Essays on Crimes

1. TOC (traditional organization crime) refers to crimes that are coordinated and organized across national borders. Also, it incorporates individuals who plan to execute illegal activities in various countries. TOC groups include the Russian Mafia, Triads, Yakuza, Fuk Ching, Red Wa, as well as La Cosa Nostra. It is important for the governments to focus on TOC groups. TOC groups are believed to carry out transnational crimes and illegal action. The groups is a threat to national and international security. The governments have to deal with the TOC groups and ensure their global networks are destroyed (Forest, 2007). Also, ...

The environment is one of the crucial components that enhances sustainable development. It is worth noting that environmental crimes are viewed to be less important compared to traditional crimes. Law enforcement agencies tend to ignore environmental crimes in society. Environmental crimes are threats to food security, economic development, health, and sustainability. Environmental crimes include unregulated fishing, illicit trade of hazardous waste, smuggling of ODS (ozone-depleting substances), illegal logging, wild animal traffic, electronic waste management, as wee as dumping in rivers. Analytically, environmental crimes are sensitive and dangerous to the living things. Militant groups and criminal gangs profit from some ...

What does the court mean when it says "Stare decisis is not an inexorable command; rather it is a principle of policy and not a mechanical formula of adherence to the latest decision"? Stare decisis is a Latin word that means to stand by what has already been decided. Therefore, in criminal law it is defined as the adherence of the current court system with the principles that has already been established by previous court decisions or rulings. In other words, it can be stated to be a principle of policy. Hence, it promotes reliance on the judicial ...

Issue: Criminal Accountability of UN Officials on mission

Position: Head Chair/Co-Chair Introduction The criminal accountability of the UN Officials on mission is one of the legal issues, which has been debated through the Legal Committee for numerous years. The legal gaps make it difficult for the UN to hold personnel accountable for crimes committed in the missions under its jurisdiction. The UN personnel are being currently accountable only to their countries and their legislation or being protected by the international legal statute of immunity. The lack of accountability makes the whole organization less credible and reliable. With two different groups of UN personnel the troop contributing countries ...

Background

Today, the financial industry is more regulated than any other time in the history of economic globalization. However, the lack of fundamental professional behavior, ethics, and compliance raises the important question whether the current financial sector in Australia is destined for an endemic future. The persistent fraud cases in the Australian financial industry paints an impression that behaviors are yet to change even after experiencing the global financial predicament that emanated from the US. The recent ANZ suspected interbank interest rate rigging, CBA’s CommInsure denial of compensation to legitimate claims from terminally ill patients, and the Macquarie Group ...

Teen drug addiction is a major problem present in the society, and delinquent youth often end up relapsing into their addiction after they have been undergoing treatment and have stayed in a correctional facility. It is true to the extent that many youths who have been admitted to juvenile correctional facilities have faced educational, financial and family issues which have made them delinquent and residing to drugs. Amongst those in the facility and under judicial orders were those, who were regular drug abusers and were found guilty on multiple occasions. Relapsing into a former condition will have various factors ...

International Criminal Law

Question 1 A. There are several modes of the liability that are used for the determination of the liability of the person prosecuted for the international crime. Given the merits of the case in question, the prime minister of Sanchista should be liable for the order issued in reference to the Nisum Campaign. The provisions of the ICTY are designed in the manner so that to address all criminal offences that are committed by the state bodies and relevant executives in the prosecution of particular persons. The article 6 of the ICTY defines that committing of the criminal actions ...

PMS- as a defense

According to the various cases described where women turned excessively violent and killed people in a rage, their ascribed behavior has been linked with PMS as a trigger which led to these incidents. PMS is experienced by women before and during menstruation due to the hormonal changes in this time period. It can lead to depression, anxiety and when situations seem unbearable, women are believed to turn excessively aggressive and violent. In my opinion, PMS is not enough to be credited as a major or ultimate reason of why women can become aggressive, violent and murderous at a distressing ...

In the recent days young people have been engaging in criminal activities such rape, robbery, stubbing, drug taking among other crimes. This has raised the need to carry a research and come up with solutions to address this challenge. This research survey intend to bring out main reason why young people engage in crime, areas where this crime happen and ways of preventing young people from joining criminal activities and groups. The survey also seeks to know if some respondents have been victims of this crime committed by young people.

10-15 Variables

The questionnaire is aimed at researching on the young ...

Assignment #4: Parties and Elections

The paper will examine the party platforms from the end of the 20th century and hence the year 2000. The examination of the Republican and Democratic platforms will show the similarities and differences between the platforms represented by the running candidates Albert Gore Jr. and George W. Bush. Bush has won the 2000 presidential elections with 271 electoral votes compared to the 266 electoral votes won by Albert Gore, Jr. The first differences seen in the platforms is the length since the Democratic platform with 24.220 words is shorter as the Republican platform with 34.555 words (The American Presidency ...

Question 1

1.1 In her taxonomy, Joh (2005) describes private policing as law enforcement activities offered through agencies owned and controlled by private individuals. That said, unlike their public counterparts, private police officers concentrate on property loss, preventive techniques, private justice, and safeguarding personal interests. As such, these entities mainly operate as parallel entities, each focusing on their individual duties in law enforcement. This taxonomy is both useful and an excellent beginning in the categorization of various forms of private policing as explained below. On the one hand, some of the existing classifications include publicly contracted, protective, intelligence, and corporate security ...

A Review of Literature

INTRODUCTION The United States has currently been struggling with a great deal of political warfare, social unrest and public protest from the inside and from terrorism, global criticism and immigration battles from the outside. There are so many issues that the subjects of debate seem endless. One of the most controversial and often debated issues today is gun control. There is no doubt that it is incredibly dangerous when offenders are armed when they commit crimes like burglary or in a car-jacking; more so when these offenders have every premeditated intent to kill. At the same time, not everyone ...

What function does a grand jury serve? Does replacement of the indictment function of grand juries at the state level with prosecutors authorized to charge crimes by filing sworn information impair the rights of citizens charged with crimes? 2

What function does a grand jury serve? Does replacement of the indictment function of grand juries at the state level with prosecutors authorized to charge crimes by filing sworn information impair the rights of citizens charged with crimes? Grand jury is in charge of official proceeding, investigating potential criminal conduct and evaluating the necessity of criminal charges. It does not ...

Whether technology by itself is enough to ensure high-quality customer service or not

Although technology improves the quality of services to customers, it does not ensure that high-quality services are offered to clients due to various reasons. First, cyber crimes have been a great challenge to technology. Companies, which have maintained close connections with technology, have been victims of cyber crimes and thus reduced customer service. Through hacking, miscellaneous individuals have managed to tamper with the company data thus causing inconveniences to both the company and its customers. Identity theft has also been observed to be a factor, which lowers the company customer care relationships. Individuals have also managed to gain access ...

Long Response

While sexuality remains a talking point in the modern society, many people are still being discriminated based on their sexual identities. It is essential to note that several people have become victims of racial discrimination as well as heterosexism in the modern society. While many people have fought to change the perception of the offenders, the battle against lesbianism is still alive in the society as many individuals do not consider it a cultural norm. Culturally acceptable codes of behavior have dictated that a particular behavior has to be observed by the members of the society to help nurture ...

FBI and its Steps to Combat Hate Crimes

I took a decision to cover these chapter and topic due to the fact that these issues are highly common for any citizen, namely the issues of hate crimes. Anybody, in fact, is aware of the instances of hate crimes that take place nowadays or have already taken place. The existence thereof arise the feelings of injustice and arbitrariness existing within our society. And a person, who beliefs in liberal values cannot merely step aside and watch. That is why I have chosen this topic. Not only are the hate crimes are about the encroachment upon the public order, ...

The rise in imprisonment in America over the past years has risen at an alarming rate. The United States of America prison population has increased from about three hundred thousand inmates in the 1970’s to over one million inmates in recent years. Statistics show that America has the highest number of inmates in the world (Pfaff 173).The so-called “war on drugs ” which attracted long prison sentences has acted as a major factor contributing to the increase in the prison population (Golembeski 1702). Between the years 2003 and 2010, the prison population rate in the state of Georgia ...

When it comes to weather related hazards, a major problem that my city often faces is that of tornadoes. Now fortunately, this is something that only happens in the spring time. However, when it does occur, major issues can occur. This not only relates to homes being destroyed, but sometimes, because of the tornadoes, there is also flooding too. The reason this happens, is because of the fire hydrants that burst from the impact that the tornadoes end up producing. Moreover, tornadoes can also cause massive gas leaks as well. Now, this all depends on how impactful and large ...

Capital punishment is one of the debatable forms of punishment in the United States. There are various views that have been raised in support and against capital punishment. Historically, capital punishment has existed for many decades. Reformist continue to support the use of alternative forms of crime. The capital punishment was inflicted in America to punish those who spied against the state and committed dangerous crimes. Also, the death penalty began to be used in the correctional facilities (Mandery, & Mandery, 2011). The legislatures inflicted capital punishment to reduce crimes in society. The legislatures believed that capital punishment was the ...

Addiction can have devastating consequences on families. Many people become so caught up in the whirlwind of hard drugs that they lose touch with reality and begin to forget the person they used to be. They make decisions based on the drugs instead of using common sense, and people tend to get very hurt, and in many cases, they die. People will do anything for money, including committing crimes, and those crimes can end up leading them to jail or other criminal punishment. In Anthony’s Intervention episode, his addiction has a significant affect on all aspects of his ...

The term ‘actus reus’ refers to the physical component of the crime, while ‘mens rea’ addresses the mental aspect of the offence. Situations, when the alleged perpetrator has the actus reus, but lack mens rea can be different, and a solution depends on the constituent components of a particular crime. First of all, strict liability offences and a range of other offences that differ across statutes and common law under different jurisdictions do not require proving mens rea. Strict liability often refers to minor offences (e.g., selling alcohol to an under-aged individual), where it is hard to determine the ...

Background of Apple Inc.

Apple Inc. is an American technology company located in California. The company designs and develops software and electronics such as iPhone, Mac Pcs, and iPad. Apple also develops online services such as iTunes and Apple music. The company is multinational as it has operations in different countries. Apple buys and sells products from different parts of the world including Kenya and Mexico. Apple is one of the richest companies and manufacturers of mobile phones and consumer electronics. The company is known for its widespread consumer loyalty. Apple relies on the uniqueness of its products that has developed a strong ...

Today, the mention of crime in the inner cities immediately whips up emotions regarding unlawful possession of guns by criminal gangs. There are many reports on violence that result from the use of unregistered guns over the past decades.The crime rate in inner cities goes interchangeably with unlawful possession of guns. When the government put laws that seek to control ownership of guns, do the steps help to stop crime and protect citizens? Robert La Follette argues that the issue of gun control should not focus on whether to support ownership or to oppose ownership, rather, decisions should be ...

Discussion 2

I am strongly against of the legalization of illicit drugs in the United States. I believe that such global trend is the legalization of illicit drugs is contraindicated for our society. Unfortunately, the level of reflection, self-knowledge and self-control in our society is low, our people do not turn to the spiritual practice, so this recognition of drugs would be simply disastrous for the US people. The main advantages of legalizing drugs are the taxes obtained by legal sells. But even this advantage is contradictory. Legalization of marijuana in two US states - Colorado and Washington - has not ...

If we were to ask 100 people randomly to describe a criminal, most like they will describe the most recent experience they had of a crime or criminal. Most recent experiences could be what they read on the news on the way to work, in another word what they read or watched on the most recent media exposure they had, or it could also be a personal criminal experience they had. Some people live in neighborhoods that are dangerous so they have more experience with gangs, while others might have been robbed recently, either pickpockets or online fraud, etc. ...

There are several laws that aimed at protecting human health and environment. The government and private parties are allowed to enforce the federal environmental laws. The government has the resources and tools required to enforce environmental laws and compels compliance with the environmental regulations and laws. Criminal and civil environmental enforcement are streamlined towards protection of environment and health. The criminal environmental enforcement seeks to punish the actions that the society view as harmful to the environment and health of people. The civil, environmental enforcement is streamlined towards individual parties who should be compensated for the harm caused by ...

In the majority of states all crimes are divided into two groups: felonies and misdemeanors. The difference between these two groups is in seriousness of crimes. (Hasselm, 2011) If this is a felony, an accused person can get 1 year in prison, life imprisonment without parole or even the death penalty. If it is a misdemeanor, an accused person could be punished by less than 1 year or a year of imprisonment and/or fine. Crimes are not equal in weight. General public considers some of the crimes more severe than others. (Kappeler, 2014) The majority of people considers the ...

In recent years, there has been much discussion among sociologists as to the nature of crime and whether or not it is socially constructed. Generally, crime is an action or behavior that defies criminal law, and the fact that laws vary from place to place and between cultures automatically supports the argument that crime is socially constructed. Some interesting arguments focus on those who have power to make such laws and their motivations for doing so. There is a legal distinction between crime and deviance, in that while deviance goes against social norms, it does not break any actual ...

A chronic juvenile offender is a young person having multiple criminal convictions that are spread over multiple criminal events (Baglivio, et al., 2014). The young offenders are either 11 years and younger having committed ten offences and have been arrested within twelve months or between 12 and 15 years with 15 offences and have been arrested over a duration of eighteen months. These offenders are also responsible for majority of the violent crimes (Fox, et al., 2015). Thomas Jones cannot be classified as a chronic young offender since this is his first time to commit the offence. Henry Thompson ...

Howard’s text has significantly explored the definition and depiction of cyber-crime. It has swiftly combined theoretical work, substantial research, and first-hand experience in driving the point home. The analysis wades through the growth and development of organized crime using objective mechanisms. The text is reader-friendly and successfully guides students in grasping the various dimensions of organized crime. However, with the advent of technology leading to the growth of organized cyber-criminal groups, there is room for refining the description provided by this enumerative text (Abadinsky, 2012). After a critical evaluation of the text’s definition, this paper discusses the ...

Human trafficking is defined as the recruitment, transport, transfer and receipt of persons through the use of force or coercion, deception and abuse of power in order to control them and use them in providing services for the benefit of the traffickers at the detriment of the victim. Human trafficking is a deliberate act of deceiving or forcing another person against his or her will to move to from one geographical area to another geographical area to be used for labor or crime in ways that benefits the trafficker. Human trafficking is an international phenomenon. This is because it ...

Public order crimes

The aim of this paper is to discuss the public order crimes. Public order crimes can be defined as violations that are unsafe to public and in this way disturb the society’s day by day lifestyle. For a wrongdoing in order to fit the bill to be classified as a public order crime, it must be demonstrated that it has somehow meddled with the typical operation of the general public. Public order crimes, accordingly, meddle with the standards and the social estimations of the specific group. Cases of public order crimes incorporate prostitution, erotic entertainment, paraphilia and medication ...

Capital penalty of punishment has been a divisive topic and there are many different theories which oppose as well as support capital punishment. Today, most of the countries have abolished capital punishment, even for the most dreadful criminal activities. Instead of being hanged to death, the criminals are instead imprisoned for lifetime. This is because taking the life of a person, even a criminal, cannot be justified under any situation. However, there are some nations which are still advocate that capital crimes such as murder or terrorism should be dealt with capital punishments. One of the basic reasons of ...

But how do legislators and regulators determine the risk associated with a particular activity? And how is their process for evaluating environmental risk different from that of the regulated community? The legislators and regulators strictly adhere to existing laws and regulations to determine the risk associated with a particular activity. They evaluate situations and measure the extent of harm which will be inflicted on the community as a whole. Any activity that is said to introduce detrimental effects to the environment is considered harmful and illegal if it goes against environmental laws. The process used by legislators and regulators ...

Abstract

The prison is being used since the people started to live in a society. It is being the necessity to obtain control over the group of people to protect the crimes by punishing the criminals. The history of jails in the US will date back to the British ruling period while it was first introduced to punish the criminals. The jails were not in a good shape on that time that caused the death of many prisoners in health issues. The jails are being reformed day by day and upgraded to the prison system that we witness in the ...

At common law, a felony murder was defined as the unlawful killing of a human being while in the commission of a felony crimes (LaFave). However, the modern concept of felony murder has widely been interpreted to mean an unlawful killing that occurred in the commission of only a certain type of felony crime, or acts that are deemed, by the totality of circumstances, to be inherently dangerous (LaFave). Under the federal criminal code, a person is guilty of felony murder if in “preparation of, or attempt to perpetrate, any” robbery (LII). Robbery, under the federal criminal code, is ...

What are some of the ideal structures that are currently in use today? Conduct a web search on four types of departments. Choose one department that is very large (more than 1000 sworn police officers); choose one that is considered large sized (more than 150 but less than 1000); choose a medium sized department (between 50 to 149 sworn officers) and finally a small department (less than 50 sworn officers). Go to each department’s website and find their Year-end Report. If one doesn’t exist for the department you choose, try to find another agency in the same ...

Overall Decrease in Juvenile Arrests

Roughly 2.11 million juveniles were arrested in 2008 for various offenses. According to the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR), this figure translated to an overall reduction of juvenile arrests by three percent as compared to the same period in 2007 (Puzzanchera, 2009). While the violent crime arrests were found to be increasing in 2005 and 2006, the report shows that arrests of individuals under age 18 involved in violent crime are on a downward trend, with violent crime arrests in 2008 being two percent lower than in 2007. Even though the total number of arrests is lowest in ...

After the carnage of 9/11, the international community turned its local and joint efforts to the struggle against terrorism and prevention of terroristic activities. Antiterrorism initiatives have been run by various international organizations, particularly by the United Nations Counter-Terrorism Committee, and by the United States government, which applies its resources to combat terroristic activities on a domestic scale and in countries overwhelmed by terroristic groups. As Chalk notes, “the coordinated terrorist strikes of 9/11 galvanized a [] response by the United States government to increase the country’s physical and financial security in the face of potential future attacks” (Chalk, ...

The novel ‘ABC Murder’ reflects around a serial killer, ABC, who kills individuals alphabetically. The killer, with an unknown identity, sends provoking letters to Poirot, who is identified to be a detective. However, ABC covers his act with Cust, whom he takes advantage of because of mental disability. He offers Cust a job on behalf of a stocking company and arranges for his presence at each murder scene. ABC, who privately kills individuals in different cities, is however identified to be Franklin Clarke (Christie, 2010). On the other hand, The Big Sleep features Marlowe, a detective, who is hired ...

Introduction

Conducting a successful criminal investigation begins with the ability to carry out an efficient preliminary investigation; from which the major case and criminal investigation are built (Four, Five, & Six, 2015). The effectiveness of an investigation depends on the attitude of the investigating officer, and the guiding principles followed. It is important for officers to select appropriate groundwork procedures that will lead to definitive evidence collection as well as subsequent crime investigation. Most cases are different; therefore, there is no standardized routine for conductive investigations. However, officers should be flexible, creative, and open-minded when following the basic guidelines for conducting ...

Why aren't detectives more successful at solving crimes? Given their relative lack of success, how do you account for the "detective mystique"? In this essay, share some solutions to make solving crimes more effective. One of the major reasons why some detectives have difficulties in solving crime is because they lack the necessary skill, particularly the intellectual capacity to perform their job. One of the major challenges of law enforcement agents in solving crimes is the cleverness and cunning of criminals. Although there are many theories and procedures that aims to aid detectives in solving crimes, the successful ...

The influx of drug-related criminals is the main cause of overcrowding in most correctional institutions across in the United States and specifically Texas. Offenders' numbers related to other crimes such as homicide, robbery, and burglary have remained steady over the number of years, but drug-related offenders are increasing leading to a high number of them behind bars in prisons across Texas. The problem is captured in a study by the state government which found out that six of ten prisoners in the state and federal facilities are convicted of drug possession or drug abuse charges. As such, this means ...

INTRODUCTION

It is the belief of most people that when stronger law enforcements are applied, it will help in getting the drugs off the market, thereby making the streets to become safe. However, the evidence that exists with the Drug Abuse Council challenges this belief. The council confirmed that an increase in the price of one bag of street heroin in any given month from $7 to $9, there would be an increase in the number of revenue-raising crimes from 11,000 per month to 12,000 per month due to heroin trade alone (Friedman 1).

AN OVERVIEW

PURPOSE OF THE MODEL ...

The costs of white-collar crimes are difficult to quantify because the costs incurred are higher than those of conventional crimes (DiMarino & Roberson, 2013). The types of cost attributed to white-collar crimes are as follows. 1. Direct Cost is an economic loss/measurable loss. It is also termed as the victim’s loss that is measurable. For example, market value, financial loss, and replacement cost, etc. (Fredrichs, 2010). 2. Indirect Cost is the type of cost that is occurred in response to the white-collar crime. It is difficult to measure because it has a non-economic impact. For example, the increase in ...

According to Barnet (2002), white-collar crime is defined as the crime committed by people that have respectable and high social status in different occupations and societies. However, the definition does not delineate the scope under which the criminal behaviors fall in white-collar criminality. The rise of white-collar criminality resulted from the difference in inattention given to it compared to the street level crimes where offenders were of low status. The definition of white-collar criminality varies depending on the type of offender, type of offense, and the type of organizational culture in which the crime is committed. For instance, the ...

Assess

The mission of the Joint Task Force North (JTFN) is to streamline and implement an effective Command and Control structure and policy for military support to counter-drug efforts and fight transnational organized crime (TCO). The vision of JTFN shall be to meet the objectives set by the Northern Command Commander and add value to Drug Law Enforcement Agencies (DLEAs) in addressing the illegal activities of TCOs. The mission and vision of JTFN cannot be achieved without the support of appropriate key internal and external stakeholders. The internal stakeholders include JTFN’s staff in El Paso and its headquarters, law ...

Examining criminals and victimization

What two theories do you think would be most helpful in understanding the crimes of the author's bogeyman? Rational choice theory Social structure theory Are there elements that we still need to know to formulate a better understanding of the bogeyman's behavior? The social heritage of the bogeyman is particularly important in determining if there has been a criminal manifestation in their lineage. While crime remains a decision, it can as well be acquired from a criminal lineage. Some might find it very attractive when there is evidence within the family hierarchy of successful criminals. The socio-political environment at ...

Question and Answer- Criminal Justice

Question and Answer- Criminal Justice Q. 1 The main similarity between mens rea and actus reus regarding their roles is that both elements are ways through the criminal law ensures that only guilty actions or conduct and minds or intention can secure the safe legal conviction of accused persons. Moreover, they both play the role of making the role of the prosecution and defense easier when proving the commission of a crime. The difference is that while mens rea plays the role of helping the court know the accused’s intent at the material time, actus reus plays the ...

Police officers are responsible for keeping peace in the country. They apprehend and pursue individual who breaks the law, solve issues of the community, enforce traffic law, arrest suspected criminal, investigate crimes and respond to emergencies. They are usually assigned to patrol particular areas to be familiar when inspecting suspicious circumstances. Training is significant before one becomes a police officer as it will expose him or her to a new situation to handle challenging tasks during the career life. I think the best education level of the police should be college degree level. The college degree level is ideal ...

The article, named “Lessons from the History of Art Crime “Saving Artifacts from Terrorists” is an adaptation of the talk, given at The Courtauld Institute at the combined Courtauld/ARCA event, "Art and Terrorism" by Noah Charney on the 26th of February. The speaker brings up one of the most actual questions, terrifying, dreadful and barbarian, regarding the art’s safety – the demolishing of art because of the terrorists’ attacks. The fact that it has been caused by humans brings even more importance to this issue, placing it on the international arena. However, the main reason to all of these ...

Youths are not generally tried in adult court for the crimes that they commit. This is because most of the crimes committed by youths are not serious enough to justify incarcerating them alongside adult offenders. Most youths are tried in juvenile court and are sentenced to serve time in juvenile detention facilities if convicted. However, this does not apply to youths who are convicted of more serious crimes, such as murder. The age at which a person can be tried in adult versus juvenile court differs between states. In forty-one states the maximum age of a juvenile before being ...

Abstract

This paper explores two major psychological theories, which attempt to explain why people use drugs as a solution to their various problems. The main goal of this research is to explain how these theories explain the drug usage and describe whether these theories support a strong relation between drugs and crime. The method of research includes finding two articles about crimes, committed under the influence of drugs and reasoning the connection between the usage of drugs and crimes. This paper examines a possible connection between the two selected theories and two crimes, described in the articles. According to the ...

This paper is about Freddie Lee Hall and the review of the case Hall v Florida No. 12-10882 (2014), with reference to Atkins v Virginia. Mr. Hall committed multiple crimes of rape, kidnap, robbery and murder, although with an accomplice in 1978. There was an effort to refute his claims of being intellectually challenged because of the degree of planning needed to conduct such a robbery and also a consideration of the fact that he had an IQ score of 71. Automatically, the fact that he killed two people, one of them a deputy, should have gotten him a ...

Abstract

For decades, Afro-American have been facing higher incarceration, higher poverty rate and lower income in the United States as compared to White American. In every city of U.S, Afro-American face similar problem, although such problems are worse in some part of the state. The Afro-American in the city of Miami also face problems such mental illness, poverty, poor access to health services, crimes, accidents, violence and others which impact their way of life negatively. Mental health is linked to socioeconomic status as the people who are homeless, or have the problem of substance abuse have a higher risk of ...

Introduction

There are numerous debates about the death penalty in the United States. America continues to allow states to decide whether to apply the death penalty or not. There are 32 states in America that have the death penalty as opposed to 18 states that have abolished the practice. The United States of America continues to act as the leader of the free world. American exceptionalism is premised on the fact that America is a uniquely free nation based on democratic ideals and personal liberties. America has led the process of exporting liberal democracies around the world and many nations ...

Research Paper

Abstract The youth is the most at-risk group in terms of gang membership nowadays. It has been found in several studies that gang involvement largely appeal to adolescents, especially those living in poor neighborhoods, estranged or alienated in schools, and in conflict with police authorities or the larger criminal justice system. Researchers reported that the youth turns to gangs to compensate for their lack of adequate and proper socialization. Large communities, or areas with sizable populations, have serious gang-related problems. This paper discusses existing empirical studies on gang formation, membership, and violence. There is a considerable dearth of studies ...

Part 1 – Assault and Battery

The terms “assault and battery” are often used together although these are two separate crimes. An assault is defined as an action that causes a person to feel the threat of impending violence. An action such as raising a fist or moving menacingly towards the intended victim constitutes an assault, even if no physical contact has occurred. The crime of battery occurs when there is physical contact. Grabbing a person’s arm or punching or striking a person constitutes a case of battery (Baldwin, 2007). Simple assault or battery, where there is limited threat of violence or a minor ...

Introduction

Environmental concerns have created significant interests from various stakeholders with criminologists playing a critical role in responding to environmental harms. Environmental criminology applies to wide range of environments comprising of air, water, and land, and major issues such as overexploitation of natural resources and the emission of high volumes of toxic wastes in air, water, and soil. Multidisciplinary approaches have been adopted to help in curbing such environmental crimes whereby ecological, legal, economic, and social implications of the crimes have been analyzed by various stakeholders. Interventions have also led to extensive methods including monitoring, assessing the damage, enforcing legal ...

The science of Criminology is a relatively new field of science (Siegel, 2010). The beginnings of real criminology are noted with the Classical school of thought, whose scholars hypothesized that crime, is a result of the discerning decision and can be controlled with prevention strategies. (Hall, 2013) Since that time criminologists have developed, exacerbated, or grown new thoughts of why individuals perpetrate crime, including speculations that lead to biological, psychological, and sociological reasons for crime which we will discuss further. (Siegel, 2010) Some of the first attempts to explain crime were essentially biological in nature. Italian criminologist Cesare Lombroso, ...