Essays on Collectivization

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The economic development of Vietnam after the end of long-lasting war was quite complicated and controversial. The infrastructure destroyed during the war almost to the full extent and the human capital lost due to the same reasons constituted additional difficulties for the communist authorities that tried to foster its economic development. In general, modern statistics reveal unsatisfied results of their policies because it seems that Vietnam did not reach the vast majority of the goals estimated in the Second Five-Year Plan. This plan adopted in 1975 became the first plan aimed ...

Introduction

In the end of the World War II, in Tropical and South Africa there were only three independent states: Ethiopia, Liberia and South African Union. In central and western Africa there were French, British, Belgian and Spanish colonies. The USSR and the United States at once supported the process of decolonization in Africa, because both had no colonies on the continent, and the weakening of European countries met their interests. Thus, the national liberation movements in Africa long before the independence enlisted the support of the US and the Soviet Union that began a struggle for a new international ...

Introduction

The formation of the People’s Republic of China by Mao Zedong and his CCP party heralded a new phase of the revolution that started in the early 1950's up to the time Chairman Mao stepped down from as the leader of CCP. The main feature that characterized the revolution was that the rural sector had been placed under collectivization and its ultimate de-collectivization for agricultural production. China experienced two fundamental reforms concerning land in the half period of the twentieth century, where each part of the agrarian reform had two phases in them. The first stage of the ...

PRC, USSR and Socialism

Introduction Socialism is a system of government and authority whose primary characteristic is the denial or repudiation of individual property rights. Under this system of governance, individuals do not enjoy the right to own property; rather this right is vested in the society. All property is owned by the society and individuals cannot stake an individual claim on any. Distribution and production are controlled by the government and the state. As a form of governance, socialism has been practiced in several states in the world throughout the years. The proponents of socialism have often suggested several goals that this ...

The development of Russia had many historical turning points. These changes were mainly connected with such political figures as Lenin, Stalin, Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Gorbachev, Yeltsin, and Putin. The Soviet economy depended on mostly political decisions but not economic programs. Although the basic economic system in Stalin, Khrushchev, Brezhnev eras remained unchanged, there were some peculiarities in these periods. The effect of Stalin’s policy had a profound impact on people and the state. In 1928, the Communists instituted the first Five-Year Plan. It dealt with such aspects of development as an industry, consumer goods, agriculture, transportation, communications, health, education, and ...

Joseph Stalin was one of the most outstanding persons in the politics of the twentieth century. For one type of people, he was bloody dictator and murderer for the other - wise ruler and the savior of the state. One thing we know for sure – this person had a great impact on both the Soviet Union and the world. His decisions changed borders in Europe and changed world history. Joseph Stalin or Ioseb Besariones dze Jughashvilli was born in the town of Gori, Georgia, on December 18, 1878 in the family of cobbler. In childhood, Joseph suffered from various diseases. ...

Introduction

Genocide was born out of the whims of political leaders whose powers met no restraints in the form of any formal convention. Political leaders gain motivation to commit genocide from their sheer dislike towards differences, often defined through nationality, religion and race, among others. Genocidal events have imbued a lasting negative impression throughout generations that have succeeded, especially on groups of people whose ancestors have gone through the plight of mass killings. With that kind of awareness in mind, contemporary politics has become more sensitive in limiting the powers of political leaders. Notions ...

Industrialization refers to the large-scale establishment of developed technical enterprises, manufacturing and other economic activities. The idea of industrialization refers to economic shifts from a principally agricultural foundation, to a combined or service/industrial foundation with a rise in output per capita and output. Even though the initial phases of industrialization need policy and systemic measures to guide resources into effective procedure, the creation of output growth via productivity growth is paramount. The Soviet Union economy focused on the procedure of industrialization and agriculture through divergent policy imperatives, institutional arrangement and shift in ideological strictures. Changes in the society and institutional arrangement ...

How Stalin succeeded in transforming the U.S.S.R. Stalin’s plans to achieve the modernization of the Soviet Union through rapid industrialization and the collectivization of the land transformed the Soviet Union, but came with an immense cost in human suffering. How was Stalin able to pursue such inhumane policies without risking insurrection or revolt? This paper examines five sources in order to answer that question. It will be seen that through a mixture of tyranny and terror, through propaganda designed to bolster the cult of personality, and through associating himself the legacy of Lenin, Stalin was able to achieve ...

Introduction

When Karl Marx wrote his seminal work, das capital, he never thought that his work would be as influential as events in the 20th century testifies. Karl Marx is thought to be one of the most influential economists of all time (Barnett 46). His ideas were first put in practice by Lenin in Russia. Marx had predicted the revolution of the proletariat to depose the owners of capital in the industrial societies. But this revolution happened in one of the most backward societies in Europe at the time. Together with Leon Trotsky, Lenin established communism in Russia. Lenin came ...