on saving lives and not on ...

The video is a documentary about a team of researchers that are seeking support to clone humans. Their main argument is that they want to help people who cannot have babies even though they also explicitly say it is their ambition to do it and to be rich at any cost. They do not talk about ethical concerns nor values. They only say it will be hard work, and there are risks to be taken. The main concern that arises at the very beginning of the video is the possibility of deformed babies. The doctor leading the project, Doctor ...

Q1. Explain the regulation of the cell cycle

Every cell is regulated by particular checkpoints to ensure that the daughter cells are exact duplications. This is to help guarantee that cell mutations are not passed on to the next generation of cells. In eukaryotic cells, there are three main checkpoints. These are points at which cell replication can be halted until certain conditions are met (Boundless, 2016). The first checkpoint is near the end of the G1 phase. It is here that DNA gets evaluated and checked for damage. If damage has occurred, it either gets corrected or gets prevented from moving on to the next phase ( ...

Cloning is the process that a cell or an organism is produced asexually; meaning that no sex is involved in their formation and the product is identical to a specific ancestor. Animal cells are cloned simply because they can be produced from one fertilized cell and they are also genetically identical. In simpler terms, cloning is the process of producing many duplicate cells of an organism. In some cases, cloning is a natural process shown bacteria which are single celled, as well as identical twins in human beings and mammals. The process is also made possible to the animals ...

Once Albert Einstein said, “It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity” (Moffett et al. 175). Nowadays, his statement is more challenging than ever. We live in the age of technological progress that works both ways. On the one hand, it significantly eases our life and improves its level. On the other hand, almost uncontrolled development of technology makes people dependent and results in loosing humanity. Comparing with previous days, we have become less attentive and more indifferent to everything around us. The aim of this paper is to discuss the impact technology has on ...

Cloning is the propagation of a cell or an organism as a clone of another. A series of successful historical landmarks in genetic engineering that began as early as 1885 when a sea urchin was used to demonstrate artificial embryo twinning by Hans Adolf and Edward Dreisch lead to cloning as we know it when the first mammal was successfully cloned in 1996. The clone named Dolly brought to light the possibilities of cloning. In 2013, the greatest landmark was reached, and Human Embryonic stem cells were created through somatic cell nuclear transfer (Roleff 19). There has been an ...

In “Wisdom of Repugnance” in his book “Ethics of Human Cloning” Leon Kass blames the willingness of people to entertain and use alternative forms of human reproduction on being “softened up” by the media. Kass contends that it is procedures like test tube babies, surrogacy and invitro-fertilization that has opened the door to the possibility of cloning. He believes that cloning threatens to change the connections within the family dynamic because cloning allows the people to reproduce outside of the typical male-female relationship. In his opinion the ability to clone will change the meaning of what a family is. ...

DNA, the basic unit of inheritance, has a long history which takes us thousands of years back into the past. It is highly important to have apt knowledge of DNA. In its truest sense, our knowledge of DNA begins with the results of the experiment conducted by Gregor Mendel in the year 1857. He is known by the name of “Father of Genetics”. The study of genetics was further taken ahead by Friedrich Miescher upon his discovery of a substance which he called as nuclein in the year 1869. Later on, he progressed with his experimentations and discovered another ...

Antepartum testing seeks to prevent fetal death, especially in high-risk mothers. Thorp and O’Neill (2013) stated that the evaluation identifies risks for an intrauterine injury that may lead to death with the aim of offering timely interventions. Apart from this primary role, could the assessment be of benefit in human genetic engineering? Although some scientist opines that genetic engineering in humans has positive effects on humanity, there are many adverse effects. For instance, human genetics tend to mutate over time. As a result, the choice of the “perfect baby” may not be a viable idea on the long-term ...

In the study of ecology, individual is defined as a single entity, separate from other organisms. It can be flora or fauna renowned from other of the same kind. This individual interacts with other organisms within its environment. This is also known as single organism. The study of all individual species in any given area is called autecology. Individual organism has the capacity to adopt based on its evolution. This individual thrives into a specific condition and interacts among other organisms. Individuals adapt to varying environmental conditions which allows them to survive and at the same time reproduce into ...

In this paper, the author focuses on the process of gene cloning, particularly the cloning a TROVE2 Gene to a PNEB193 Plasmid. This paper answers the research question on whether it is possible to clone TROVE2 Genes to PNEB193 Plasmid. Cloning is a complicated process that involves the combination of various significant molecular processes, both natural and artificial; in general, copies of a specific gene can be generated through cloning. The sheer complexity of the concepts and principles surrounding cloning appears to be the major reason why not a lot of researchers delve into the topic and why not ...

Be Right Back, the first episode of in the second season of British televisions series Black Mirror stands out as quite a thrilling watch. It features the private life of a just widowed woman and the clone of the deceased husband. It starts with both alive, but the husband dies still at the beginning. In the pursuit of reunion with the memories of her late husband, the woman goes ahead to purchase a clone which upon following all the instructions is quite a physical success. It also performs substantially in terms of trying to portray some ...

Introduction

Cloning is a term used to describe different methods of duplicating biological materials. Plasmids can be used to ‘clone in a gene’ and then express a given protein in mammalian cells. The type of protein used here is called AWP1 protein which is associated with PRK1. This type of protein is a universally expressed protein and the AWP1 gene is switched on during the early development of a being. The AWP1 may play a regulatory role in the mammalian signal transduction pathways. The AWP1 posses a conserved zf-A20 zinc finger domain at its C-terminal. When it is expressed in COS – 1 cells, the Myc-tagged ...

In 1997, the public have been shocked about the announcement of the successful mammal cloning. Dolly, the sheep, is the first to be cloned by Ian Wilmut and his co-workers by the process of transferring nuclear genome (Brock 1). There are issues that arise from the public about the morality and ethics of the research method and objective. They are afraid of what should the next thing that could happen after this technological advancement. On the other side, the scientific world have been fascinated and rejoiced about the announcement of Wilmut. There are many scientists that are excited of ...

Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines

Abstract Stem cell cloning is one of the biggest advancements the scientific and medical community has ever seen. Despite this amazing discovery, many individuals are finding ethical issues with the act of creating embryos for stem cell harvesting. Some may find this hard to believe because stem cells have the potential to help so many people that are suffering. Ethical issues include religious problems such as the unnatural formation of life, and its disposal, as well as the potential to clone humans. While many believe that cloning humans would eventually prove an ethical disaster, it is clear that ...

There was a breakthrough in the field of genetics in the year 1996, when the first cloned mammal named Doily came into existence. Clones are nothing but organisms with same genetic makeup, and identical twins are natural clones. There were several previous attempts made to make clones in laboratory using techniques such as “artificial embryo twinning.” But, Dolly was the first mammal to be cloned by “Somatic cell nuclear transfer” (SCMT) technique. In embryo twinning, a fertilized egg, which is in the differentiated multi-cell stage, is separated, and individual cell is allowed to grow into a whole organism. In the case of ...

With the development of modern technologies, the humanity faced a new challenge: how to make life better without destroying the core values of the society? Some inventions and innovations bring undisputable benefits for the world community, however, some require careful investigation and worldwide debates. Human cloning, or reproductive cloning, is one of such arguable topics. Although no human being has been cloned so far, the scientific potential is approaching this goal by quick steps. The humanity will have to make a difficult choice: either to approve, or reject human cloning as such. The essay will argue that human cloning should be ...

Cloning could be the answer to the pain and suffering of many people around the globe. Human cloning is the asexual reproduction or replication of a human being at any stage of development. It can also be defined as the formation of an identical genetic copy of a human being. Cloning itself is not new as it dates back to the 1970s, where frogs and toads were experimented on. It is principally divided into two types, that is, reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. Reproductive cloning is whereby there is a creation of a child, whereas therapeutic cloning is the creation of stem cells ...

It is not the clones themselves that cause faults, inconsistent changes to the clones are what leads to the unexpected program behavior. The inconsistent bug fix of particular concern regarding cloned code. When a bug is found in cloned code it must be fixed in all clone instances or the system will probably continue to misbehave and exhibit incorrect behavior. . Clone detection approaches and tools can mitigate these problems. CCFinder, is one such tool. It functions as a multi-linguistic, token-based, code clone detection system and is designed for large scale source code. It permits the transformation of the input source text ...

Cloning has been a subject of great speculation for decades now, with the major breakthrough coming in 1997 after scientist successfully cloned the first mammal, the Dolly sheep. It refers to the process used in the creation of an exact genetic copy of a cell, organism or tissue of an organism. The material, which is genetically a copy of the original cell or tissue, is called a clone. The types of cloning are divided into three; 1) gene cloning in which copies of genes of cell or its DNA are made; 2) reproductive cloning in which a copy of a whole organism is made, and ...

Cloning, a technological advancement in the field of genetics is not readily accepted by society, especially when this pertains to human cloning. In 1997, the cloning of Dolly the Sheep made headlines and triggered fears that human cloning will soon follow. There at least two misconceptions that this paper will focus on. The first one is that the moment a clone is created, it would appear as the same age as the original. The second one is that clones are exact carbon copies of each other. A clone appearing as the same age is not possible because cloning is creating ...

Persuasion is an important goal of public discourse and it can be achieved in many ways. However, since ancient times, politicians, salesmen, and public figures, often resort to invalid argument or fallacies to persuade people to accept that what they express is true. This can be made intentionally or not, but the arguments made this way are wrong nonetheless. This work analyzes three arguments taken from different internet sources, to spot fallacies committed identifying the premises used and the conclusions they arrive to. This way, one can find out what the argument is trying to prove and why its ...

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Introduction Cloning (biology) is a natural occurrence or reception through multiple genetically identical organisms by asexual (including vegetative) reproduction. The term "cloning" in the same sense and is often used in relation to the cells of multicellular organisms. Cloning is also known as getting a number of identical copies of genetic molecules (molecular cloning). Finally, cloning is also commonly referred biotechnological techniques are used to obtain clones artificial organisms, cells or molecules. A group of genetically identical organisms or cells is a clone. Cloning is widespread in nature in different organisms. ...

The advancement of technology has precipitated a revolution in scientific understanding over the last several decades. Advancements in research tools has led to new insights into every facet of scientific discovery within the realms of chemistry, physics, and biology and all the sub-disciplines forming their constitution. Increased discovery has brought with it opportunities for cross discipline cooperation which has resulted in the formation of new disciplines and has galvanized scientists to press the boundaries of research and application as has never been seen in human history. One such field testing those limits is genetics. Today’s geneticists have expanded beyond ...

On the fifth of July 1996 the first cloned sheep was born, they called her ‘Dolly’ and she sparked off one of the hottest debates of the twentieth century, the debate over the nature of and consequences of cloning a human being, thus starting the idea of bio-ethics. Science furthering the lifespan of the human race has been at the core of scientific research since the dawn of time, organ donor-ship, organ transplants, advances in medical technology, like in vitro fertilisation, what seemed like science fiction to people of the past are now commonplace, everyday affair for those living ...

Literature

Introduction Audiences should remember that as human beings, people should not take advantage of each other through putting others in derogatory situations. In the novel “Never Let Me Go” written by Kazuo Ishiguro, readers get to learn that human beings can be cloned to be benefitted by other people (Ishiguro, 2005). Furthermore, readers get to learn that human beings can treat others bad and not treat others as they want to be treated. This situation is demonstrated when Ruth destroys the relationship of Kathy and Tommy in the novel (Ishiguro, 2005). Numerous moral lessons would be learned by ...

Cloning

1.0 Historical Background During mammalian reproduction, the sperm fuses with the egg. During this process, both the egg and the sperm contribute half of the genetic material resulting into a genetically unique individual. On the other hand, cloning involves the development of an organism or cell that has identical genetic materials to the parent. Thus cloning can be defined as producing a copy of DNA, cell or organism asexually. This definition is not a clear reflection of what people considers cloning to be thus raising perennial and heated debate on the ethics and morals of cloning. However, it worth noting that ...

The tale of Frankenstein is a book full of reflections on humanity; the flipside. The work is full of ideas of how humanity can utilize or misuse knowledge for varying purposes. At inception, Mary Shelly would not have thought of how her work would turn out to be an epitome of today’s society. From alienated individuals, unethical scientific practices, the secret of life, and rejection; the book manages to reflect the society from an individual to a societal level. These lessons are intertwined and imparted in a manner parallel to the current contentious issues. At the beginning, Victor Frankenstein, a young, talented ...

Book review: The Clone Redemption

The clone redemption is a science fiction book where an irresistible force meets an immovable object as Steven L. Kent puts it in The Clone Republic saga. The events take place 2516 A.D on earth where a united authority spreads out colonies of human across the Milky Way under strict orders from a powerful galactic military consisting entirely of clones who have now created empires of their own and are planning to keep it no matter who they are up against. Wayne Harris, a marine clone born and brought up to fight for the U.A (United Authority), unleashes his anger as he ...

It has been long since the thought that someday there will be some machines smarter than human beings and who will behave just like humans. Through understanding the human being’s brain and analyzing how it functions, will help in replication of the process in robots. In the last decades, this interest has risen among robotics who wants to apply the human mechanics into machines (Bond 203). Ray Kurzweil who is a writer said he believes that the human’s engineering intelligence is leading to high technological change and in a few decades to come this knowledge will lead to development ...

I have never thought in my life having a cloned animal. In this case, walking in the city streets with a cloned pet, yet the natural pet is at home. Technology is taking the world at a tremendous pace, whereby people are left wondering what exactly is going on. Cloning is one form of genetic engineering, whereby an organism of an exact copy of the other is created. The issue of animal cloning has led to unending debates. For example, when dolly the sheep was created in the year 1997, and died in 2003, led to tremendous questions on the ethical and ...

According to Kfoury (112), the development in biotechnology has brought about some issues that are of great ethical considerations in the society. One of the main issues that have been hotly debated is the issue of cloning as the people get confused as to whether they should adopt it or not. There are various perspectives through which the debate can be explored and these are the areas that I want to focus on. This will help in giving an opinion about the issue of cloning.

Safety is the first issue that has to be addressed when it comes to ...

The cDNA that was used in the experiment is the transfer tRNA. The coding region refers to the gene portion (DNA or RNA) that has axons in it and they code proteins. It’s also known as the coding sequence or the coding DNA sequence. The coding region sequence is surrounded near the 5th end of the start codon and the 3rd end with a stop codon. Therefore, the total addition of the genome of a living thing consists of the gene coding regions. The identification of the cDNA coding region sequence is not straight forward because the existing cells only ...

The natural reproductive process involves the fusion of genetic materials from one female and one male parent through sexual contact. The offspring produced bears the combined genetic materials of his/her parents, which is unique on its own. Now, with the advent of technology, an individual may now be produced from a single parent without the need for sexual contact. Cloning is the process or technique used to create an organism that is 100% genetically identical to its parent. The pioneering era of cloning was started in 1952 by biologists Robert Briggs and Thomas King, wherein they attempted to “clone” a frog ...

Determining the size of gene fragments

1) Alul restriction enzyme cuts the protease gene at restriction sites with base position 62 and position 1149 respectively. Considering the fact that the gene has 1216 base pairs, three possible fragments are generated with Alul restriction digestion.

The first digestion fragment length ranges from base pair 1 to base pair 62= 61 base pairs.

The second fragment length ranges from base pair 62 to base pair 1149 in length=1087 base pairs The third fragment ranges from base pair 1216 to base pair 1149 in length= 67 base pairs.

2) Sa/l restriction enzyme cuts the protease gene at ...

Cloning has been a particularly intriguing experiment over the years, involving acutely essential milestones and crucial researches. Many hypotheses have been generated; some accepted and others refuted. On 5 July 1996, a domestic ewe, Dolly was born by lan Wilmut and his colleagues. Dolly was the first animal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell (McLaren, 1775). Initially, people, inclusive of scientist, did not believe that somatic cell from an adult individual, could be used to generate a new individual through cloning. However, with the emergence of Dolly, the ideology was disapproved, and, it was with clear conscious that genes could ...

A Critical Analysis

In the article “Mammoths: Resurrecting Extinct Megafauna,” from the website ActionBioscience.org, author Larry Agenbroad (20005) discusses the moral, legal and practical problems connectedfwith cloning a mammoth fromthe DNA of a frozen mammothMammoths are extinct species and there is some evidence that human beings were responsible for their extinction. Agenboard considers four areas of this controversial topic in detail. He starts off by establishing that it is feasible to clone a mammoth from unfrozen DNA. It has not been attempted yet, only because the samples have too small or damaged by the freezing process. Many scientists seem to think that there are ...

Human cloning is defined as creating a genetically indistinguishable image of a human being. It can also be depicted as the asexual reproduction of new human beings, passing through all growth stages and is identical to an existing creature [1]. According to the physician Lewis Thomas, “The cloning of human beings is on most lists of things to worry about in science.” [2] Human cloning has a major effect on all denominations in the world and there are many different opinions associated with it. Religious leaders and thinkers have critically reviewed the scientific projections and ethics of human cloning [2]. Their final ...

Introduction

Human cloning is the creation of identical human being in the laboratory. It is an artificial process and is conducted with stem cell research and biotechnology. Reproductive cloning would give rise to human clones. Animal cloning is practiced from past few years and with the birth of Dolly, the sheep cloning has become the prime research area of many scientists. The reproductive cloning is dealing with many controversial issues and is banned in several countries including United States. The discussion on should human cloning be legalized or banned is a discussion issue among the bio-research communities and there are many ...