Essays on Cyber-Terrorism

Terrorism and cyber terrorism become one of the main global threats to the humanity of XXI century. Nowadays cyber terrorism is the inherent part of the modern terrorism. So we can not discuss the question of terrorism without taking into account the cyber terrorism. Both terrorism and cyber terrorism carry a threat to various states, organizations, groups of people and etc., but when the terrorism uses as a battle-field all accessible variants, cyber terrorism is only in the network. There is no doubt that cyber terrorism and terrorism have similarities but it also has a lot of differences. The ...

Introduction

The degree that digital terrorism is a threat to people’s safety is amongst the most challenging of themes in the twenty first century. To a limited extent, this is a result of terminological question . More far reaching originations of digital terrorism as any type of online terrorist action obviously have a tendency to be connected with a higher evaluated likelihood of the risk's emergence than accomplish more prohibitive records (Cassim, 2012). In the meantime, as itemized further underneath, contending risk evaluations stay regardless of the fact that we limit our centre to smaller understandings of this idea (portrayed, ...

Information technology is an essential tool for the development of an organization. Technology assists companies in their operation. The use of technology is especially crucial in the management of global organizations. The technological advances assist these organizations to avoid crimes and errors committed through technology. Mars Inc. is one of the companies that have embraced technology in their operations. This paper is set to research on Mars Inc. and its operations in the global market. Additionally, it analyzes the technological advancements employed by the organization in its operations.

The History of Mars Inc

Mars Inc. denotes a private company owned by the family of ...

Mitigation of cyber attacks

Introduction The development of internet technology has both advantages and limitations on global development. The major drawback associated with advancement in internet technology is the cyber crime, which is globally on a rise (Weimann, 2006). Cyber terrorism poses serious threats to the security of both private companies and government institutions. Cyber attacks involve unauthorized access to critical information as well as the infrastructure of business organizations and public institutions (Weimann, 2006). The resultant effects of cyber attacks are numerous, and they make both private and public entities more vulnerable to collapse (Osipenko, 2004, p 46). Thus, these institutions adopt ...

Technological advances are amongst the developments characterizing the 21st century. Primarily, the emergence of computers has facilitated automation of processes in different sectors. It has simplified the procedures in various organizations whereby operations are handled at a faster rate as opposed to when carried out manually. The automation also minimizes the errors likely to occur when matters are handled manually. Through the use of internet technology communication between individuals in different geographical locations can be made within seconds. Similarly, it has significantly enhanced socialization where people use the internet to interact with each other via social media. Institutions within ...

ABSTRACT

This research paper is based on cyber-terrorism. Cyber-terrorism is committed by terrorists who perform acts of violence to influence the behavior of those who have different opinions from their own, with the use of computer based systems. The US government has been targeted by various terrorist groups though cyber-attacks. The nature of organizations which employ the use of Data-Controlled Systems enables such threats to have a great impact on organizations. Cyber threats in organizations arise from processes, staff and infrastructure. There is the need for organizations to come up with preventive measures and response systems to cyber-attacks. Inventory management, ...

Question 1: Compare and contrast the different types of hackers. How does each play a role in hacking? What types of damage can each type of hacker accomplish? Explain your answer. The term hacker means it is a person who exploits or seeks the weaknesses in a computer network. There are different types of hackers, which are the grey hat, blue hat, neophyte, white hat, script kiddie and black hat.

The grey hat

The grey hat is used to refer to a hacker who is considered to be part of white and black hat categories. This kind of hacker is usually said to be either ...

The police department faces a number of hazards which are likely to lead to loss. Risk management is as important in the police department as it is in other organizations. It involves analysis of loss, potential loss, threats, and hazards. There are assets that need protection in addition to security needed for each jurisdiction. Potential assets at the police department include cash, fleets of vehicles, trained officers, secure premises, information, resources, specialized equipments, and technology. The police department faces some of the risks that are generally overlooked. This includes the risk to property and security needs.

Threat assessment (two potential hazards)

The first step to ...

QUESTION ONE:

Domestic terrorism includes individuals or groups who are based and run wholly within the US or its dominion states without foreign administration, and whose acts are directed only at the people or government of United States. US public will never support domestic terrorism because no one can allow any group to ruin their lives. However, as far as to alienate them is concerned then it is not under the control of the individuals to seek the terrorists and hunt them. Not all anti-government groups are necessarily racist: for example, some members of the militia movement in the 1990s attempted ...

Brooke’s post:

Brooke’s post was excellent. This is mainly because Brooke’s forum post tackles some of the performance measures that I have mentioned in my original forum. The performance measure that I called performance measure 2 in my forum is cited in Brooke’s forum post. It talks about the percentage of federal executive branch civilian networks monitored for cyber intrusion with advanced technology (NPPD). In Brooke’s forum post, we have his document mentioning that the DHS is committed in increasing public awareness. The DHS wants the individuals in the private sector to be empowered about what to ...

Cyberwarfare refers to the politically motivated hacking into classified accounts, personal accounts or websites with an aim to conduct sabotage and espionage. It can be described as information warfare. Companies have established website that store classified information about their plans, motivation, files and marketing strategies among other information. In the face of stiff competitions, the competitors may require this information from the rivalry companies for purposes of strategizing. To obtain the data, they may result to cyber war.

Methods of attack

Cyber warfare occurs in various methods. These can be classified as cyber espionage and cyber-attacks. Cyber-attacks are listed as one of ...

Introduction to Security: Defending Against Attacks

Introduction to Security: Defending Against Attacks

Introduction:

Information security refers to all tasks that deal with guarding digital information with the aim of ensuring proper implementation of security measures. However, even when all security measures have been taken, it is hard to completely guarantee immunity from attacks or consider a system to be completely secure (Ciampa, 2010). Information security can be considered as protection since its main goal is to create defenses that ward off security attacks and prevent collapse of the system in case an attack is successful. These defenses are intended to protect information that is of value ...

Introduction:

According to a brief analysis, the rising issues of digital crime and digital terrorism requires training of law enforcement workers. In current situation, the law enforcement is not talented enough to handle the cases of digital crime and terrorism. There is no doubt in the fact that world is getting digitized every coming day so the knowledge of this world is mandatory in order to solve its issues. Following are eight forecasts which have been formulated after collecting data and analysis in many different situations.

Forecast 1:

Technology is changing rapidly and so are the ways to digital crime and terrorism. This ...

Nowadays the amount of accidents that represent potential danger to health and life of the individual is constantly enlarging. The risks emerge in a series of different situations at working place, in the street or even at home. Risks are therefore regarded by the employers and employees, householders and the rest of individuals. One of the primarily methods of risk prevention is usage of weapons, personal protection equipment and force. This issue is closely connected with personal physical security that plays extremely important role in life of modern people. Physical security is a series of measures that aim to protect ...

A Political Approach

Introduction The purpose of this literature review is to provide an analysis of the United States’ potential vulnerability to cyber terrorism attacks on its critical infrastructure system. Some experts suggest that the United States is not as vulnerable to cyber attacks and acts of cyber terrorism as many critics believe. American’s direct and indirect involvement in growing uncertainties in the Middle East have sparked new debates and concerns regarding the threats new types of cyber terrorism now pose to the nation’s data and information security (Abdulrahman, 139). Most importantly, this literature review has been conducted on ...

Introduction

Over the decades, technological advancements have evolved dramatically, especially in the 21st century that has marked a significant acceleration not only in the online world but also in the dangers that arise from it. Additionally, in the recent past, there has been a greater access to the internet all over the world, bigger capabilities of different programs as well as a larger range of services. Included, is the spread and use of online religious radicalism. For instance, a great number of Xinjiang extremists illegally crosses China’s borders to nations such as Iraq and Syria and join extreme Islamic movements. The extremists obtain ...

Abstract

In many businesses, these days, there is use of technology in information sharing, advertisements, banking services and purchasing among others. The use of cyberspace is exponentially increasing; thus criminal activities are likewise exponentially on the rise. The major explanation for the rise in cyber threats is the fact that since the world web is intercepted, various web applications are getting popularity for data sharing as well as data storing regardless of the user. As time passes these web applications became more complex as a result of the increase in their faults in design. This creates a situation where surfing on the ...

With the natural disasters happening during the 1960’s, the government was forced to pass legislation for the relief operations. Due to the unavailability of flood protection insurance in all the areas, the government was forced to start the measures to protect against future floods by passing the National Flood Insurance Act and introduced the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). During the Clinton administration, the Nunn-Lugar legislation was introduced to address the issues of chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons that may lead to huge mass destructions. The Project Impact was launched to identify the risks of terror attacks ...

In today’s world that is marked by heavy usage of computers, gadgets, and wireless networking technologies, as perfectly exemplified by the World Wide Web or simply the internet, digital crime or cybercrime has been becoming a more and more common occurrence. Digital crime can be committed by one person against another person and can be as simple as the act of hacking a person’s password and using it to commit fraudulent acts. It may also be committed by one country against another, or in this case, one country against the United States, the subject country for this paper and ...

American Public University System

Abstract Oracle has extensively used IT as it forms the heart of its dealings. The corporation deals with computer technology itself and it has been in the front line to benefit from its own innovations as well as those of its competitors. Oracle as an industry is associated with information technology, which includes the computer hardware and software, electronic, the internet, telecommunication equipments, ecommerce, semiconductor, as well as computer services. The corporation has used various own developed suits to achieve the organizations goals. IT has enabled Oracle Company to market its hardware, software, and services through e-commerce. Oracle ...

Cyber Terrorism vs. Physical Terrorism

In both attacks, the attackers do so outside the predictable combat as well as places that is not meant to bring them in direct contact with the law enforcement personnel. However, cyber terrorism entails the deliberate and malicious attack on information usually done through the computers (Janczewski & Colarik, 2008). On the other hand, physical terrorism entails the deliberate and intentional attack of people or areas where people are likely to be with an intention or harming them. The attack of Target Company is an example of cyber terrorism while the attack of the World Trade Center is an illustration ...

The Impact of CyberTerrorism on the U.S Economy

In the US today, it is disturbing to think how computers are targeted to be used as weapons by politically motivated international and national groups. This is done with an intention to cause violence or instill fear to the government and its people. It has involved activities such as shutting down of critical infrastructures nationally and internationally. This may include the government operations, transportation, and communication among others. Consequently, the government and the civilian populations are coerced or intimidated. This has often led to making adjustments on some government policies. Cyberterrorism is a subject situated in an equally new research ...

Introduction

Cyber terrorism is usually politically motivated and entails the use of computer and other information technology hence causing widespread fear in the society or disruption. The paper describes the forensic plan, how the team will approach the incidents review and finally the collection requirement so as to ensure the team is operating legally.

Forensic plan for cyber terrorism

Incident and investigation reviews Determination of the Intent and scope of Investigation This investigation will begin with initial contact. The investigators will be first contacted in relation to a possible investigation. If the clients are well organized they should have their own team of incident ...

Introduction

The advent of technological advancements has completely changed the way people interact. One of the embodiment of these advancements is the emergence of a new form of terrorism christened cyber terrorism. Importantly, the advancements in technology have completely changed the face of terrorism. Unlike in the past where terrorism was primarily involved the use of weapons such as grenades and bombs, the current form of terrorism is carried out through on the cyberspace. It involves a combination of cyberspace and terrorism. Terrorists who use the cyberspace to launch attacks against network systems of their victims are called cyber terrorists. In the ...

The aphorism, technology is the capital of human habitation, is thus far true given the developments in information technology. Every single application involves some element of technology with smart and small gadgets that have computer characteristics increasingly finding their application in systems. The application is not limited to any field as it is spread across board in education, transport, energy, industry, trade, among other fields. In other words, the world has become overly reliant on information based technology. This reliance comes with its advantages and costs. The former include increased efficiencies, less costs and less time consumed in the ...

The current thread that has come about with current technology is the cyber terrorism. There are cases of reports that show how this phenomenon has grown so rapidly with the internet users. Many people have now found the internet as the best avenue where terror can be spread. Terrorism affects everybody whether using the internet or not (Janczewski & Colarik, 73). The reports show that the users of the internet give the terrorists the avenue to plant their planned evil to the country, hence increasing the effects on the victims such as fear and insecurity. The first reason that ...

Global Cultures & Security, U.S. Military perspective

Abstract The global security in the 21st century is very different from, the threats that occurred about 20-50 years ago. There have emerged various issues that have posed threats to the global view. These aspects have shown that the effects encountered by one nation have similarly affected another nation. Globalization in some instances has emerged as the biggest threat to global security while other instances have depicted terrorism as the biggest threat. These issues are all related in that they all affect the security of nations across the world. However, these are ...

A brief review of its use and effectiveness

The word ‘war’ for any nation signifies the danger or uncertain situation imposed upon it by another nation or army. Acknowledging that the nation is in war, calls upon its citizens to do all they can individually and collectively to help the country fight the war. For the citizens, war and war threat situations have been seen to induce a sense of patriotism and unity, in the face of the common enemy. This is exactly what the politicians and law enforcement people seek to leverage by raising war rhetoric in crime prevention. War rhetoric is increasingly resorted to as a means ...

According to the Tallin Manual (3), many people across the world do not acknowledge that the use of internet could expose them to any kind of threat. They feel that they are secure since they work with their internet access devices in the comfort of their homes or even using their phones. This makes the people assume a situation of safety. It is, therefore, assumed that there are no threats of cyber terrorism. Given the accelerated developments in technology, there is a need to look at the authenticity of this argument. According to the NRI (3), cyber terrorism might not ...

Introduction

Critical infrastructure is the main support system of the nation’s national and economic security. It includes national backbone such as power plants, electric infrastructures, water resources, transport system, financial structures, chemical facilities, emergency services, and cyber networks so as to make the people safer and to provide them with services and facilities such as highways, stadiums, shopping malls, and federal buildings (Hatton, 2013). These infrastructures have been smoothly integrated by ICT to make the systems more resilient, reliable and effective (Hatton, 2013). Hence, cyber infrastructures are also synonymous with advanced telecommunications, industrial control systems and critical infrastructure assets ( ...

A brief review of its implications on society

Introduction - Thesis statement: Terrorists and assassins are driven by their beliefs and ideals that are in conflict with those, with whom they fight against. - Intellectual roots of terrorism

Assassination as an aspect of terrorism

- Major reasons for assassinations - Notable assassinations in history

Methodology and target identification

- Personalities and infrastructures identified as symbols of opposition - Important landmarks and cascading effects of attack - Access and use of sophisticated technologies - Advantages of terrorists over law enforcement personnel

Major forms of terrorism

- Suicide terrorism - Cyber terrorism

Effects of terrorism in society

- Both short term and long term effects - Hampers developmental activity ...

The last decade has had policy makers, governments and the media see an increase in the emergence of powers in the global economy and governance. Countries such as China, South Africa, Brazil, Russia, Japan, India and Germany have significant influence in political and economic matters, in world politics and their respective regions. These countries have labels such as middle powers, uncertain powers, regional powers and new titans. This is because the countries have significant influence in the world today and this has seen previously powerful countries such as U.S. and Britain evaluate their international relations. Gaining international power is ...

In 1938, German engineer, Zuse Conrad, assembled the first computer called the Z1. The computer was created to work and calculate mathematical problems. As the years went by, computers became electronically enabled and extremely functional to the level that programs and software offered people the capacity to store digital information and aid in daily tasks. The government and private establishments embraced what computers could hence adopted the technology. This enabled the organizations to enjoy the dependable capabilities of computers. In today’s societal model, the world circles around the functionality of the computer and internet connections, which allow for ...

Arguably, as computer technology develops, so does the criminal offences that come as a result of using computers and internet. The 21st century marks the peak season of various cyber crimes and cyber terrorism. As a matter of fact, human beings should learn and adopt to live with criminal activities associated with technology. Therefore, as a result of accepting reality, utilization of computer networks as well as development of cyberspace society, various strategies have been developed to perpetrate these crimes. The history of legislation to deal with cyber crimes began in 1970s. Generally, since the existence of computer technology, various crimes related ...

The present and future of computer based espionage and terrorism.

I. Introduction

Computer based espionage and terrorism

Computer based espionage is a form of spying through the use of computer devices and internet. It involves organizations, governments, or individuals obtaining confidential information without legal permission from the information holder. It is mainly done or kept secret because of the fact that it may be illegal thus punishable using the law. However sometimes computer based espionage may be considered legal as being part of intelligence operation. In such cases the organization or individual conducting the intelligence, does it using ethical means and mainly utilizes public sources of information. Governments are the ones mostly involved with computer ...

Affiliated institute

Abstract The case below defines cyber security and highlights the application of cyber terrorism as an asymmetric attack against some portion of the nation’s critical infrastructure. The author also talks about the likely target critical infrastructure and who should be held responsible and clearly discusses the reasons behind.

Cyber Terrorism is indeed an asymmetric attack on a portion of the nation’s critical infrastructure. However, till date, we have yet to see attempts at crippling the infrastructure. The attempts seem to be directed with two motives. Stealing of financial data or sending across a message by infiltrating & defacing ...

Code:

Compliance and attack prevention Brenner (2010) postulates that the system regulatory, product compliance and codification is the most effective approach of reducing vulnerabilities, threats and attacks to systems. Compliance ensures that the systems and its components are in accordance with the laid down rules and principles that govern the operation and existence of the system (Watson, & Hamid, 2010). The patriot act signed into law by President Bush on October 26 2001 provides tools that are needed to obstruct and distract attacks (Smith 2010). It also vests more power to the respective authorities to investigate terrorist attacks ( Andrew ...

Cyber Terrorism

A man of Brazilian origin by the name Leni de Abreu Neto was on August 22, 2008 charged in New Orleans by a grand jury for his participation in a conspiracy to sell computers infected with malicious software. Leni, 35, who hails from Taubate, Brazil, was charged with conspiracy to damage computers globally. It is alleged that over 100,000 were actually damaged as a result of the deeds of Leni and his accomplices who include 19 year old Nasir Nordin from Sneek, Netherlands. The indictment stated that Leni and his coconspirators participated in using, leasing, maintaining and selling an illegal botnet. ...

Electronic or cyber crime is a criminal activity, committed through the use of information technologies. Economies worldwide, business and individuals are effected by electronic crime increasingly more often every year. According to Internet Crime Complaint Center, in 2008 the number of electronic crimes in the USA has increased from 207 to 275 thousand, and resulted in a total loss of 264.6 million dollars (Limbach, n.d.).

Multiple types of computer crime include cyber theft, cyber terrorism, creation of obscene or offensive content, harassment, drug trafficking, spam, information warfare, phishing scams, spreading computer viruses and malware.

Types of Electronic Crime

Computer hackers use ...