Essays on Cyclic

Click Chemistry describes the biocompatible reactions that are high yielding, that are very simple to perform, have wide scope, that need no chromatography to remove their byproducts and that can be conducted in easily removable solvents. The synthesis of first triazole was reported by Arthur Michael in 1893. In the 20th century, Huisgen discovered the catalyst of copper, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition which required the temperature of 100 degree Celsius. This reaction of copper is a highly versatile reaction which does not require any specific reaction conditions and can easily be performed with various solvents, wide temperature range and pH, ...

It is impossible to separate health care from religion. Throughout history, coexistence has been underscored by the permeation of both into each other's domains. From setting up hospitals to treatment regimens, these two aspects of society go hand in hand. However, there exist fundamental conflicts within these spheres that affect the life of the patient in one way or the other. This manuscript attempts to demystify this relationship and thereby give the healthcare professional a basis for understanding and implementing practice guidelines that cater for Christian or Buddhist patient.

The Christian View

The Christian worldview is a framework that examines life as ...

Abstract

The literature defines hypertension as a medical condition experienced when the systolic blood pressure (BP) is equal or greater than 140 mm Hg or when the diastolic blood pressure is equal or greater than 90 mm Hg. Additionally, it offers a description of systematic, cellular, as well as molecular causes of hypertension. High blood pressure within the arteries is referred to as systemic hypertension (SH). The primary role of the systemic arteries is the transportation of oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues of the body. The constriction of the arterioles (small arteries) is responsible for the high ...

Overview

The theory of consumer choice is interested in the manner through which make decisions on the amount of money that they can commit on their preferences considering their budget constraints (Levin & Milgrom, 2004). All consumers have a budget past which they cannot spend. This budget is influenced by the wealth and income of the individual consumers. The budgets erect constraints on the ability of consumers to acquire their preferences. The consumer choice theory informs the choices a consumer will make considering the price of a certain good or service and his income. The exploration of the consumer choice theory ...

Ray WA, Chung CP, Murray KT, Hall K, Stein C. Prescription of Long-Acting Opioids and Mortality in Patients With Chronic Noncancer Pain. JAMA. 2016;315(22):2415-2423. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.7789.

Prescription of Long-Acting Opioids and Mortality in Patients With Chronic Noncancer Pain Wayne A. Ray, PhD1; Cecilia P. Chung, MD, MPH2; Katherine T. Murray, MD2,3; Kathi Hall, BS1; C. Michael Stein, MB, ChB2,3 [+] Author Affiliations JAMA. 2016;315(22):2415-2423. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.7789.

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Abstract ABSTRACT | INTRODUCTION | METHODS | RESULTS | DISCUSSION | CONCLUSIONS | ARTICLE INFORMATION | REFERENCES Importance  Long-acting opioids increase the risk of unintentional overdose deaths but also may increase ...

Describe the underlying pathology of COPD and the common pathological characteristics of the condition. Discuss the impact these pathological changes have on normal function, including how alveolar ventilation might be different in Mr Wenham compared to a normal individual. The hallmark pathological attributes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are one, poorly reversible airflow obstruction and two, a progressive atypical inflammatory response within the lungs. The abnormal inflammatory response denotes the responses of the innate and adaptive immune systems to long-standing exposure to noxious gases and particles especially cigarette smoke. Notably, all cigarette smokers have some degree of inflammation ...

Introduction

In the novel one hundred years of Solitude, Gabriel Garcia Marquez tells the history of the Buendia family, which is the founding family of Macondo town. For many years, the town had remained secluded from the rest of the world with the only visitors it received being the gypsies who were peddlers. Moreover, José Arcadio Buendía, who was the head of this family, had impulsive personality, inquisitive, and always alienated himself from most men. In correspondence, most of his descendants inherited his character traits. After some years, the previously innocent village began creating numerous ties with other towns. ...

Introduction

At times, industries require the temperatures to be kept below the ambient for some processes to be effective. To do so, they must design ways to eliminate the excess heat generated by machines and introduce an artificial room temperature lower than the ambient. They must effectively eliminate temperatures above the ambient. A refrigerator is thus required in these operations. This refers to a device that can maintain the temperature below the ambient. The primary objective of a refrigeration process is to lower the temperature through heat removal. Since its invention, refrigeration has seen used in many industrial and household ...

Buddhism is a way of life that has always fascinated me. The principles of Buddhism and the philosophical elements have always attracted me to know more about the religion. This paper is an effort to elaborate why Buddhism is of interest to me as a student in religious studies. Buddha Shakyamuni is believed to be the founder of Buddhism. He lived and preached in the Indian subcontinent some two thousand five hundred years back. From that time onwards, a huge number of people from around the world have adopted the unpolluted spiritual route of Buddhism and the preaching based ...

Assignment 2

PART A - (Total 15 marks)

Cephalexin and Gentamicin The mechanism of action of amoxicillin is focused on the prevention of the synthesis of the bacteria’s cell wall through the binding and inhibiting of the cell wall transpeptidases (Katzung, Masters, and Trevor, 2012). Specifically, it attaches to the penicillin-binding protein 1A found in the cell wall of bacteria. Then, the agent disintegrates the lactam ring to allow the acylation of the penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase C-terminal domain. The formation of the cross-link of the linear peptidoglycan strands is prevented by the inactivation of transpeptidases. Since the third and last stage ...

There is the need to evaluate the community’s risk communication plan. The council members should allocate more resources for the process. The evaluation of the program determines whether the benefits of the communication plan is felt at the community level. The assessment establishes the ability of the plan to diagnose community problems and build trust between the public and the risk communicators. The process is also essential because it measures the capability of the risk assessment plan in creating awareness strategies (Ng and Hamby 3). These strategies enlighten the public, and they can handle any risks without many ...

Lab Memo: Cyclic Voltammetry: Identification and Quantification of Unknown Concentrations of Substituted Benzoquinones

1.Introduction

Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) measures the redox behavior of electeroactive species and is useful for a whole spectrum of molecules in inorganic chemistry, biochemistry, electrochemisty as well as organic chemistry. A voltammogram is the readout of the energy scan which can be used to determine unknown concentrations. Voltammogram wave shape is very different than in spectrometry and chromatography. The wave is triangular in shape because the y-axis describes the shift in the potential which is the voltage of a working electrode versus a reference electrode. The x axis describes duration in seconds. (Kissinger and Heineman).

Two samples each with an unknown concentration of benzoquinones were analyzed with the instrument, BASi Epsilon-EC.

2. Qualitative Determination of Unknown Samples ...

Experiment: Investigating the integumentary system.

Introduction Scientifically, the integumentary system consists of the skin and its appendages. It functions primarily as an outer protection for internal organs from bacteria. Superficially, the skin serves as a buffer to trauma. Its integrity decreases incidences of invasion by harmful organisms even when breakage occurs. (Martini 2009). Beside these basic functions, the integumentary system is also responsible for insulation by assisting in regulating body temperature; production of hair; excretion of waste through pores and a sensory station for the transmission of impulses when touched. Sensory receptors present within the subcutaneous layers are also pain transmitters. (Watson 2011)

Background to aims

However, ...