Essays on Control Group

Post-stroke dysphagia, a potentially fatal complication, affects an estimated 23-50% of all stroke survivors. It is associated with a seven fold increase in the risk for aspiration pneumonia. Aspiration pneumonia increases the catabolic demands of the body and in the settings of impaired swallowing leads to a vicious cycle of malnutrition, dehydration, and further infections (Shaker & Geenen, 2011). Dysphagia affects a significant number of patients with hemispheric stroke which is the main subtype of ischemic stroke in the general population (Kumar et al., 2011). The functions of swallowing are subserved by a vast brain network. The inferior peri-rolandic sensorimotor ...

Initial Individual Proposal for Final Project

I. Conceptual Definitions: Discuss the concepts you are manipulating in the study. These are the theoretical definitions. IV 1: Attitude Level 1: Academic performance

Level 3: Choice of subject IV 2: Personality Level 1: Family background

Level 2: Previous school Level 3: Use of social media

Note: All levels must co-occur across factors. Identify what you measure in this study: Dependent Variable: Use of social media Is your DV nested within one IV? No [Your DV measure must not depend on one of your manipulated factors. For example, if you are investigating the effect of word presentation on memory (words presented auditorily vs. words presented visually), you cannot have ...

Abstract

The impact of coffee (caffeine) on diabetes is an issue that has not found significant exploration in past literature. The general hypothesis and one that has been adopted in this study is that coffee and particularly it major ingredient caffeine has significant positive influence on prevention of diabetes in humans. In this experiment, the researchers utilized a sample of eleven mice that had a genetic mutation for becoming diabetic. These mice were subjected to a diet of water (control group) and diluted coffee in the experimental group (Yamauchi et al., 2010). It was assumed that the experimental group would ...

Amoxicillin: A Review of Two Articles

The purpose of this paper is two examine two studies on the topic of the efficacy of amoxicillin or amoxicillin clavulanate as treatments for otitis media. The paper will describe the two studies, point out the major differences, and concludes with speculation as to why one study recommends the broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic whereas the other recommends a wait and see approach.

Design of the Studies

Both the Dutch study, Damoiseaux et al. (2000), and the Finnish study, Tahtinen et al. (2011), used a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled design to test the efficacy of amoxicillin or amoxicillin clavulanate. The inclusionary criteria in the Damoiseaux ...

Post-Stroke Depression

Stroke is amongst the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide (Mitchell, 2016). In the United States (US) alone, an estimated 750 000 individuals are affected by new or recurrent stroke annually. Survivors of stroke frequently experience some neurological-linked disability like hemiparesis and aphasia that lead to a loss of function. An estimated 50% of stroke survivors additionally experience long-term disability like partial paralysis while 25-50% of stroke patients require help in performing activities of daily living (Byun, 2012). Post-stroke disability is linked to additional symptoms such as depression, fatigue, and sleep disturbances. These symptoms have been correlated with ...

Effectiveness of Supported Angel Heel Treadmill Rehabilitation on hip fractured patients

Physiotherapist DECLARATION I, the undersigned Fatih Serkan YILDIRIMER (print name), a student of the Faculty of Public Health of Debrecen University, being fully aware of my legal liability, do thereby declare and certify with my signature that my thesis, entitled

EFFECTIVENESS OF SUPPORTED ANGEL HEEL TREADMILL REHABILITATION ON HIP FRACTURED PATIENT

is my own original work and that the printed and electronic literature referred to in it was used in accordance with the international rules of copyright. I understand that in the case of a thesis, it is considered plagiarism when: ● quoting word for word without quotation marks and referring to literature without proper citation. ● referring to content without citing ...

Use of Diabetes Education Interventions among Adults with Diabetes

Introduction Currently, 27% of total adults above the age of 60 suffer from diabetic conditions (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 2016). A majority percentage (Between 90-95%) of this group has type II diabetes. In effect, it is clear that continuous research must be performed diligently and effectively in order to find measures that are aimed at controlling the effects of diabetes amongst this adult group. For many years, older adults have been sidelined when it comes to diabetes education interventions, especially those over 60 years of age. According to Beverly, Fitzgerald, Sitnikov, Ganda, OCaballero, and ...

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Corresponding Address and email)

Differences between a causal and a correlation Causation refers to the cause of something to happen. A causal claim shows that the two events are related to each other in such a way that one event is the effect of the other. Suppose there are two events; b and c, then a causal claim can take the form of “b causes c” in which b refers to the cause and c refers to the effect. On the other hand, correlation shows that the two variables (events) are related to each other in such a way that ...

International Student Adjustment

Introduction International students experience a variety of adjustment concerns such as academic problems due to new educational systems, personal issues, cross-cultural problems, adjusting to new social norms. This project is specifically designed to integrate the international students. Interaction with host students and spending leisure time with American’s could be highly interrelated with international student’s perception of their relationship to American’s life. The biggest barrier considered during international student relationship was the lack of opportunity to interact socially and there is a surprising fact that many international students do not make friendship with an American friend. This ...

Introduction

The “Scientific Method” characterizes science from other fields of studies. It encompasses methodologies of scientific inquiry that follow certain patterns to easily obtain and make experimentation easier. The scientific method is improved as science and technology progress but it has the following general parts that are universal: a. identifying the problem statement, b. formulation of hypotheses, c. observation from sampling, measurement and description of the data obtained, d. formulation of inductions, e., employing theories and finally, f. formation of conclusion (Oxford University Press). These steps are greatly relevant to obtain the desired data for an experiment and with the ...

Introduction

The Scientific method is a framework followed by scientist in investigating a certain inquiry or process. Scientific method is a series of steps that was established during 1619 by Rene Descartes. This then led to the improvement of the principle so as being used until the recent times as a principle that guides every scientific fields (McLelland, n.d.). With scientific method, biases from personal prerogatives and the influence of environmental and social concerns are eradicated. The scientific method employs the utilization of testing procedures to verify claims that can be reproduced to strengthen the credibility. Scientific method is a ...

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between social networking and face-to-face communication with respect to their influence on the social interaction skills. The first aim of the research has to determine whether there is a causal relationship between use of social networking tools and face-to-face communication behaviors. The research aims to investigate the hypothesis. There will be a statistically significant difference in change/gain scores for communication behaviors between the experimental group and the control group; Face-to-face communication is associated with the students’ social media networking habits (i.e. time spent on social media networking). There will ...

APPLICATION FOR REVIEW OF RESEARCH INVOLVING HUMAN SUBJECTS

For IRB approval, submit your proposal to: Dr. State University IRB, if you have questions or wish to check the status of your proposal, please call Dr. ALL APPLICATIONS MUST BE TYPED. Please fill in this application form completely. [Do not state, "refer to pages in proposal" for requested information.] Attach additional information to this form only after the space available for response to a given question has been used.

Thesis

In making this application, I certify that I have read and understood the guidelines and procedures developed by McNeese State University for the protection of human subjects and that ...

Introduction

Learning a foreign language is a slow and progressive effort which requires constant and responsible practice. Independent study is absolutely necessary for progress, and the hours spent in the classroom are not nearly enough in order to achieve fluency. This is particularly true for languages which are considered difficult to master, such as Mandarin. In recent years, Mandarin has become one of the most important foreign languages studied in schools throughout the United States of America. Mastering Mandarin challenges students to a great extent, even though many of them choose to study this language. Consequently, many teachers use the ...

Lab report

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to determine the influence of phase transformation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of plain carbon steel type AISI C1045. The testing of metals is necessary to learn what metal is suitable for construction of a specific item by testing how microstructures react during phase transformations. The metal used during the experiments was samples of AISI C1045 Steel also called carbon steel alloy. The samples each underwent tests for Heat Energy (ft-lb) and Hardness (HRC) at five temperatures; 70°F (assumed to be room temperature, 400°F, 700°F, 1000°F and ...

Literature review

Kaasa, S. (2015). Is Cancer Pain Control Improved by a Simple WHO Pain Analgesic Ladder Approach Combined With Tumor-Directed Treatment?.Journal of Clinical Oncology, JCO647537.

Article summary

This article takes into consideration the role that the WHO analgesic ladder plays in addressing cancer pain in palliative care patients. The authors identify that cancer pain occurs in 90% of cancer patients but only half them are under proper pain management. To this effect, therefore, there is the need for applying opioids under the WHO ladder guidelines as a way of addressing cancer pain in oncology care patients.

This is a narrative qualitative research ...

Methodology

Extraneous Variables The focus of this study is to determine the efficacy as well as sustainability of school-based and home- based for children between the ages of six and eleven years and with a BMI ≥ 85th percentile in gender and age. In this case, the outcome measure is on the weight gain that will be measured as the BMI of the participant. Apparently, the idea is to have a situation where there is a comparison as to which of the two proposed interventions; school-based and home-based techniques that can help reduce the cases of obesity measured as BMI in ...

Introduction

Hypertension is among the most progressive and widespread health problems that contributes to significant negative outcomes including increased mortality as well as morbidity rates especially among the African-Americans. Typically, African-Americans usually develop the disease in their early stages of life, have higher blood pressure levels on average and experience various severe hypertension-related illnesses as compared to the other racial groups (Ferdinand, 2013). Although hypertension is untreatable, the illness can be effectively managed through the use of medications and establishing the relevant lifestyle changes. Nonetheless, management of hypertension is suboptimal among the African-Americans due to various factors such as poor ...

The following questions pertain to:

George, S., & Thomas, S. (2010). Lived experience of diabetes among older, rural people. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66(5), 1092-1100.

What is the purpose of this research?

What is the research question (or questions)? This may be implicit or explicit. The research question was not specified. A likely research question can be stated as “What are the lived experiences and views of insulin-dependent diabetic rural older adults on diabetes self-management? Did the authors describe the research design of this study? If so, give a description.

Describe the population (sample) for this study.

The sample was 10 female English-speaking, rural-based, insulin-dependent diabetic older adults between the ages of 65 and 85 years aged ...

NR451 RN Capstone Course

Term and Year Skin-to-Skin Contact for Neonates The separation of mother and neonate for non-urgent medical reasons is a growing trend in nursing practice. However, research has indicated that the practice can have a deleterious long term effect on the healthy infant and mother with regard to breast feeding, cardio-respiratory stability, and blood glucose levels (Moore, Anderson, Bergman, & Dowswell, (2014). The solution to the problem is to initiate skin-to-skin contact at birth (Moore, et al., 2014). The nursing focused plan is to introduce the practice of skin-to-skin contact following birth, which entails placing the naked infant prone on the ...

Functional Electrical Stimulation in Stroke Rehabilitation

Age-related changes in the spinal column produce a degenerative process known as spondylosis. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is associated with changes in spinal column resulting in direct compressive and ischemic dysfunction of the spinal cord. Some symptoms, such as motor and sensory abnormalities, have been related to this dysfunction.1 Genetic, environmental, and occupational factors influence in the development of this condition, affecting not only old people, but also a spectrum of different ages, being a big source of disability and affecting negatively quality of life. 2 Clinical findings in cervical spondylotic myelopathy can be subtle, such as reduction in ...

Article under critique:

Sánchez-Meca, J., Rosa-Alcázar, A. I., Iniesta-Sepúlveda, M., & Rosa-Alcázar, Á. (2014). Differential efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy and pharmacological treatments for pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder: A meta-analysis. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28(1), 31-44. The paper presents a meta-analysis on the efficacy of interventions for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children. OCD is a psychological disorder/condition that is associated with obsessions and compulsions which may lead to functional disorder in children. Pharmacological treatment and psychological treatment have been the main treatment aspects of OCD (Lack, 2012). The main issue the paper investigates is the treatment strategy that shows more ...

The healthcare sector in the U.S has significantly reviewed and modified its technical, policy and structural capabilities to help improve quality of outcomes and patient safety. There has been so much focus on the need to ensure that the healthcare system achieves the optimal value for money though eliminating the cases of illnesses, infections and injuries that have previously occurred within the settings. Despite these measures, the cases of hospital acquired Illnesses and infections have been rife. This has been associated with poor outcomes namely, high mortality rates, high morbidity rates and more glaringly the erosion of the public ...

Abstract

One of the most prevalent addictions in our society that has far-reaching social, economic and psychological ramifications is alcoholism. At least 16.3 million Americans who are above 18 years have Alcohol Use Disorder as at 2014. However, not everyone who consumes or excessively consumes alcohol ends up with alcohol use disorder. This study speculates that persons with alcohol addiction have an inherently addictive personality and goes ahead to propose a study to investigate it. Using a random sample, a two group-study will be implemented. Personality test will be used to collect information on addictive personality. A t-test for two-groups ...

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Corresponding Address and email)

Abstract Sexual aversion disorder is characterized by the presence of aversion and avoidance of making a genital contact with sexual partners. In the DSM-IV-TR, the characterization of the problem was extended by the inclusion of some of the features of phobias such as anxiety, fear, and disgust; thereby describing it as a phobia. However, the disorder was deleted during transition from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5, probably due to the presence of scarce studies on the topic. Sexual aversion disorder is commonly found in women as compared to men, and it is commonly found in women in the ...

What is the relationship between the predicted outcome and the claim being tested in scientific experiment? An experimented outcome can be compromised in two ways. What are they and how do they differ? The predicted outcome is a common aspect of science with a particular interest in scientific research studies. In science, questions about truth and the claims of certain phenomena are answered through empirical evidence. Nevertheless, there are instances where scientists make educated guesses on a particular test subject. A predicted outcome can be proved right based on measurable evidence in a hypothesis experiment. On the other hand, ...

This paper is divided into three different sections; 1) relevant subjects in 1990, discussed in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology in volume 59, issue 6, 2) methodology used within the article, “Chronic Parenting Stress: Moderating Versus Mediating Effects of Social Support, and 3) a comparison between two articles, the first being a professional article and the second being a newspaper article. Other outside sources will be included within the text to verify information used in the study. The Journal of Personality and Social Psychology covers many topics, but in 1990 there were several topical trends. One trend ...

The mortality and morbidity caused by nosocomial infections is not something to be proud of. However, it can be prevented by simple measures. There is no doubt that hand-washing can in fact reduce nosocomial infections. There are many studies that had shown that an increased rate of compliance in terms of hand washing means a decrease in nosocomial infections. Furthermore, it was also determined that the extent by which hand-washing can help is unquantifiable, but can be detected (Bryan, Cohran, & Larson, 1995). Moreover, the problem does not lie with the lack of evidence that hand-washing can reduce nosocomial infection ...

Quantitative study

Campbell, D. A., Lake, M. F., Falk, M., & Backstrand, J. R. (2006). A randomized control trial of continuous support in labor by a lay doula. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 35(4), 456-464.

Database from which the article was retrieved

Wiley Online Library Study Design The study utilized a randomized controlled design whereby the participants were randomized into either the control (no intervention) group or the experimental (doula group). As such, the design utilized was suitable and consistent with the study since it enabled the investigator to effectively compare the outcome measures of the two group and come up with significant inferences (Polit & Beck, 2013). ...

Abstract

One of the most prevalent addition in our society that has far reaching social, economic and psychological ramifications is alcoholism. At least 16.3 million Americans who are above 18 years have Alcohol Use Disorder as at 2014. However, not everyone who consumes or excessively consumes alcohol ends up with alcohol use disorder. This study speculates that persons with alcohol addiction have an inherently addictive personality and goes ahead to propose a study to investigate it. Using a random sample, a two group-study will be implemented. Personality test will be used to collect information on addictive personality. A t-test for ...

Abstract

The uses of radiation revolutionized medicine when experimentation on its potential applications begun. X-Ray technology, discovered by Wilhem Roentgen, is currently used as a common tool for diagnostics; Henri Becquerel, Marie Curie and Pierre Curie dedicated themselves to further investigations in the field, discovering additional radioactive materials (polonium and radium); radiation therapy is a popular treatment for cancer. This paper analyzes the historical background behind these two applications of radiation in the medical field. Moreover, the different types of radiotherapy are described (external-beam radiation therapy, internal radiation therapy). The concept of radiation homeostasis, which is the notion that low-dose ...

Independent Variable and Dependent Variable

The current study seeks to assess the efficacy of PECS in the treating non-verbal individuals who suffer from autism. Specifically, the study seeks to compare effectiveness of PECS in promoting functional communication compared to the conventional methods for persons with autism. It also seeks to assess the conditions under which PECS is effective. Lastly, it seeks to compare the success rate of conversational speech between those who start using PEC at an early age and those who adopt at a later stage in life. Therefore, the independent variables are the educational program adopted (PECS and conventional teaching program), environmental ...

In their article “Children in family foster care have greater health risks and less involvement in Child Health Services” Köhler, M., Emmelin, M., Hjern, A., and Rosvall M. examine the disadvantages that children face being in foster care. The major aim of their article is to examine the impact of children’s being in family foster care on their health. In order to do this the authors made a research with the help of which they were able to thoroughly examine the issue. They are rather persuasive as their research is supported by numerous evidences and statistics. All ...

Ventilator-associated pneumonia

Abstract The intensive care unit in most hospitals plays the role of providing care to patients dealing with life-threatening conditions. The technological and other set ups in these hospital units are vital in ensuring that these patients continue to receive the best regarding care while with the intentions of having them emerge with desirable outcomes. There are however challenges relating to the care that these patients receive since, in most cases, they are usually under mechanical ventilation. A patient under this condition faces the risk of developing ventilator-associated pneumonia if the ventilators are not handled with the required care. ...

ABSTRACT

This study compares the use of the use of Kinesio Taping® (KT) versus use of Sham Taping over the erector spine muscles on performance of the Biering Sorensen Test in normal, healthy young adults. Fatigue of muscle of the trunk extensor plays a very important role in chronic Low Back Pain (LBP). Physiology behind this fatigue is complex and has not been fully understood. Use of Kinesio Taping supports mobility of damaged structures and at the same time influences the mechanism at which muscle erector muscles perform in relation to fatigue. Sham Taping test consists of measuring total amount ...

Physical Therapy following Stroke

The purpose of this paper is to review a study by Kim, Kim, and Kim1 on the topic of physical therapy following cerebrovascular accident (stroke). The paper will summarize the study, comment on the relevance of the article to the field of physical therapy, and the importance of the study to other stakeholders. Finally, the paper will add recommendations for future research based on the results of the study. 1. Summary of the study The aim of the study was to determine if there was a relationship between stroke survivors’ quality of life and their ability to accomplish daily ...

Abstract

One common element surrounding mass shootings undertaken by people suffering from mental illness have been widely featured in the news media. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect that these types of reports have on support for gun control policies in the general public. Given the widespread influence that the mass media has on a wide variety of public policy topics, there is adequate reason to formulate this hypothesis. The researchers will perform a survey after reading a news story about a mass shooting carried out by a person who suffers from a serious mental illness. ...

The Translation Science Project

The current translation project focuses on colorectal cancer. The translation science project is a contribution to the efforts towards the improvement of the compliance with the screening protocol of colorectal cancer for Latin America patients aged between 50 and 70 years in a community health setting in Miami-Dade. The proposed project’s objective will help to determine how health care staff utilizes evidence-based practices (EBP) CRC screening protocol to improve compliance among Latin population aged 50 to 70 years old. In this project, the population of interest will consist of Latin American patients aged between 50 to 70 years ...

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Literature review3

Goals and objectives for the group6 Type of group6 Evaluating success.7 Activities.8 Conclusion10 Introduction Grief is the emotional process an individual goes throughout after the loss of a loved one. Mothers go through an unbearable amount of emotions after losing a child. Considered to be one of the most traumatic experiences an individual can endure, losing a child can have a detrimental impact on a mother. These individuals generally do not consider treatment during the midst of their grief. Most individuals believe their grief is normal under their circumstances. However, the longer the grief lasts the more ...

Psychology

Shot-term memory has been the subject of several studies on cognitive functioning of the brain. Several approach and theoretical frameworks were employed in the process in order to determine the implications of different factors to STM. In this discussion, the context of STM was examined by reviewing relevant literatures encompassing the varying approach to STM study. STM problems were associated to childhood ADHD, while the other research focuses on the association of visual recall and order recall. These studies involves identifying the relationship between cognitive functioning and STM, which are critical areas in understanding human brain functioning and in ...

Methodology

Extraneous variables and how they will be controlled Extraneous are variables that are not of interest to the research or an experiment and have an effect of adding an error to the final research outcomes and findings (Burns & Grove, 2010). In this regard, it is imperative to control the effect of these variables in order to reduce the magnitude of their effect (Burns & Grove, 2010). Among the extraneous variables apparent to this study include; age, adverse effects due to medication as well as treatment duration. The purpose of this research is essentially to test the effectiveness of patient education ...

A correlational study is meant to determine whether two variables are linked. During a correlational study, an increase or decrease of a variable is examined to determine whether it increases or decreases the other variable (Kalla, 2011). To examine the relationship between academic performance and the levels of loudness of music using correlation, would require the selection of a group of students, say from the tenth grade. These students would be split into four groups and placed in a controlled environment where the first group would listen to no music, the second group would listen to low music, the ...

Abstract

Eating habits at the fast food joints by the university students was assessed, and conclusions were made on the same.  The aim of carrying out this research is to determine and learn the changes related to eating behavior of students in tertiary education colleges. The motivation statement under abstract is to determine how college students are affected directly or indirectly by their eating habits. To determine the result, students in different departments were interviewed and asked to fill in open or close- ended questionnaires. After conducting the study, various findings were reached. Through the student’s poor eating habits, ...

Introduction

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops because of exposure to a traumatic experience. According to the Institute of Medicine (2012), the vital element of PTSD is the development of the characteristic symptoms that follow exposure to extreme traumatic stressors, including personal experiences. For an event to cause PTSD, it has should have had an actual or implied dire injury or near death experience to the victim. Such events could also threaten one’s physical and psychological integrity. The most common traumatic events happen during military combat, hostage situations, violent assault, torture, terrorist attacks, and disasters. While PSTD is most common ...

A 1,000 – 1,500 word limit exists

i) What is the research question? In the treatment of patients with Kawasaki disease (KD), is the addition of corticosteroid therapy to standard therapy recommended over standard therapy alone? KD, an acute autoimmune disease that most commonly affects children and infants, results in the inflammation of the medium-sized blood vessels throughout the body. In rare and extreme cases, KD can affect the heart by causing coronary artery aneurysms and other abnormalities. Conventional primary treatment of KD involves the administration of intravenous immune globulin (2 g/kg) and aspirin (80-100 mg/kg) each day until fever subsides. Newburger et al. (2007) have ...

AFFILIATE INSTITUTION

Abstract Sex education has been a controversial issue in the country. With some groups proposing while others opposing the education citing that, it creates issues when it comes to students of a young age when it comes to how they make decisions regarding sex. This study hypothesized that exposure of preadolescent students to sex education would in turn cause them to have an increased desire and eventually engage more in sexual behavior by the time they are in mid or late adolescence. A comprehensive quantitative analysis was carried out on 200 students in total. 100 of which belonged to ...

The gun control debate has been raging in the open parlance for quite sometimes, at least everybody in America feels the need to be safe, and the only controversy is how to be safe; by allowing more guns to civilians or by withdrawing or limiting the number of guns held by civilians? The Second Amendment to the American Constitution, which came into force in 15th December 1791, has provisions protecting civilians’ rights of keeping and bearing firearms (Klukowski 195). However, debates on gun controls have majorly questioned the role of the government in ensuring that it provides security services ...

Hypothetical study to Paternal Postpartum depression

Introduction Alden, Lowdermilk, Cashion and Perry (2014) define Paternal Postpartum Depression as a medical problem afflicting families i.e. fathers and mothers after childbirth. It is a clinical depression condition affecting both males and females. According to Demontigny, Girard, Lacharite, Dubeau & Devault (2013)the health condition have signs such as sadness, sleeping patterns change, reduced libido as well as frequent irritability. The postpartum depression have a couple of risk factors contributing to the condition for example sudden hormonal change (Demontigny et al., 2013). The condition brings about emotional effects such as parenthood anxiety, identity crisis as well as loss of ...

Article Summary

Abstract Humor is considered as the effective means of enhancing the wellbeing of the individuals by means of developing the positive inclinations in the individuals and become socially active. Humor is categorized in two categories, adaptive and maladaptive humor, hence, their effects are considered to alter the wellbeing of the individuals. The humor exercises are found to be effective in enhancing the mental health of the individuals. The current study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of humor, gratitude and savoring exercises on the wellbeing of the individuals. The participants of the study in a control group incorporated the ...

Method Description

A quasi-experimental research design will be employed. The nature of the treatment variable (gender) cannot be manipulated by the researcher. However, from the nature of the study, we can deduce a naturally occurring control group (adult-sibling pairs with different gender) and a treatment group (adult-sibling pairs with the same gender). Therefore, a non-equivalent posttest cross-sectional design will be used. A survey method will be implemented by the use of a questionnaire. Data will be collected using a questionnaire because it is time-saving as the data collection will go on concurrently. It is also cheaper than conducting interviews both in ...

Quasi-experiments are research designs that attempt to mimic an experimental design. However, the researcher cannot control the assignment of study participants to groups: a key feature for true experiments (Wadsworth, n.d.). This paper explores quasi-experiments as a research design.

Part 1

Advantages of Quasi-experiments Firstly, quasi-experiments, as the name suggests, are not true experiments. They contain elements of both a true experimental and correlational research (Jackson, 2012). Therefore, they allow the researcher to obtain stronger conclusion compared to when they conduct a pure correlational research. Secondly, quasi-experiments are useful in circumstances when conducting a true experiment is either infeasible or very ...

The experimental research has two major characteristics. First, it attempts to influence a certain variable; specifically, it manipulates the independent variable. Second, an experimental research tests hypotheses about cause-and-effect relationships. At the same time, experimental research has three types of designs, these are (1) Two Group Posttest-Only Design; (2) Two-Group Pretest-Treatment-Posttest Design; and (3) Matched Control Group Design. The two-group posttest-only design. It consists of two groups, a control, and an experimental group. Randomly, the participants are assigned to either the control or experimental group while the treatment (the independent variable) is only given to the treatment group. Thus, ...

Psychology

In a study published in the Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, researchers worked on the importance of the prior knowledge before facing the present situations or conditions (Bransford, and Marcia K Johnson 717). Research shows that subjects usually develop semantic thoughts joining the present information and prior knowledge. Therefore, researchers studied the role of prior knowledge and its importance in comprehending the present information. They were trying to show that prior knowledge is not only involved in comprehension but is also necessary for the meaningful information. They also studied the effect of prior knowledge on subjects by ...

Participants:

This study requires 30 participants aged between ten and twelve years. The main inclusion criterion for the study is that all the selected participants require a positive diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Random sampling will find use in selecting the participants to be included into the study. Once selected, the participants will be divided into two main groups each with fifteen participants. These are the control and treatment group. Random assignment will find use in dividing the participants into the two groups. The control group will serve as the baseline for the study, while the treatment group will provide ...

In the recent years, the incidence of pregnancies at adolescents has been on the rise at alarming rates in the United States. Teenage pregnancies have caused adverse effects to the young mothers, the infants born to the young mother’s ant the whole society (Kappeler & Shaw, 2015, p. 196). It is estimated that out of 1000 adolescent girls, 96 of them who are aged between fifteen to nineteen years become pregnant every year. About 85% of these teen pregnancies are unplanned, and approximately 40% of them end up procuring abortion as because they do not have the support and ...

Literature Review

Huang et al. uses an interview process in order to find out the specific language skills are the most problematic for ESL students (Huang, Cunningham, & Finn, 2010). By interviewing three different classroom teachers, it is suggested that ESL students have challenges in English speaking, reading, academic listening, and writing skills. “Specifically, understanding classroom tasks, giving oral presentations in content classes, and being able to communicate a problem” (68) are considered the most challenging aspects for ESL students. This study suggests that teachers can help ESL students improve their academic English skills in the school setting. In order to properly ...

Literature Review

Huang et al. (2010) uses an interview process in order to find out the specific language skills are the most problematic for ESL students. By interviewing three different classroom teachers, it is suggested that ESL students have challenges in English speaking, reading, academic listening, and writing skills. “Specifically, understanding classroom tasks, giving oral presentations in content classes, and being able to communicate a problem” (68) are considered the most challenging aspects for ESL students. This study suggests that teachers can help ESL students improve their academic English skills in the school setting. In order to properly assist ESL students, ...

Moving to Opportunity (MTO) experiment aimed at revealing if moving households to the areas with lower poverty rates will affect the future of children (Chetty, Hendren, and Katz 855). In order to generate the results, the researchers set a longitudinal experiment that involved 4,604 low-income families from several U.S. cities including Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York. The criteria for inclusion into the experiment were low income, availability of children, and residing in the public housing. The families were moved from 1994 to 1998 while a follow-up was conducted in 2012. The families were divided into ...

The study was conducted to determine the efficacy of the ABC (Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up) and it role in establishing secure attachment and attachment organization in children who are likely to, or have suffered maltreatment and neglect from their primary caregivers, typically their parents. The results of the intervention’s efficacy are crucial to design a program that will benefit both the parents who have a difficult time exuding sensitivity towards their children and especially those with a history of maltreatment as reported to the relevant authorities such as the Children’s Welfare Agency. The programs could be merely ...

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that is related to serious traumatic events and is characterized by such symptoms as survivor guilt, reliving the trauma in dreams, numbness, and absence of involvement with reality, or recurrent thoughts and images. Research shows that reliable and modest gender differences exist in the growth of PTSD (Vishnevsky 110). Researchers also found that the risk of PTSD could vary in women because of type of trauma and prior history of trauma. However, the risk for PTSD in men is not much affected by the type of trauma and history of trauma. ...