Essays on Cravings

It’s a bright and warm Sunday morning, and as I jog along the park's walking trail, my mind is busy with thoughts of mouth-watering sizzling steak on the grill. They say that, “Exercise helps reduce food cravings,” but that doesn’t work for me. The more I exercise, the more it triggers my appetite and the sheer thought of marvelous succulent, savory steak fueled my cravings. Sundays always give me the blues as it brings back memories of my dear Grandma who cooks the best Salisbury steak that were so good- to- the- last- bite. I grew up ...

Instituition

Statement: Cocaine and amphetamines are highly dangerous,addictive drugs and available in various forms. There are very few treatment options for addicts and none of them is completely effective. Cocaine is one of the most dangerous drugs known to man. When consumed through various ways it damages cardiovascular system. With increased usage the heart tissue is thickened and prevents the flow of blood to the heart muscle. Amphetamine is a strong artificial stimulant drug. Due to its effect the person is stimulated to higher wakefulness and energy. The drug bypasses the body’s normal pathways for creation of energy. ...

Overeating is often defined as a disorder characterized by food addiction and using food in order to cope with stress and reach comfortable state. "Thirty-three percent of adults who report overeating or eating unhealthy foods because of stress say they do so because it helps distract them from stress" (APA). After eating too much food these people often feel guilty and confused that can lead to more serious consequences. For example, to get rid of these feelings overeaters may turn to drugs which make them eat too much again. Overeating affects a huge number of people, according to the ...

Abstract

'Gothic' term represents medieval art that carries a strange history. The style of art developed in Northern France and spread to the rest of Western Europe. Late Gothic art expanded well into the 16th century before getting consumed by the Renaissance art. Gothic period carries splendid examples of sculptures, stained glass, fresco, panel painting, ivories and illuminated manuscripts. The essay offers a perspective on the popularity of Gothic ivories and how they encouraged the devotional practice. The ivory diptychs were used as sophisticated tools and were seen as physical vestiges of the divine. Gothic ivories were the visual cues ...

Introduction

As we look at the significance of the Mhabodhi Temple as a sacred site in India, we must consider the impact of the Buddhist faith on this land. To begin, let me give a definition of each of the four noble truths, as given to us by Buddha, and provide a short explanation of each. The First Noble Truth is Dukkha (Suffering). Simply put, life on earth is ripe with suffering. It is all around us and cannot be avoided. Throughout life, there will sickness, poverty, disease, issues with growing old, and eventually death. Buddha also teaches that we ...

INTRODUCTION

My name is John, and I am an alcoholic. This is the declaration made by members of Alcoholics Anonymous. Alcoholics Anonymous also claims to be the only effective means of recovering from alcoholism. Declaring to be the only effective source for recovery from alcoholism is like claiming there is only one drug to treat an illness. Alcoholics Anonymous is not an effective form of treatment for all person’s dependent upon alcohol. Studies, statistics, modern science, and rational thought have proven that Alcoholics is not effective.

ABOUT ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS

Alcoholics Anonymous was created Ohio in 1935 by two alcoholic men. Bill W. ...

A majority of people know that smoking has adverse effects on the health of individuals. Government data on health and research has shown that many of the smokers are at high risks of developing lung and throat cancer among other ailments. As a result, tobacco companies have come up with light and ultra-light cigarettes perceived to have lesser impacts on the health of the users. However, there are conflicting data on the efficiency of the light cigarettes. The arising question is who should take responsibility for the adverse impacts of light and ultra-light cigarettes, among the government, producers, and ...

Brief summary

Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is considered to be a health problem because of the millions of people who are using it worldwide. The article states that excessive cocaine use will cause changes in the prefrontal Cortes (PFC) (Terraneo, p.37). The reason for this is because PFC plays a significant role in the addictive cycle such as the inhibitory control, reinforcement learning as well as cravings. Many types of research that have been conducted show that the loss of inhibitory control is brought on by drug behaviors. The article looks at the animal studies that have been carried out in ...

The primary diagnoses in Jon’s case are substance-related and addictive disorders, but he should also be assessed for impulse-control disorders. Although Jon reported experimenting with hallucinogens, he does not use them frequently and did not report using them within the past 12 months, so the most appropriate diagnoses based on the information provided are severe alcohol use disorder (303.90 [F10.20]) and mild cannabis use disorder (305.10 [F12.10]). Substance use is often a consequence of another root disorder, so additional diagnoses have to be explored (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The most appropriate diagnosis based on Jon’s background information would ...

I think, Siddhartha Gautama’s quest to find enlightenment is not a question of noble action or sacred call, but, it is the understanding of one’s convictions. Siddhartha Gautama left everything he had for the sake of humanity and for the betterment of humanity. The great one left his family in good hands and with great wealth. Leaving one’s family might be considered bad in today’s culture, but, the great one sacrificed his family and his preaching lead to the happiness of many families for thousands of years.

The Four Noble Truths

The Four Noble Truths were the immediate teachings given ...

Psychology

The retina is one of most important part of the eye and among the most affected part as the person ages. It is apparent that every measure of visual functionality declines as the age increases (Salvi, Akhbar and Currie 2006). Given the increase in socioeconomic relevance of rapid assimilation information particularly the visually communicated information, visual impairment constitutes severe problem to the person in functioning productively in its environment. By definition, the eye retina is the sensitive layer located at the back of the eye, which covers about 65% of the eye’s interior surface (hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu, N.D.).

It is ...

Buddhism has been widely preached and practiced in most parts of the world, commonly present at countries of Far-East Asia. Currently, it has been listed as fourth largest religion of the world, with about 376 million followers. The history of religion has its roots to 500BC, when Siddhartha Gautama was born to a king in Northern India and then awarded with enlightenment (Robinson 2011). The four noble teachings are amongst the initial discourses of Buddha, upon which he based his further teachings as well. He said that “I teach suffering, its origin, cessation and path. That's all I ...

Introduction

Do you need to get fitter quickly for your vacation? Do you need help to move two or three unshakable pounds? Do you always think that it is hard to begin on an eating regimen? If these relate to you then you would probably go to your neighborhood health store or surf the web where you'll find an endless number of thinning pills that guarantee a definitive quick fix. From fat-blockers and digestion system promoters to pills that prevent appetite and beat food cravings, there's something for everybody. As a general rule, the guarantee is that you can get the greatest ...

Vignette #1 - Sheila

Sheila is in the “Maintenance” state of change in this particular vignette. Why? (be specific) Sheila has already gone through the ‘departure’ of rehabilitation and moving towards maintenance, but is having trouble dealing with her particular cravings and urges (Reiman, lecture 8, 2015). Sheila is currently straying from her plan to change her behavior, and is beginning to consider entering the world of substance abuse out of necessity. Sheila admits that she has drug cravings still, but is unsure about what to do about them. This is a classic indicator of her maintenance status, as she is fully ...

Introduction

For every meal, snacks, parties, gatherings with friends or co-workers, or even just sitting back watching television, there is always that incessant presence of a can or a glass of one’s favorite carbonated drink. For most people, especially for adolescence, these sugary carbonated drinks liven up the quality of the food or even the company, or provide that quenching ‘kick’ for the thirsty, something that water sometimes cannot do. Unfortunately a liter of soda can contain 700 calories (US Department of Agriculture 2012), and frequent intake could pose serious health problems such as obesity or diabetes. Studies show that a daily intake ...

Part 1: Stress and Weight Gain

The hormones implicated in the weight gain response that some individuals experience when stressed are adrenaline, CRH or corticotropin-releasing hormone, and cortisol. This response is an evolutionary adaptation to cope with high energy expenditure of human’s hunter-gatherer ancestor, but it modern day, this response is due to psychological stressors from chronic worry and anxiety from daily life. The problem with this adaptation in modern humans is that the hormones do not have the same effect it once did, which was to provide energy for a hunt and subsequently replenish the body. However, the modern human neither expels a lot of ...

Institutional Affiliation: Grand Valley State University

Introduction: My literature review is on the concept of psychology of making and breaking habits and using incentives to get people to change their habits or start new ones. There has been a lot of study and research in the last decade over this topic. Charles Duhigg wrote one of the most revolutionizing books on this topic. The Power of Habit provided a psychological perspective on habits. The Power of Habit is one of the most powerful books ever written on habit formation and reformation. Several studies have also been undertaken to understand the effects of incentives on habit formation. ...

In the history of human civilization, stories always had educative role. In the literary works of fiction, authors use diverse images and symbols in order to trigger a particular reflection from the audience. On the other hand, some authors use traditional images in new contexts in order to stimulate a different reaction and challenge the audiences’ perception of traditional images. In other words, authors often argue that the same images can have different meaning and perception in different cultures and different times. The best example of this is a perception of monsters in different times. The aim of this paper is to ...

Introduction

In the Buddhist philosophy, there are a number of philosophical topics that can be found. A good example of the philosophical topic is nirvana. Nirvana is a very important term for the Hinduism religion. This is because the term has been used to describe one of the most important and fundamental goals that should be the defined path of Hinduism. Nirvana is stated to be the process in which the people are able to diffuse the needs or cravings, ignorance and aversions (Gethin). According to the teachings of Hinduism, when the fires that people get within themselves are distinguished then it ...

“A generation ago, three-quarters of the money used to buy food in the United States was spent to prepare meals at home. Today about half of the money used to buy food is spent at restaurants--mainly at fast food restaurants.” says Eric Schlosser in his book, Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal. It is commonly recognized that junk food has become an indispensable part of our modern lifestyle, and the consumption of fast food is rapidly increasing every year. Fast food has clearly replaced snacks and in some cases even meals in the traditional diet. ...

Buddhism Concepts in Khyentse Norbu’s “Travelers and Magicians” (2003) Written by Khyentse Norbu, “Travelers and Magicians” finds its basis in the lives of two main characters, each seeking a form of completion in their lives. First, there is Dondup, who wants to go to America in an attempt to acquire more money than what his job as a government officer pays. Then there is Tashi, who wants women in his life rather than the studies his father forces him to endure. For Dondup to get to America, he has first to go to the Thimphu after which viewers are ...

Causes and Effects of Eating Late At Night

Whenever doctors specify a diet schedule, they always pay considerable attention to the timing of each meal. This is because the timing of meals determines the health of an individual. Keeping this in view, eating late at night is one of the habits that are strongly discouraged by all doctors. This is because it has proved to cause several health problems. The causes of late-night eating and its consequences are highlighted below. Firstly, some of the general reasons for eating late at night include the fact that people, usually after departing late from workplace, tend to complete other tasks ...

Tal Al Amar, Inc., an Atlanta based company, will operate Marhaban, a medium-size restaurant serving healthy, contemporary Arabian-American style food. The restaurant will be located downtown Atlanta at 1841 Peachtree Street, Atlanta, Georgia. Tal Al Amar, Inc. was incorporated in June of 2014 and elected sub-chapter S for IRS tax purposes ("S Corporations"). A satisfactory site for the Marhaban restaurant was scouted in May of 2014 and lease negotiations have been finalized. The restaurant will be on Peachtree Street, in the heart of Atlanta’s downtown district, which is close proximity to Georgia State University and in walking distance to ...

Plato believed that violence, suicide and death penalty is not justifiable at all. However he does not believe in following someone else’s thoughts and he believes on philosophical awareness by either forcefully or ideologically. Highlighting the importance of philosophical awareness the text suggests that the philosophical experts are the main ones who know the worth and prevalence of hypothetical life. The rest will just like their endeavors once they are fruitful. This is an exertion from Plato to legitimize the utilization of energy. Standard individuals won't strive independently or voluntarily towards a hypothetical life on the grounds that they ...

Management

Distributive justice refers to a type of justice that advocates for equal distribution of resources in the society. Distributive justice stands for the rights of the weak and does not seek to gratify the selfish needs of the rich few. Procedural justice on the hand seeks to strike a balance if an anomaly had been noted. Procedural justice fights to ensure fairness. Similar to me effect refers to an aspect whereby an interviewer would allocate favorable questions to the respondent since they have the same background or attitudes. This effect creates a biased playing field to the advantage of the interviewee. ...

Smoking is one of the most disgusting habits all over the world. Undoubtedly, it leads to dangerous health diseases and risks such as high blood pressure and lung cancer. Today, everyone knows that cigarettes can kill, however people start and continue to smoke. Often people begin smoking as teens. It is a way to protest against parents or to be like their friends. In addition, the influence of advertisement cannot be underestimated. Adults smoke to cope with stress and feel relaxed. The danger lies in the fact that the negative consequences from smoking affect non-smokers. For decades, governments have been ...

Medifast Weight loss program

Naturally, every person regardless of who you are always wants to look and feel good, this is the essence of weight management. It focuses on what a person ingests or what they do to get rid of unwanted weight from their bodies. Exercise is the most recommended method for weight loss programs since it is the most natural way of losing weight. A person does not have to starve their body through this process as it helps in slowing down metabolism and creates a calorie deficit. However, working out may be not the only way to lose weight, one should also ...

Vertical Diagram for the book Ephesians Chapter 2

1 As for you, you were dead in your transgressions and sins,

2 in which you used to live when you followed the ways of this world

and of the ruler of the kingdom of the air, the spirit who is now at work in those who are disobedient.

3 All of us also lived among them at one time,

gratifying the cravings of our sinful nature and following its desires and thoughts. Like the rest, we were by nature objects of wrath.

4 But because of his great love for us,

God, who is rich in mercy, 5 made us alive with Christ even when we were dead in transgressions- it is by grace you have been saved.

6 And God raised us up with Christ

and seated us with him in the heavenly realms

in Christ Jesus,

...

Introduction 3

Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy 3 Summary of Model 4 Strengths and Weaknesses of Treatment 6 Medication Treatment Approaches 7 Medication Assessment Treatment 8 Strengths and Weaknesses of Treatment 11 Therapeutic Modality use with a patient with a Substance Disorder 11 Ethical, legal, Individual and Socio-Cultural Implications 12 Conclusion 12

References: 13

Addiction Treatments Introduction In the past, there were times when the society actually looked at drug addiction as some kind of a flaw that was moral. Research shows that popular "treatments" did things much different than they did today. For instance, it involved ...

Abstract

Operant conditioning refers to the process of behavior learning in which an individual receives external stimuli that can affect learning outcomes. The term was first used by Skinner, even though Watson and Thorndike already understood the procedures of operant conditioning, with the exception of continuous stimuli that were first applied by Skinner. The five procedures that explain the types of stimuli that can affect human behavior include positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, negative punishment, and extinction. In practice, operant conditioning is used to teach behavior to children, modify behavior in psychotherapy patients, and eliminate old or introduce new ...

Introduction

A drug can be defined in a myriad of ways depending on the context. From a chemistry perspective, a drug is defined as a chemical substance, with medicinal, intoxicating or performance enhancing effects on the body of an animal or a human being when ingested, injected or applied tropically. From this perspective, food substances are not classified as drugs. However, the perspective acknowledges that certain active ingredients found in food items can be purified and used as drugs. The debate on whether sugar should be considered can be argued on very many levels, borrowing knowledge from different subjects and perspectives. As the paper will ...

Introduction

Sigmund Freud emphasizes the importance of the psychoanalytic value of dreams tremendously. He is of the opinion that dreams give a useful insight into the unconscious mind of a dreamer. His fascination with dreams shows in his keeping a diary during his childhood and he has used many of the ideas and dreams written on the pages of his diary while composing his most famous publication 'The Interpretation of Dreams'. Freud believes that dreams are an attempt to fulfill wishes by the id, especially those wishes which remain unfulfilled in the waking life due to various reasons. Because the longings and desires ...

Five Reasons for & Five Reasons against Becoming an Expatriate

____________(Name)_______________ ___________(Institution)_____________

Main Reasons Why Expatriates Fail

Aside from spouse and family issues, expatriates’ main causes of failures could be attributed to his/her own challenges personally and professionally. Adapting to the host country’s culture could be a very daunting task due to difficulties in adjusting to existing and totally different and opposing views. Hence, failure to adapt the culture could cause distress leading to poor job performance. Next, the emotional shocks brought about by a sudden change in the level of maturity required to perform the new job would contribute to poor performance as well. Other major reasons to consider ...

Explain how IQ is computed. List and describe the theories of intelligence. IQ aka intelligence quotient is a score of a multitude of standardized tests done to evaluate intelligence. Back in 1905, a French psychologist named Alfred Binet established the IQ test. The IQ score reflects our analytical and cognitive skills. In IQ calculation, through a group of standardized tests our mental age is determined and then it is divided by our physical age and finally the result is multiplied by 100. For instance, if Tom's physical age is 24 and his IQ test result shows that his mental age is 28, ...

Introduction

Regarded as the founding father of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist by profession. Psychoanalysis is a clinical method developed by Freud in order to treat patients with psychopathology through an exchange of dialogue between psychoanalyst and a patient. In his creation of psychoanalysis, Freud came up with the concepts of id, ego, superego and defense mechanisms in order to resolve the conflicts between the trios. His psychoanalytic views on feminism and gender have sparked controversy in his own life time and still are a topic of debate and discussion. This paper would discuss in detail about Freudian psychoanalysis, his psychoanalytic ...

Introduction

Smoking causes around 40000 premature deaths yearly in USA and 4.9 million deaths per year world or 8.8 percent of all global deaths (burns 2013). 4000 teens try to smoke for the first time each day. 1000 teen become daily smokers. Smoking is equivalent to poisoning. Tobacco is a deadly mix of more than 7000 chemicals (burns 2013). Death due to smoking is highly preventable. The causes and impacts of smoking are known and avoidable. Smoking is not illegal in most countries around the world. However, its effects are even worse than some illegal substances. Given these alarming statistics, researches ...

In medical terminology, the term “addiction” is used to refer to the state in which the body becomes physiologically dependent on a substance and the mind becomes psychologically dependent on a substance, such drug substances. Removal of these drug substances usually causes withdrawal symptoms in people who are dependent on them. Addiction on drug substances can be both physiological and psychological, and despite the distinction between these two forms of addiction, they tend to overlap. Physiological dependence on a drug substance refers to the state in which someone becomes so dependent on the substance that characteristic withdrawal symptoms begin to appear ...

Quit Smoking

Many smokers find it hard to quit smoking because many parts of the brain function in a way that reinforces smoking (Noonan, 2011). In particular, nicotine, which is the cigarette’s main active component, “acts on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain” (Noonan, 2011) where the absence of nicotine would cause increased appetite, lack of attention, difficulty in sleeping, irritability, and a craving for cigarettes.

These nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are present in the neurons that are responsible for releasing the neurotransmitter dopamine from the VTA (ventral tegnantal area) into the NAc (nucleus accunbens) where the pathway that the dopamine passes through ...

Democracy is a type of governance that originated in ancient Athens in the sixth century. This word has a number of definitions one of them being a government in which all of the people in that society enjoy an equal amount of power politically. This government in modern society is exercised through the right citizens have to vote for their leader of choice. This, however, does not necessarily mean that there was no form of democracy anywhere else in the world apart from ancient Greece. In fact, research has proven that there existed democratic governance in one form or the other in ...

The Basic Expression of the Teaching of Buddhism

THE FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS

As we all know, everyone has his/her beliefs, faith, and philosophy in life. And such diversity implies that these beliefs and religions differ from each other. Each has its own history and founder. Christianity has Jesus Christ [of Nazareth] and his apostles; Buddhism has Buddha; Confucianism has Confucius; and this goes on in other religions and philosophies as well. Needless to say, these religions also vary a lot (if not all) from each other in regards to their teachings – that which is known as the philosophical and doctrinal foundations. This particular paper will be discussing the ...

QUESTION ONE

Their scientific name is Allium Cepa.They belong to the lily family of plants and are consumed all over the world. Onions are believed to have originated in several areas; these include the Mediterranean, Central Asia, Iran and Pakistan. It is necessary to note that onions exist in many varieties that grew in different parts of the world depending on the climates of the places.

There are many varieties of onions such as red, yellow, green, red and white onions which are in different shapes and sizes. The recent development of more varieties of onions is believed to have started ...

Part 1 Height, Weight and BMI

I am an adult aged 29 years. My body weight 145 pounds and a height of 5’10 feet. My Body Mass Index is 20.8, which fall within the normal range for adults with my height. For my height, a healthy body weight should be between 129 to 174 pounds. A BMI below 18.5 indicates that an individual is underweight (Ferrera, 2006). This usually happens when one burns off more calories than they are consuming. A normal BMI should range between 18.5 and 24.9. These persons have a balance between the calories they take and ...

Introduction

Alcoholism has been a persistent problem affecting the American family, with approximations of up to 18 million Americans going through alcohol related problems (O’Farrell, et al, 2003). There are many cost effects accompanying the alcoholism problem, both physical, emotional and economic. The vastness of the costs of alcoholism cannot be over emphasized, as they affect not only the alcoholic but close family members, friends, colleagues and even the state. Statistics indicate that about 1 million adult Americans seek treatment for alcohol-related problems each year (O’Farrell, & Rotunda, 1997),

Specific aims

The most popular and widely used treatment method for alcohol ...

Abstract

Depression refers to a mental condition that is characterized by several symptoms that include but are not limited to: lethargy, isolation, prolonged periods of sadness, sudden emotional outburst such as crying for no particular reason, bouts of rage, self destructive tendencies such as cutting or biting, anxiety, paranoia, loss of appetite or unusual increase in appetite characterized by binge eating, insomnia and hostility. Recent estimates indicate that 1 out of every 10 individuals in the United States in termed as clinically depressed. The study also found that those likely to e depressed are: persons without any source of income, those ...