Essays on Cocaine

Studies have proved the stepping-stone theory, i.e. from simple addiction to “hard core” addiction, which is similar to gateway theory. Some users used canabis or marijuana as a “gateway” or substitute for alcohol, and those who used medical canabis were former canabis users. Charlton (as cited in Reiman, 2009) indicated that substitution with substances was used by some users to address the problem of alcohol addiction, but further using harder drugs for self-medication. Alcohol and tobacco have been regarded “soft” drugs and are used as “gateway” to “harder” ones. The stepping stone suggests that it is a progression (from ...

Introduction

Every US citizen has a right not to have their privacy unreasonably intruded into according to the Fourth Amendment to the US Constitution. Moreover, under this Amendment, search warrants shall not be issued to law enforcement officers unless there is probable cause that particularly describes the specific place that the police needs to search or the things subject to seizure. In the state of Florida, for example, the requirements of a search warrant are provided under Chapter 933 and include the existence of probable cause, search for only the property specified in the warrant, supported by an affirmation or ...

Entrapment occurs when a government agent or someone in authority such as law enforcement and undercover police improperly coerces, influences, manipulates or induces an individual to commit a crime which they would have otherwise committed had the opportunity to do not been availed to them (Colvin, 2002, p. 226). Hence, from this definition, the “buy and bust” or “sell and bust” undercover operations may be considered as entrapment since they entail the inducement of a person to commit an offense, such as dealing in or purchasing of illegal drugs. Furthermore, as Hay (2005) observes, sting or undercover operations by ...

Introduction

The United States has over the years continued to establish different laws to help in the fight against drugs. According to Sacco (2014), in 2012 alone, state and local law enforcement agencies apprehended over 1.3 million suspects for drugs related offenses. Although the government has adopted different measures to help in curbing the manufacture, distribution, and access of illegal substances, the number of illicit drugs under the possession of the public has continued to increase over time. This essay examines three harmful drugs considered legal in the late 19th century, including how they were used and later illegalized. What ...

Throughout history the legality of drugs has often changed. Marijuana likely began in the 1600’s as many people were growing hemp to make ropes. During the Civil War opiates were used to anesthetize patients so that the doctors had time to perform surgeries. In the 1870’s the original recipe for Coca Cola contained cocaine and drugs like heroin and morphine were used to combat alcohol addiction (Reed n.d). In America, today the laws regarding drugs differ from state to state. In some states, even the smallest amount of illegal drugs will cause a person to be arrested ...

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Substance abuse is one of the most harmful phenomena of a society. It can also be considered as substance-related disorder, and is related to abuse of drugs, tobacco, and/or alcohol that can lead to harmful outcomes. Estimates show that over 8 million children in the U.S. have one of the parents having substance-related disorder. Substance abuse can result in significant problems in a family as, for example; it can lead to separation of partners, problems in raising the children, employment problems, and severe levels of conflict in the society (Donohue et al., 2014). It has been ...

There are many sorts of crimes that are plagues on societies around the world. However, some are more prominent than others. Indeed, there is rape, murder and drugs. The latter, along with two crime types that often accompany drug use or dealing on more than one level, shall be the focus of this brief report. Specifically, there will be a review of peer-reviewed journal articles that pertain to illegal drug use, prostitution and money laundering. The first two often feed to the other in that the money garnered from the illegal activities has to be “cleaned” so as to ...

Abstract

The immune and nervous systems are two body structures that have different functions. Moreover, most people may not be able to readily identify the and the relationship between these two. While the immune system is responsible in protecting the body from destructive and invading pathogens, the nervous system is tasked to relay information to the brain. This process allows for the proper coordination of the different functions of the body. In general, the concept of the connection between the nervous and the immune systems stems from the theoretical idea of stress. Stress is denoted both as a physiological and ...

Mood disorder and substance abuse have a close relationship. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (2008), over 30 percent of those with mood disorder in the United States also have substance abuse disorder. As a therapist, it is never easy to identify and distinguish between those abusing substances as a self-medication towards mood disorder from those who suffer from the disorder as a result of drug abuse. According to the Nation Health Research, self-medication is common among most of the substance abusers (Harris et al. 2005). Theoretically, those who use substance abuse such as marijuana and alcohol ...

Everybody is addicted to something; addiction is a disease that does not discriminate. According to the latest research done by the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, approximately 22.7 million Americans require treatment for certain drug and substance addictions (Patterson).Addiction surely does not discriminate and for years celebrities have fallen prey to drug and substance abuse. In spite of the status, fame and fortune addiction plays a very fair game and this is evident in the very common reports of famous celebrities who have publically struggled with drug and substance addictions, others even experiencing a public relapse ( ...

The Barrio Azteca is a prison gang that is based in the United States of America; specifically in Texas. The prison gang was established in the year 1986. History has it that the Barrio Azteca prison gang was formed by five incarcerated Hispanic Street gang members (Valdez 376). They formed the gang as a way to protect themselves from other rival gang members whose propensity to harass them was very high. The reason why most gangs are formed is to protect the members from other gangs; such was the case with the Barrio Azteca (Valdez 376). In as much ...

Introduction

The question of racial discrimination in the legal system of the United States is a sought after topic despite limited evidence to support its existence at present. Although the nation once participated in discriminatory practices in the past, the majority of the activities ceased during the last few decades. Despite sweeping developments in recent years, the news never grows old while reporting a possible aberration. This research paper examines the evidence of data available in the books against the media reports which claim the rampant existence of racial discrimination. Each section in this research paper will raise question regarding ...

Amphetamines are synthetic drugs. Similar to amphetamine type are amphetamine, methamphetamine, methylphenidate, dexamphetamine and phenmetrazine. First amphetamines were produced in 1920 and they immediately began to be used in medical practice. These drugs are believed to relieve fatigue and drowsiness, as well as decreased appetite, however, they constant use increases the risk of addiction and almost for sure lead to negative consequences. Since 1950, in the US drugs of the amphetamine group were appointed as an aid for weight loss and against depression. It was easily accessible, which is why students began to use it as a non-medical stimulant ...

The Social Determinants of HIV/AIDS among African-American Women in the Southern States

Introduction HIV/AIDS is a serious condition that has led to numerous cases of deaths among the people of the United States. The epidemic has a higher prevalence among the African-American population thus presenting a risk factor for the children growing up. HIV condition holds a huge stigma among many people and as a result, it is not easy to discover that people are suffering from this condition. Consequently, many people end up becoming victims due to the fact that, the HIV positive population is unable to speak up and ensure that the condition is not spread among other people ...

Several factors have led to the rapid changes in sentencing structures in the United States. According to Latessa and Smith: “Following a very long period of relative inactivity (1930-1974), American sentencing laws and practices began to undergo rapid change, a fundamental restructuring of the sentencing process” (2015, p. 19). This is supported by Phelps (2011, p. 33), who argued that “Scholars of mass incarceration point to the 1970s as a pivotal turning point in US penal history, marked by a shift towards more punitive policies and a consensus that ‘nothing works’ in rehabilitating inmates.” Four main factors have been ...

Abstract:

Having not always been a Christian, it was a struggle to come to the light and find solace and comfort in Jesus Christ’s life and teachings. There was no guarantee that I would arrive at the peace and happiness that I found once I received Christ into my mind, heart, and spirit. Having been raised in a family that was spiritual, but not religious, I had no guidance to point me in the direction of the faith that would ultimately change my life for the better. It was not until I underwent crucial transformation and metamorphosis of mind ...

Abstract

Michael Zehaf-Bibeau is a lone attacker who launched a terrorist attack in Canada in 2014. Zehaf-Bibeau is believed to have been experiencing mental issues as well as a drug problem. Several years after his conversion into the Islamic religion, Zehaf-Bibeau became radicalized and started finding ways through which he could join other foreign fighters in Syria. The Canadian government had placed strict regulations at its border which led to the invalidation of his passport, an act which is believed to have provoked him. Following his displeasure with Canada's new foreign policy to deploy its soldiers in Iraq and Afghanistan ...

Marcus Simpson

Columbia Southern University Abstract This research studies various evidences that support the beneficial effect of sports on youth. These beneficial effects of sports can be an enriching experience for those who are not born into a favorable environment. It also promotes good eating habits and lifestyle in children. Any sport helps to keep the child physically active. 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity is recommended for children aged 5-17 years, so as to remain physically fit. It also helps to reduce body fat and prevents cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. A total of 30 original studies on the ...

Instituition

Statement: Cocaine and amphetamines are highly dangerous,addictive drugs and available in various forms. There are very few treatment options for addicts and none of them is completely effective. Cocaine is one of the most dangerous drugs known to man. When consumed through various ways it damages cardiovascular system. With increased usage the heart tissue is thickened and prevents the flow of blood to the heart muscle. Amphetamine is a strong artificial stimulant drug. Due to its effect the person is stimulated to higher wakefulness and energy. The drug bypasses the body’s normal pathways for creation of energy. ...

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Summary Lead

Three elders were killed when a house in Mapleash Avenue, Columbia, Tennesse exploded and burned after a profane space heater was accidentally knocked off the house’s wall.

Mayor Thomas Hillman of Anaheim was arrested last night on suspicion of DUI and felony possession of cocaine. According to a statement released by the Buena Park Police Department, police officers decided to stop a 2011 Mercedes CLS after it was observed to be weaving erratically on the road at approximately 11:30 last night. The driver, who was later identified as Mayor Hillman, was found to be driving under ...

The generic drugs are normally copies of the brand name drugs and normally contain the same ingredients and serve the same purposes as the brand name drugs. However, the major difference that exists between the generic drugs and the brand name drugs is that the generic drugs normally cost less than the brand-name drugs (Goldberg 275). Brand name drugs have a higher price because of the consumers’ perception that the brand name drugs are of higher quality.

Explain the beneficial use of amphetamines.

Amphetamines are drugs that are used to stimulate the central nervous systems. They are applied in the treatment of ADHD (attention-deficit hyperactivity ...

1. The first thing is to be remembered crack cocaine is a very dangerous and destructive drug. Personality, soul, mind and health are destructed by crack cocaine. What is even more awful about crack is the fact that just several tries are enough to become an addict. Hardly twenty minutes pass, a person needs another portion of crack cocaine. Community is constantly becoming weaker under the influence of crack cocaine. 2. Enternal route, parenteral route and inhalation are 3 routes for drug administration. Alimentary canal is something through what eternal route is possible. It is subdivided into oral, sublingual ...

Racism is a type of discrimination whereby people are subjected to different treatment basing on the connotation and social values attached to the color of their skin. According to Naber (2012), racism is not only limited to the color of the skin rather, the position of an individual in the social ladder is of great significance in dictating his status in the society. In the US to be precise, the acts of racism dates back to the time of slavery whereby the Africans were segregated in the south while the whites occupied the northern states. During that time, the ...

There are different periods in the history of countries that play more or less significance roles. No doubt that First and Second World Wars immensely influenced the life and political situations almost in every country. These were the most disastrous event and their aftermaths were often disastrous too. In spite of these tremendous periods in the world’s history there were no less and maybe, according to some views, more important period in the history of America in the twentieth century. The period of the 60s is treated now as the time of innovations in culture, science, music and ...

Several debates on legalizing the drug use with a lot of opposition to legalizing because there are major concerns on the public health effect of the drugs. A lot of evidence has shown drug has a threat to public health and community safety. If drugs are legalized their availability and intake would be increased hence increased negative health impacts. There exist different types of illegal drugs that include marijuana, cocaine, heroin, methamphetamines, amphetamines and club drugs. In this paper, the safety of the community will be analyzed if any type of drug is legalized. The factors associated with drug ...

Inductive Thematic Analysis

Introduction Drug crimes are increasingly becoming a major concern on both local and global fronts. Current research (Braun and Clarke, 2012) suggests that the thematic analysis of important data sources such as sentencing remarks would facilitate the efficacy of available strategies in these crimes. The purpose of this assignment is to analyse the themes that comprise the societal understanding of the occurrence and penalties of drug-related crime. The researcher uses information from seven courtroom sentencing remarks from Adelaide, Southern Australia. This inductive thematic analysis identifies overarching themes that are evident across all seven documents. The themes include “gender and ...

Introduction

Pennsylvania is a vulnerable population on the basis of substance abuse. Seven percent of Pennsylvania residents use illicit drugs and the rate of death as a result of drugs has been reported to be greater than the national average. Among other drugs, heroin is the most commonly drug that is abused by residents of Pennsylvania. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) discovers the data on illicit drugs, alcohol as well as tobacco use, and it reported that 6.5% of residents in Pennsylvania use illicit drugs, with 8.02% as a national average and 3.11% using illicit drugs ...

Alcohol and drugs have always been associated with crime, as almost all kinds of crime are committed under the influences of either alcohol or drugs. Their use have negative effects on all aspects of life. People who abuse alcohol or drugs are not able to control themselves. These substances negatively affect personality, family and society. Driving under the influence is a real problem that has been existing for many years. It is not a surprise that accidents caused by driving under the influence are frequently fatal not only for the driver, but also for innocent passersby. Drivers can be ...

The 1914 Harrison Act was created to tax certain drugs. Today, this law does what? 1914 Harrison Narcotics Tax Act was created to tax drugs and today it enforces a ban on any nonmedical usage and sale of these drugs and looks after prescriptions to addicted people. Prohibition is believed to improve public health; it created a market for illegal and torturous treatments. The Harrison Act had good intentions but has become the law of unintended consequences as America struggles to get rid of the drug vice. Summary of the controlled substance schedule lists drugs according to potential for ...

Barack Obama has become a paradoxical figure of the United States. He is one of the most popular “lame-duck” presidents in history. He handily won his election and reelection, and has reinforced the democratic base. He has given African Americans a voice and has proven that African Americans can be powerful and effective leaders despite a congress that will openly work against them. From out of the woodwork, we now have a Republican presidential candidate who is seemingly racist, who is commended by his supporters for speaking “the truth” regarding black, Hispanic and Muslim people and citizens. Obama provided ...

Essay # 1

When companies have to deal with data breaches it is financially devastating. The financial devastation is a result of money being stolen from the company and potentially clients. Therefore, clients may want to sue due to trusting the company with the data. Some lawsuits may materialize and this can indeed put a financial dent in the company’s profits. Furthermore, the company will have to hire lawyers to investigate and figure out who actually breached and hacked the data. This can cost a lot of money as well. According to research “These costs include revenue lost due to the ...

“Poor single mother on welfare tell me how you did it?” rings the famous lyric of the late Rapper-Activist Tupac Amaru Shakur. The son of a former Black Panther, this ode to his mother provides a glimpse into the conundrum of surviving in the wake of being poor and black on public assistance. What Shakur unknowingly reveals is the image of welfare in a more empathetic and realistic way that illuminates instead of ignoring the lived realities of its recipients. While Shakur’s lyric is compassionate in it’s depiction, conservative lawmakers are less considerate in their elucidation of ...

The deceased died due to Cocaethylene toxicity. That is an overdose of the contents of cocaine and alcohol substance in the liver. The manifestation of a fenestration of the nasal septum in the victim’s body proves that she was a cocaine user. The cardiovascular abnormalities and damages plus the condition of lungs show the side effects of excessive cocaine intoxication since detoxification occurs in the liver (Cittadini et al., 2015). Usually, when an individual takes a significant amount of substance that is dangerous to the body, metabolism takes place so that they can be eliminated in the urine. ...

The research question that needs to be answered in the study is what is the correlation between depression and substance abuse among college students? The main reason for doing this research is to explore the correlation of depression and substance abuse among college students. College students are under a lot of stress that causes them to have depressive symptoms. Some of them deal with these symptoms by using drugs and alcohol. Numerous studies indicate that there is a correlation between depression and substance abuse among college students. It is believed that going to college brings about positive outcomes. However, ...

The harsh laws that prohibit the possession and selling of drugs revolve around the need to not only curb production levels but also to reduce the rates of substance abuse in the ongoing war against the same. Subsequently, the penalties set against distribution, from the societal to international levels, are harsher in comparison to those of possession. After all, unlike the distributor, whoever possesses a drug may have a legal sanction to do so within specific parameters. For instance, in the United States, the use of medical marijuana to alleviate pain is acceptable in certain jurisdictions. Now, possession aside, ...

Colombian conflict - asymmetric warfare, which began in 1964 (active - since 1966) and continues at the present time, between the Government of Colombia, paramilitary groups, criminal syndicates and leftist guerrillas (FARC, ELN) for influence in the country. It is believed that, historically, the civil war has become a continuation of la violencia - armed struggle between conservatives and liberals in the 1948-1958. The victory of the conservatives in this struggle led to the unification of liberal and communist militants in the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). Causes for the outbreak of conflict, each party interprets to their ...

The Cost of the War on Drugs and the Effectiveness of the Utilized Strategies

The drug problem is one of the most serious and urgent problems of the modern world. Over the past 50 years, the fight against drugs has turned into a real war of states against the various criminal gangs. The government has implemented a number of different strategies; and it took tremendous amount of both financial and socio-political resources. The governments of the developed countries conduct the research in various scientific fields such as chemistry, sociology, and criminal psychology in order to develop the most effective methods of combating drug trafficking. Despite these facts, the problem of drug trafficking remains ...

A police officer of Baltimore County, Maryland stopped a car for speeding. Three men were on the car. Partlow was the owner and driver of the vehicle. Pringle was at the front passenger seat. Smith was at the back seat. When the driver opened the glove compartment to get the car registration, the police officer noticed a sizable amount of rolled-up cash inside. The police officer proceeded to verify the registration and check the driver’s license. Partlow had no prior criminal record. The police officer asked for permission to search the car. When the officer pulled down the ...

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL)

Abu Musab al-Zarqawi in 1999 founded the Jamāʻat al-Tawḥīd wa-al-Jihād which is the present day ISIL. Initially, the organization pledged support to the Al Qaeda and fought alongside them against the Multinational force which invaded Iraq in 2003 (Spark 3). In 2006, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi died and the remnants of his militant organization founded the Islamic State of Iraq (ISI). Subsequent leadership who had the ability to keep the group aligned to the ideology of Al Qaeda died in US led attacks (Spark 4). Eventually, the Al Qaeda, in 2014 realized it could no longer keep ...

The Fair Sentencing Act

On August 3, 2010, President Barack Obama signed into law the Fair Sentencing Act of 2010, for the first time in the History of the U.S (Grindle, 2010). This law was a response to the then claims of racial biases of the law in convicting drug dealers. This Act established new quantity thresholds, which were meant to trigger statutory mandatory minimum and maximum penalties for offenses related to cocaine. By so doing, this law amended the Controlled Substance Act and the controlled import and export of substance. This new law saw to it that the quantities of cocaine that ...

It is estimated that one out of every five deaths in America is thought to be associated with the use of tobacco and smoking is believed to be the leading cause of premature death in this country (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2014). Aside from the emotional trauma, the monetary cost for the years between 2009 and 2012 are believed to be between $289 billion and $332.5 billion which include figures for lost productivity of workers in addition to expenses for medical care. Smoking, drinking alcohol, and the inappropriate use of legal and illegal drugs impacts society ...

1. Mandatory Minimums Mandatory minimum sentencing has been used for hundreds of years to lock those who commit crimes away for a guaranteed amount of time or to guarantee that the person in question receive a minimum fine. Initially, mandatory minimum sentencing conventions came about at the same time federal crimes were invented, with the passage of the 1790 Crimes Act (“History of Mandatory Minimum Penalties and Statutory Relief Mechanisms”). The modern version of mandatory minimum sentencing laws have come to only be applied to certain types of crimes, such as drug crimes, weapons charges, criminal possession of pornography, ...

A drug is a substance that brings about physiological effects when introduced into the body of a human being. Drug analysis deals with the technical process of determining the presence or the absence of particular parent drugs or in other words their metabolites. Drugs are classified into various groups, and these include depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens. For an individual to use these types of drugs, various reasons may contribute to this and can be elaborated through specific theories. Depressants are drugs that when introduced to the body lowers the neural transmission levels thus depressing the stimulation or arousal in ...

Abstract

Drug use is a major public health problem in society affecting everyone in society either directly or indirectly. The cost of drug abuse in society is very high, with many illnesses, accidents, crimes and deaths associated with drug abuse. Drug use is influenced by a number of factors, especially during adolescence. This is the stage in a person’s life where they are more likely to expose themselves to risky behavior and experimentation. Furthermore, peer pressure is high during this developmental stage with many adolescents seeking to fit in with their peers. In order to reduce drug abuse, it ...

The “Goblin Market” is a narrative poem by Christina Rossetti believed to have been written in 1862. The poem tells about two sisters Lizzie and Laura of whom one (Laura) falls ill after eating a bad “goblin fruit” and then gets healed through her sister’s bravery. The poem “Goblin Market” contains a lot of symbolism on addiction to sex and drugs. The poem is largely about addiction to sex. Laura is unable to resist the temptations of the luscious "goblin-men". The men make calls for her to go and buy the luscious fruit that they sell at night. ...

Abstract

The reduction of the crime rate in the 90s caught many unaware. There were no expectations whatsoever that various factors would conspire to make America a safer place. Before this period, New York was considered the most unsafe city in the world to live. This is no longer the case as New York has become safe. Various analysts have put have various theory in an attempt to explain this phenomenon. The existence of various explanations means that people interpreted the situation differently. Whether the same phenomenon can go on forever is questionable. In the world today where economic matters ...

Abstract

This article examines the types of drugs, their effects, and how they influence sex crime. Many people who commit crimes are either under the influence of alcohol or drugs. There seems to be a connection between drugs and offenses such as sexual assault, rape among others. Various drugs have different dangers associated with them. Sedative drugs slow down the way the brain and the body operate, stimulant drugs increase energy and keep people alert while hallucinogenic drugs may lead to very disturbing experiences and expose the user to dangerous behavior. Moreover, individuals who are under the influence of narcotics ...

Introduction

In the end of the twentieth century the United States was concerned with the spread of the drug abuse among the pregnant females. Several experts came to the conclusion that the addiction to the drug during the pregnancy will impact the mental and physical health of the child. Moreover, the experts predicted that the children born by the mother using the drugs will show the unsatisfactory academic performance. Besides, it should be said that the increased interest of society to the problem with crack babies was caused by the policy introduced by Ronald Reagan on position of the President ...

Falling in love can be just as powerful as sniffing a line of cocaine. In fact, studies have shown that the effect cocaine has on the brain sometimes provokes similar chemical reactions as those caused by the feeling of being in love. However, despite love sometimes being classified as a natural stimulant, it could also be harmful to human health in certain situations. And given such similarities, the neural enhancement of both these stimulants should be taken both cautiously and seriously. In the scientific and common literature, love is almost always regarded as being a benefit to a person's ...

<Institution> Based on the 2013 Annual National Survey on Drug Use and Health, which was conducted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), there were approximately 24 million Americans (ages 12 and up) who used illicit drugs a month before the survey was conducted (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2015). From this figure, 1.5 Americans used cocaine (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2015). Knowing that many people continue to use prohibited drugs despite the fact that it is associated with many adverse effects, I became interested on this area, specifically on understanding what could help ...

Introduction

Nowadays, the struggle against the use, dissemination, and production of drugs is quite severe. Despite the fact that so-called War on Drugs has been launched in 1971, it seems like there was no serious developments in this direction. Since the development of this campaign, loads of taxpayers’ funds were invested to this fight, a lot of people were detained, and tons of substances confiscated. The War led to the militarization of the police and involvement of the military into the raids on multiple occasions. One of the main issues here is the focus of the authorities on a specific ...

An Assignment Submitted by

History of the Client The client’s name is Logan Edward, who is 32 years old male living in the New York City. Initially, the client was born in San Diego, CA, but he moved to NYC after the divorce of his parents. Edward has one brother and a mother; he does not communicate with his father. He has been married and divorced twice; he is single now. The client has one child, son Eric, from the second marriage. Edward is a college drop-out, yet he decided to join the armed forces afterward and spent 6 years in service ...

Newspaper article with link:

Flight attendant accused of trying to smuggle much cocaine http://www.wsj.com/articles/AP5e9c70b3601949aa807000fa5a811381

FLIGHT ATTENDANT ACCUSED OF TRYING TO SMUGGLE 68 POUNDS OF COCAINE AT LAX ARRESTED

http://abc13.com/news/flight-attendant-arrested-for-carrying-68-pounds-of-cocaine/1260246/

Summary of the article:

Sky Worker Accused in Smuggling Drugs There is an article in the ABC News of March 24th, where a story of a flight attendant`s disclosure is described. The matter took place in Los Angeles International Airport, where Marsha Reynolds tried to smuggle nearly 70 pounds of cocaine. The woman was caught during the luggage check. When she realized there was no way out, she dropped the carry-on bags and tried to escape from the officers, but later surrendered to agents at Kennedy`s International Airport in New ...

Summary

Over the past few years, there has been a growing interest among neurosurgeons on the potential for therapies that impact on diseases, over and above the movement disorders and pain. One of the biggest targets of this increasing interest has been the nucleus accumbens. It has been studied for long, as an area of the brain that mediates a variety of behaviors, including reward and satisfaction (Salgado & Kaplitt, 2015). With this in mind, the modulation of the biology of the Nucleus Accumbens through either deep brain stimulation or through biological therapies like gene therapy or the transplantation of cells ...

Introduction

Towards the end of the twentieth century and in the first decade of the twenty first century, the world has undergone a drastic change. This has been, in a large measure due to the tremendous advances in transportation technology and internet communication technology. Goods and services from any corner of the world are accessible to anyone in any other part of the world. The rich and the middle class all over the world have access to latest in fashion, food and electronics. However, in every country, a considerable fraction of the population live in abject poverty and the modern ...

How the State and Its Institutions Perpetuate the Systemic Exclusion and Subsequent Punishment of Radicalized, Sexed, or Gendered Groups

According to Brown, institutional racism is common in the societies we live in today, and sadly the situation my not change soon because the practice is perpetuated by the state and its institutions (2009). In essence, the practice is getting worse, as the world embracing capitalism and moral decay is almost at its peak. The minority groups face loads of injustice from the state and in the communities; they live in (Brown 2009). These individuals also need protection, but instead, the society uses their vulnerability for the greater harm. These individuals often suffer in silence because they have no ...

Introduction

Juvenile correctional approaches in the United States centers around the best interest of the child. Young children below the age of 18 fall into the juvenile category. The system offers to purge any criminal record after a stipulated period of time and at the completion of certain terms. The juvenile records remain sealed from public record during this time and are rarely unsealed in spite of exceptional circumstances. Juvenile offenders are first part of a meeting between the State prosecutors to discuss the options of community service for nonviolent crimes. Only in the event of not reaching a conclusive ...

Abstract

The study has focused on the topic of substance abuse among African American teen residing in Mott Haven area of Bronx United States. The paper has started by giving an overview that entails defining the topic’s key terms. Also, the study has highlighted and discussed the statistics showing the frequency of drug and substance abuse among the African American youngsters. As the report has indicated, the teens fall under the age bracket of 12 to 17 years. The paper has explained the drugs abused most by the youngsters with alcohol taking the lead, followed by marijuana, inhalants as ...

Brief summary

Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is considered to be a health problem because of the millions of people who are using it worldwide. The article states that excessive cocaine use will cause changes in the prefrontal Cortes (PFC) (Terraneo, p.37). The reason for this is because PFC plays a significant role in the addictive cycle such as the inhibitory control, reinforcement learning as well as cravings. Many types of research that have been conducted show that the loss of inhibitory control is brought on by drug behaviors. The article looks at the animal studies that have been carried out in ...

U.S has a high number of adolescents hooked to illicit drug use and the percentage of drug abusers is increasing at an alarming rate. There are several reasons for an adolescent to indulge into drug abuse. Factors such as anxiety, depression, getting bored of many things in life, believing that drugs relieves stress, or to forget the painful memories of the past, and building a faith that drugs will help them fit into all situations are few causes that attract the drug abusers. Hundreds of drugs are available in the market depending on the user preference, categorized as hard ...