Essays on Conquests

With specific reference to at least three readings given, explain how the early modern period can be understood as an "invention" or "discovery" of the modern age? The early modern period in the world’s history marks significant changes in culture, religion, worldview and people’s perception of themselves in the universe. Symbolically defined as the period between the fall of Constantinople in the late Middle Ages and the onset of the Age of Revolutions in the late eighteenth century, the early modern period is commonly described as the time of invention, the Age of Discovery and the Age ...

Questions for Examination

There are radical contradictions between the traditional and technogenic civilizations. The traditional societies focus mainly on the slow rates in the changes of the society. There are innovations in the regulation as well as a production of global social relations in the traditional societies (Stepin 3). However, the progress is slow in comparison to individual and generation life patterns. The slow globalization processes in the traditional societies result in different generations residing in the same public structures with the aim of preserving culture. Traditional societies mainly exist in the third world countries, creating a conflict with the technogenic societies. ...

Multiple factors went into play before the Europeans claimed dominance over world trade routes and conquered vast lands outside Europe. With a particular interest in the fact that the Chinese boasted better navigation tools and sea vessels than the Portuguese and the Spanish did by the fifteenth century (World Shrinks17mins), the rise of the West benefited greatly from the lack of competition. In other words, if the Chinese had maintained their desire to show their military prowess to other nations, then the West would have taken longer if not failed to come into power. A view of the animated ...

In the ancient times, there were many civilizations around the world, but all of them managed to develop independently. In spite of the fact that the world is so diverse and the West seems to be too far from the East, different parts of the world have a lot in common. However, it is extremely hard to trace the common themes between the West and the East when it comes to religions without concentrating on their differences first. This paper is going to focus on the differences in the role of the prophets between the biggest religions of the ...

There are a few characteristics in the US that keep men confined to the “man box” while also encouraging young men to become Intimate Terrorists. Namely, men are revered for their sexual conquests, the degree to which they value women, and the degree to which they embrace traditional “macho” roles. First, men in the US are still perceived as “studs”, based upon their number of sexual conquests with different men. This behavior is emulated by young men, who feel that it is not only acceptable, but that numerous sexual encounters earn him respect in the men’s clique. Thus, ...

I would agree with the man that Alexander the Great was not so much of a great leader after all. Even though he highly contributed in the spread and implementation of Greek culture and believes across its conquests, he highly underperformed as a statesman that he was. According to my perspective, Alexander the Great failed to perform satisfactorily in most of the areas that define a great leader. For a leader to be considered great, he or she should be able to leave behind a legacy, his performance as a leader should be outstanding and his missions and methods ...

The Writings of Hernan Cortes and Bartolome de las Casas

The Writings of Hernan Cortes and Bartolome de las Casas In the half-century following Christopher Columbus’ arrival in the so-called “New World” of the Western Hemisphere, millions of indigenous peoples were slaughtered, hundreds of villages had been destroyed, and a hundred-year-old empire had fallen. Though all of these events took place at the hands of Spanish conquistadors, contemporary narratives of this tragic moment in history vary. In the early sixteenth century writings of Hernan Cortes and Bartolome de las Cases, two divergent views of the native population of the Americas and the justification for Spanish conquest emerge. This paper ...

The Hellenistic period played an important role in the development and evolution of Greek’s art and architecture. Art and architecture in this period derived its uniqueness and cultural significance mainly from the prior conquests of Alexander the great. The period before Hellenistic Greece was characterized by the conquests of Alexander and his armies; they managed to conquer significant parts of continental Europe and Asia (Austin 72). In the process of these conquests, Greek artistic culture was brought into contact with new forms of artistic culture in the conquered territories. It also had the effect of expanding the realm ...

Analysis of the Historical Characteristics of Islam before 1500 C.E.

Islam is the second largest religion in the world. As of 2000, the number of Muslims in the world was estimated to be more than 1.2 billion people or 22% of the world’s population (Strayer, 2011). Islam is gaining more adherents and spreading to various parts of the world that were hitherto considered as being exclusive to certain religions. In the United States for instance, there are more than 1,200 mosques in which more than 8 million American Muslims worship (Strayer, 2011). With such a strong presence in the world it is important to review the historical characteristics of ...

1. Established at the outset of the nineteenth century was Manifest Destiny, which emerged as the guiding tenet and ideology for American foreign policy. Manifest Destiny of the 1840s has been argued to be a product of American nationalism and the impulse to expand its frontier to the west coast of North America. Ultimately, the ideology of Manifest Destiny drove the territorial expansion that resulted in the outbreak of the Civil War. The history of American expansionism during the nineteenth century indeed retained a racial paradox at its core: while American conquests across the Pacific Ocean and the North American continent ...

Julius Caesar is perhaps one of the most popular and powerful political, military, and economic leader who have ever lived. In this paper, the author is going to give out specific reasons why Julius Caesar can easily be considered as the most influential person in history. It was in 60 B.C. when Julius Caesar won the election as consul for 59 B.C. The results of the election were fairly close because of the strong reputation and apparently incorruptible character that the other two candidates had . However, what made Julius Caesar win the election was his strong background and popularity as a ...

Abstract

The strong abilities of Romans to manipulate their physical environment via the development and use of strong military forces has led them to acquire several tracts of land across Europe, with its end as the Roman Empire having become memorable in scholarly works due to its sheer expanse. The magnanimity of the Roman Empire is perhaps best measured by the largeness of its territorial acquisitions. This study finds that the strong military forces of Rome has enabled it to two more consequential forms of physical manipulation – the slaughter of many people supporting Roman rivals and the systemic acquisition of land as “war ...

Essay Outline: Assessing the Success of Ancient Rome through the Manipulation of the Physical Environment by the Romans

Thesis Statement The success of Ancient Rome in its efforts for territorial expansion and establishing the Roman state lies on the proficiency of Romans in manipulating their physical environment, made through their immensely devastating military power and the effects of their devastation in terms of eliminating population and transfer of land use.

Supporting Point 1: Immense military power has enabled the Romans to conquer several lands within Europe – first, by conquering the whole of the Italian Peninsula and then by spreading throughout the rest of the continent. Ancient Rome was divided into three eras – the Kingdom, ...

Alexander the great was a son to Queen Olympia and King Phillip II. He was born in 356 B.C. He had a strong background having Aristotle as his tutor. He took charge of the companion cavalry at the age of 18. He also helped King Phillip in defeating the Theban and Athenian armies at Chaeronea. He acquired support of the Macedonian Army after his father’s death and he eliminated all his enemies to become the king and the leader of the Corinthian league (Randall, 2004). He started conquering territories at an early age and this gave him more bravery and got ...

Theoretical Explanations of Two Prominent Pre-Industrial Civilizations: The Mayan Civilization and the Roman Empire from the Lens of Joseph Tainter and Arnold Toynbee

Introduction

Civilizations have characterized much of human history and have laid the groundwork for several innovations on human organization. As humans have learned to congregate in societies, they have developed their respective ways of living based on their understanding on the natural and social environment enveloping them within a given geographical area. Human organization inevitably comes into play, in which positions of authority are recognized and tasked to maintain and improve the political, economic and religious affairs of ...

Introduction

History is an important aspect for any one’s life as history matters a lot. In the past, many conquerors and kings marked their names due to their achievements, power, bravery, and glory. As a result, it is important to uncover the history and learn more about people such as Alexander III of Macedonia referred to as “Alexander the great” known as the most genius and intellectual military leader. Alexander takes the credit of conquering various territories that extend from Greece to Egypt. In addition to that, being a king of Macedonia he also conquered the entire from Balkans to modern day ...

One of the world’s greatest cultural contact experiences in history involved the spread of Islam from its original base to the Middle East and Arabian Peninsula to a host of areas in Europe, Asia, and Africa (Hill, 23). Islam appealed to people from a variety of cultures and societies and brought important changes because of the contact and often in some respect merging with the already established local belief systems. Muslims established new cultural contacts from 700 CE because of far-reaching trade, conquests, and missionary activity (Hill, 23). The Muslim world’s dimensions were well established by 1450 CE. Islam’ ...

Background of Islamic Faith

In the VII century BC most of Arabia was a desert inhabited by tribes of nomadic Bedouins. However, on the fertile lands along the shores of the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean were scattered permanent settlements, from where originated caravan routes across the sands to the cities of Syria and Mesopotamia (now Iraq). Due to the caravan trade, there flourished rare oases along the trade routes, including the small towns of Mecca and Medina, which in the history of Islam were destined to play a key role.

Prophet Mohammad was born in Mecca, in the family of camel driver. Upon ...

Islam is one of the major and widespread monotheistic religions in the world. Therefore, Muslims, followers of Islam, believe in one God, whom they call Allah. It was found by the Prophet Muhammad in the 7th century in Arabia. The interesting fact is that Muslims believe that the Prophet Muhammad did not establish their religion, but he revealed it, as it has always existed. According to Muslim’s holy book, Quran, there were other prophets before Muhammad such as Jesus, Moses and Abraham. The importance of the last one we can find in the Quran, where he considered as “a ...

There has been historical contradiction on the role Columbus played in the dominance of Europe of the world. Even though textbooks have different accounts of events, the role played by Columbus was a fundamental one. He was the first explorer and sailor to discover America, and the possibilities it presented. Through the discovery, the process of conquering began. Columbus was crucial to forming history, even though it is hardly recognized in many of the history books after 1482. He was not the first sailor to discover Americas, but he was the last upon whom paths were opened from a world ...

(Insert Institute) An increase in population and wealth led to the creation of governments and in turn saw to the rise of powerful empires. Said empires have since been recorded among the most influential domains in the history of the world. Consequently, as one empire rose to power another fell in the hands of their enemies thus creating a form of competition amongst neighboring domains. For instance, Greece was a colony of the Ottoman Empire until the Greek War of Independence that lasted between 1821 and 1831 (Masters and Agoston, 2009, p. 240). Therefore, the empires rose to power depending ...

The history about Islam has always been linked to the Islamic empire’s existence. From the beginning, Islam existed and spread in the form of a community whereby Islam was both a cult and a political order (Courbage et al. 344). Egypt, Persia and Levant were all involved in the transformation of Islam to the present state it is in today by the power of the Arabs. There have been differing views on how to deal with the history of Islam even though there are evident sources of how and why Islam was transformed from a cult to an acceptable religion. This critical ...

Introduction

The modern practices and belief systems are traceable to ancient societies. These modern societies are a product of the evolution of the ancient civilizations through a period spanning many centuries. The modern society has not replicated the ancient civilization; it has modified the ancient practices to fit the current needs and geographical conditions. The modern social systems in art, fashion, religion, language, science, economy and political administration have their foundation in the ancient ideologies. One of the ancient civilizations that have a profound effect to the modern society is the ancient Mesopotamia. Through its successive insightful and visionary leaders, it emerged as ...

Religious Studies

The Roman Catholic Church gained power and authority in the 6th century with a watchful management that lasted all through the 9th century . However, the invasion of the Barbarian has tore apart the Roman Empire, and also split through entire Europe. These circumstances have boosted the church to attain its greater attitude. Moreover, the whole Western Europe as well as preservation of values of Western Civilization is obliged to its existence to the rise of the Church. However, if it were not meant for the alliance of the churches with the royalty of the barbarian that pave the way to ...

SAUDI ARABIA

In western Asia the largest Arab state is the kingdom of Saudi Arabia or as it is known in less official terms Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia covers the largest territory in the Arab peninsula. The country is about 2150000 square kilometers or 830000 square miles in area. This makes it one of the largest Arab nations not only in the Arab peninsula but also in the entire world coming second to only Algeria. The country has a population of three million with 90% composing of Arabs and 10% composing of afroo-asians.in the 1930s the population of the country was primarily ...

How do you explain a shift in the historical trajectory of the Muslim world from a period of ascendancy between the fifteenth and the seventeenth century to a period of decline and European domination from the eighteenth century on?

Introduction

History offers us a wide variance and mosaic of human activity. The human civilization has emerged from simple hunting and gathering techniques for basic survival to an era of increasingly complex and modern machinery and technology. This journey of man through history has unravelled a series of struggles and has witnessed the rise and fall of different civilizations and empires. This struggle has been incessant ...

Introduction

The Song of El Cid is an Epic Spanish poem based on the Story of a medieval warrior from the era of Alfonso II’s reign between 1072 and 1109, Rodrigo de Viva “El Cid,” who lived between 1043 and 1099 as a knight. He fought for the Christians and sometimes for the Muslims during the Spanish Reconquest (Reconquista) and conquered the King of Valencia, which has been in the hands of Arab leaders. This earned him a great reputation, leading to his name as El Cid or “The Lord.” The Story of El Cid lends itself to analysis based on several ...

Iranian civilization history

For the first time in history in the 13th century a phenomenon arose in central Asia of a virtual world war due to the fury of the Mongolians. The existence of new tormentors amidst them was something the Euro/Asiatic land masses did not expect as the Mongol tribe unleashed their fury on them. The few works of art that have lived to give an impression of how the invaders looked like being just two objects that show similar images but different cultures of the Mongol conquerors: The furthest point to the west that the Mongols reached which in recent times ...

Technology and geography are unquestionably the most important factors that have influenced many of the nations, even the current super power and those among the developed nations. However, few people really understand how the current civilization came about or where it started and the people who have benefited the most. Of importance to note is that almost everything in our daily life has an element of technology; from listening to a sermon in church, to going to international war, from the activities of the farmer to the deals of a great cartel swindling his countries money. One of the notable effects ...

Question 1: Wolf refers to ‘a collaboration between the war-making rulers and the merchant class’ (Wolf p.101, p.5 of Unit Reader) and ‘a political coalition between the centralizing executive and the merchant class’ (Wolf p.109, p. 9 of Unit Reader). Explain what those phrases mean, and illustrate what those alliances did, by referring to three different European regions described by Wolf. Wolf begins with an explanation of the reason behind the collaborations between the merchants and the ruling class as states expanded their influence and merchants gained new frontiers of trade. For example, the Mediterranean region had long connections with ...

Battles of the Ottoman and the Safavid Empires

The Middle East has long been seen as one of the richest regions in the world, not just for its riches, but it was also rich of centuries-old traditions and history that has shaped mankind. The region became known as the epicenter of world trade with the establishment of the Silk Road and sea-lanes connecting Eurasia together. It was also in the Middle East wherein religions and ethnicities were created and diversified, transforming societies and cultures throughout the globe. Many nations have attempted to take this very diverse and rich land, however, the region was only controlled by a select ...

Son of Phillip II, the Macedonian king Alexander III rose from a king to an emperor in a short span of 12 years. He is famous for being the youngest, greatest military genius who conquered entire Greece, Mediterranean, Persian and middle eastern regions in a single conquest ever recorded in history of mankind. Born in Pella in 356 BC Alexander was tutored by Greek philosopher Aristotle in science, medicine, literature and philosophy (History of Macedonia, 2001-13). His father Phillip II dreamt of conquering the Persian Empire and reaching Asia but was assassinated suddenly in 336 BC. Alexander ascended the throne on his death ...

Paper Due Date

Evolution of Christianity Christianity had its origins out of Judaism around 1st century C.E. Its foundation is on teachings, death, resurrection and life of Jesus Christ and his followers named as "Christians." Concept of Christ’s Body point to life’s central aspect – belief of appearance of human body three days after death and continuation of its life in church’s central sacrament, the Eucharist where ritual involving gestures and words leads to a wheaten small disk forming the body within context of liturgy’s ritual. Christianity is divided in to three branches Eastern Orthodoxy, Protestantism and ...

Abstract

The rise of Mongolia King named Genghis Khan remains one of the most dramatic happenings of the 11th Century. Documented history indicates that Khan was the founder and ruler of the Mongol Empire for 21 years until 1227. Most of the documented works about the Mongol ruler came from the voluminous script titled, “The secret history of the Mongols”. The source strays into describing the early life of Khan, adventures that facilitates his rise into power, and finally the aftermath of his leadership. Scholars from different cultural backgrounds have spent considerable time trying to establish facts about this unparalleled ...

In the book Ambivalent Conquests, Inga Clendenin uses firsthand accounts to prove her thesis about the New World and the Spanish settlers. Using the point of view of the Europeans, Clendenin writes about the worship of idolatry in the Yucatan. Perhaps the central theme in the book is the while Franciscans had an honest attempt to Christianize the indigenous people of the new world, the missionaries failed this initial experiment because of their corruption, political engagements, and torture as well blatant racism ( Clendenin, p. 165-189). In addition, this is also a story of rejection, conquest, blood bath, and forceful conversion ...

- What was the hijrah (emirgration/migration) that Muhammad and his followers made, and why was this such an important event in Muslim history? The “Hijrah” – is the Prophet Muhammad's and his supporters` flight from Mecca to Medina, where the first Muslim community was founded in 622 AD. Basically, “hijrah” in Arabic language has got a meaning of relocation from one place to another. As a religious term, the word "hijra" is used in cases of relocation of believers who are oppressed in their homeland and deprived of freedom of religion, to other regions where there are more favorable conditions for ...

Introduction

Colonialism refers to the practice of domination of one race upon another through conquests. Colonization refers to the European settlers taking lands by force from non-European people. The word colonialism has frequently been associated with the description of European settlement in North America, New Zealand, Australia, Brazil, Canada and places which were under the subjugation of European settlers. German scholar Jurgen Osterhammel described colonialism as "a relationship of domination between an indigenous majority and a minority of foreign invaders" (Nielsen & Robyn, 2003). Though colonizing states like New Zeland, Australia, Canada and the United States vary in their cultures, economies, histories, legal ...

For Spain, the voyages of Christopher Columbus and his successors were positive in the sense that they opened up a New World and gave that country the largest empire in the world, but they were a disaster for the Native Americans. Within 100 years, the Native population of the islands Columbus visited had been reduced to zero because of warfare, disease and slave labor. This also occurred in Mexico and Peru after they were conquered by Hernan Cortez and Francisco Pizarro in the 1520s and 1530s, to the point where the indigenous population fell 80-90% within a century. No one had really ...

Dark Ages is the term referred to as the period of cultural and economic regression that occurred in Europe succeeding the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in 476. This period refers to the Middle Ages, A.D. 450 until A.D 1000 and is called the Dark Ages because it denotes a period of grief, torture and plague. During this era, the Roman territory was divided where Kings and mounted Knights emerged. Vikings and barbarians from northern and central Europe conquered Rome and brought havoc to the fallen empire. Imperialism was replaced with feudal system where citizens were protected inside walled ...

Introduction

China has a rich history which is highly complex and interesting. Warlords, who basically created China by conquests, have ruled over it for a long time. The country has been marred with war and some reigns of peace have characterized the country. All this led to the development of the current Chinese power. China has had times when it had a close relationship with its neighbors in terms of trade and periods that it locked itself up from external influence and became a closed civilization. China was economically superior to the west before the 19th century. However many historians who are more conservative ...

Q. 1 Extent of Islamic empire during the first century of the advent of Islam and its proliferation

Following the death of Prophet Mohammad in 632 having spent his last decade in Medina between 622 to 632 trying to conquer the pagan state of Mecca, Islam had already gained momentum and was spreading rapidly like wildfire in the middle east, parts of modern day Eastern Europe and Northern Africa (Pratt 38). Following Mohammad’s death, his followers were left under the leadership of the elderly Abu Bakr who only reigned for 2 years before he died in 634. Under his leadership, the Islamic army continued to register impressive victories that led to the continued conquest of the ...

The spread of Islam began when Prophet Muhammad received the revelation for the Almighty Allah in heaven. This is estimated to be between the years 570 AD to 630 AD. He was by then a mature man of about 40 years. His teaching began in Arabia. It is also within this time that Islam as a religion began to take shape. The first section of Muslims was the Muslim ummah who mainly inhabited Arabia. During this initial stages of Islam, its spread was mainly facilitated by kingdom conquests facilitated Umayyad Caliphas and Rashidun. This paper will discuss the expansion of early ...

Religious sculpture held a much more prominent role in Western culture before the twentieth century. Indeed, many of the masterworks of the Renaissance age and beyond focus on religious topics, as those were the chosen subjects that the patrons who could finance the work of sculptors wanted to see rendered. In the modern era, though, there are many patrons who want to see sculpture of a more secular nature, and in the post-representational age, there are many who view the meaning of two- and three-dimensional art to be as diverse as the number of viewers who are available to view the ...

The Mask of Religion

Throughout human history, religion has been an incredibly influential force across the world. In the name of religions such as Christianity, Judaism and Islam, people both live rich and fulfilled lives. Some individuals even found spiritual insight, understanding and wisdom because of their faith in and love for God and their fellowmen. However, there are those who used religion for their own selfish interest and “filthy lucre gain” (Titus 1:11, KJV). Thus, in the name of religion, fanatics and false religious leaders had committed and continue to commit terrible acts against humanity. Despite these religions' untarnished doctrines concerning ...

Abstract

In this essay, a description of how the vernacular language had its origin in the different countries and developed throughout History is made. It is also explored the way it spread to various areas of written works and everyday situations, gradually becoming the languages that one knows nowadays as the main languages of some countries of Europe. Keywords: vernacular, language, origin, development, literary, England, Germany, France, Roman, empire, spread, Latin.

With the Roman state powerful growth, Latin was quickly spread all throughout the Mediterranean area and became the dominant language. Being a living language, the evolution of Latin continued, being ...

The Ottoman Empire emerged between the early fourteenth century and the late sixteenth century after a series of ten successive conquests. We, therefore, seek to answer the question, 'what were the reasons behind the Ottoman Turks military success in creating a third (but non-Arab) Islamic empire re-uniting the Greater Middle-East/Gulf region?' The Ottoman Empire emerged in the 13th century and expanded its area coverage through a series of conquests against the Christians and non-Turks minority. These successful conquests were significantly attributed to the extemporary organization of the Ottoman army. First, the success of any military conquest depends on its organization, ...

Religion has been an incredibly influential force in the world throughout history, for good or ill. While religions like Christianity, Judaism and Islam have enabled people to live richer lives and find some spiritual truth in their life experiences, these faiths have also been used to commit terrible acts. Despite these religions' ostensible focuses on compassion, life and goodness, people have used religion to cover their own misbehaviors of killing - breaking God's law while invoking it at the same time. This is a supremely unethical line of thinking, as each of these religions promotes peace, and even outside of ...

The population of Pre-Islamic Arabia consisted of scattered independent tribes, whose life was characterized by total absence of political organization, absolute dedication to the tribe and the chief, ceaseless warfare. Arabs were rather indifferent and inert towards religion but had some notion of it. Local animist tradition coexisted with idolatry and pagan pantheon of deities, mainly derived from Semitic sources. When Quraysh captured Mecca, they brought a cult of the chief (but not singular) lunar god Hubal, later called Allah. In the sixth century, nearly in the end of Pre-Islamic era, Arabs were pressured by two strong empires of Sassanid Persia ...

Describe the conquests of Alexander the Great and analyze the legacy of his empire

Introduction Alexander the great is among the most legendary people in history. Alexander was born in 356 B.C in a small state called Pella. He was a philosophy student of Aristotle at his young age. He became king of Macedonia, a town north of primeval Greece in 336 B.C (Cawthorne, 2004). During his reign, Alexander managed to transform Macedonia into the most dominant military command in the whole of Greek. This paper seeks to give a description of the conquest of Alexander as well as an analysis of the legacy left by his empire.

After taking over Macedonia, Alexander the great came ...

A STUDY ON SOCIAL ALLIANCES IN THE PAST

SOCIAL ALLIANCES: ITS FORMATIONS, MOTIVATIONS AND PURPOSES

Looking at the structure of nations, culture, and communities today, it suggests that at some point of history, people who are identified with various peculiarities joined one another. Today, there are particular countries wherein different people speak the same language; clans that consist of different people of different races; and places where people of various races and ethnicity live together. And these things happen only because of social alliances, which were formed in the past. However, these social alliances are distinctive according to when, why, and how they are formed. The formation ...

For a span of 52 years, Napoleon impacted the world in an astonishing manner (Elaine Landau 89). There are numerous achievements that Napoleon initiated without regard to the prevailing circumstances. The revolutions and instances of expedient military conquests, spell out the magnitude of individual effort that Napoleon employed to ensure success in the wars he waged (Elaine Landau 75). Napoleon’s personal, visionary statement was, “The most dangerous moments come with victory (John Abbott 233).” Numerous cases of double superior leadership positions like the Emperor of France and Italy’s King dictate that Napoleon’s achievements were more individually driven as ...

Introduction

After assumptions of the trappings of the eastern despotism i.e. during dominate, the office of the emperor of Rome faced several turbulent occasions. The barbarian kings started manipulating the western kings about the succession of the emperor while in the Byzantine emperor found it very hard with the autocratic trappings that were taking place in the East and which had consolidated support. The post republican period that existed after the civilization was dominated by the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire was characterized by vast territorial holdings both in Europe and the Mediterranean with an autocratic form of governance. ...

Provision for public health and safety

The organization of city planning Cultural/educational amenities for citizens of Icarie Cabet who was exiled from France decided to set up a model colony on land which was appropriated from the state of Texas. From the very beginnings this colony was meant to function on rather original lines with particular emphasis on issues such as health and safety which were unheard of in cities at that time. The city was to have orderly workshops, residential unites according to class, a properly planned sewage system and a number of public monuments, spaces and gardens to ensure the proper recreation of the ...

Netherlands Immigration

The historical background of a country plays an integral role in shaping the government’s activities in a country and the culture of the people. Netherlands as a country is not an exception in respect to this phenomenon. In fact, Netherlands is acknowledged in history as the first country to have a parliament through an election process. Apart from being associated with other affiliations, Netherlands is one of the founding member states of the European Union, World Trade Organization and the NATO. The headquarters of various Organizations such as Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and international courts such as the International Court of Justice, ...