Essays on Decryption

Create a SQL query to generate a new database master key and certificate for the HandsOnOne database. Take a screenshot of the Query Editor after you have executed this SQL command to show that it was completed successfully. Construct a SQL query to generate a new symmetric key for encrypting data. The symmetric key should use the AES algorithm with a 256-bit key size, and it should be protected by the certificate you created in Step 2. Take a screenshot of the Query Editor after you have executed this SQL command to show that it was completed successfully. Construct ...

Cryptography can be simple described as “a technique of encoding and decoding messages, so that they cannot be understood by anybody except the sender and the intended recipient” (Godbole & Kahate, 2003). Symmetric and asymmetric encryptions are the two major technologies used by contemporary organizations to secure their data; hence offering particular advantages when compared. In symmetric key cryptography, encryption and decryption are executed using a similar key whereas two different keys are used for the mentioned purposes in asymmetric key cryptography. The encryption/decryption speed in symmetric key cryptography is considerably faster than that in asymmetric key cryptography. In comparison, ...

Background Study

Encryption is critical in ensuring that virtual security for users and administrators is ensured. In a retail store of the case study model, client information integrity is paramount. With a client base of 5,000 subscribers and downloads of confidential monthly payments, the need for a secure and high-level security level cryptography is paramount. In this paper, a report of the necessity encryption methods adoption by the electronic store is presented. Also, the paper offers the solution of the public key encryption supported by illustrative diagrams for the negotiation stage. As the chief of information technology at the electronics ...

Information System Security Plan for a Bank

Executive Summary The information security plan applies to AmeriBank, its auxiliaries, employees, information, system, processes, data, and networks collectively referred to as the Bank. AmeriBank is committed to protecting critical assets and securing information to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA) of the information, preventing damage to the network and systems that are vital to the bank’s business to ensure business continuity, and minimize risk to the businesses. This is achieved by implementing administrative, technical, and physical controls such as information security policies, software, and hardware controls, which have to be implemented, monitored, and improved upon to ...

Compare and contrast symmetric and asymmetric encryption

Comparison Both the symmetric and the asymmetric encryption are means of securing communication between parties, especially in an enterprise. They function through encryption of plaintext and decryption of ciphertext to promote data integrity, confidentiality, and authentication (Sasi, Dixon, and Wilson, 2014).

Contrast

The symmetric encryption uses the same key for both encryption and decryption operations. On the contrary, asymmetric encryption (public-key encryption) uses a pair of keys, one for the public and the other one for private use. The communication between parties only takes place when data encrypted with the public key corresponds to the owner of a specific private ...

Dozens of names cross the mind when considering a single individual who had significant impact on Western culture in the Age of Pluralism and Modernism. The 20th century began on January 1, 1901 and ended on December 31, 2000. During that time period, influential musical masters included B.B. King, Elvis Presley, and Michael Jackson. Scientists of the same time period counted Albert Einstein, Marie Curie, and Ivan Pavlov in their number. Sigmund Freud revolutionized the field of psychology, and while Adolph Hitler promoted war, Mahatma Gandhi promoted peace. While any of these people and many others may be considered ...

Introduction

The most malicious software cause damage that goes beyond simply infringing on the victims’ privacy. They usually seek to disrupt, steal and even cause some illegal actions on networks, data, and hosts. A common class of malware is the Trojan horse. Usually this class of malware tricks the user to think that it is a genuine software. Once the user interacts with it such by installing or opening it, it becomes activated and spreads into its targeted areas in the host. Trojans cause many damages, including creating a backdoor for its authors to gain access to one’s system. ...

What are the links to the two sources reviewed?

The major link between the sources reviewed is the issue as to whether the United States government can force an information technology provider - in this case Apple - to develop a decryption code specific to one particular mobile phone. The model, the iPhone5C, in question belonged to one of the main perpetrators of the San Bernardino, California massacre on December 2, 2016, (Berman & Nakashima, 2016). The assault was the largest terrorist attack on U.S. territory since September 11, 2001. What is the subject of these two articles and how are they related to one or more of the ...

Section 1: Foundation of the Study

The majority of business information is stored electronically, creating the need for a system of securing this information. As the systems providing computer and internet security becomes more and more complex, security is increasingly compromised. Interlopers and hackers continue to create new and more creative means of gaining entry to information stored on networks, and users are facing an increased number of security attacks. Surprisingly, despite the variety and amount of security risks, security tools designed to counter these are slow to develop appear for business consumption (Garcia-Teodoro et al, 2009). With the introduction of new technological trends, information technology ( ...

Introduction

For the purpose of the presentation, the company that will be the focus of this project is Amazon.com. Its central offering is online shopping where consumers are able to search for the items they’d like to purchase online. They are also able to pay for their purchases online and have the items delivered to their home. In this e-business, the categories of information that may need applications of cryptography are the users’ or consumers’ passwords and their credit card or checking account numbers.

Feasible Attacks

Some of the methods that hackers can use to attack e-commerce websites such as Amazon.com ...

Introduction

Security systems are undergoing development with the development of cryptographic protocols that help to secure these communications channels. There have been extensive researches that have been carried out to come up with better security mechanisms that will secure information systems. A cryptographic protocol is a protocol which makes use of cryptography so that they are able to achieve their goals, these goals could include sending private or public keys over the network. There are protocols that are used for securing security systems. This paper will focus on two protocols, NRL analyzer and Bellare-Rogaway model (Tanenbaum, 2003).

NRL analyzer

How it works

It ...

The use of computer has been a generic routine for personal and business purposes. It seems everyone rely on computers for convenience and other beneficial reasons. But not everyone is protected, the rising number of white-collar crimes happening in the cyber community points out the problem with data security and information assurance. Data security and information assurance are two different terms. The data security is a common term referred to as protecting all stored data in the computer from any acts of intrusion and unauthorized access to that information by individuals outside of the organization (Spamlaws.com N.D.). Information assurance on the ...

Introduction

Debit and credit cards are used by customers for post paid and pre-paid transactions respectively. They promote cashless society since individuals do not carry their money with them while going to shop. The holder of the cards can use them to either debit or credit their bank accounts at any transaction terminal where the holder will have to produce the card for reading confirmation through the assistance of the system of computer before the actual transaction can be completed. The debit card for instance is a payment method which can be accepted at the terminal of transaction using PIN or ...

Introduction

Throughout human history, there is an array of revolutionary technological innovations. One such innovation is cryptography that brought about a revolution in the society by facilitating privately encrypted messages. I got very much interested in this technology after learning that all the secured data transaction is encrypted. There are majorly two basic types of encryption used asymmetric and symmetric key encryption.

What is RSA encryption?

Symmetric key encryption has one weakness that its integrity is dependent on the exclusive sharing of its private keys. Here, different encryption scheme is needed that is asymmetric or public key encryption. Public key cryptography is a mathematical approach valuable ...

General definition

Public-key algorithm of cryptography, sometimes names as asymmetric cryptography. It is a class of cryptographic algorithms which uses two separate keys, one of which is known only by one side (secret or private) another one is available for publicity (public). These 2 keys are different, but they are connected with some mathematical operations. The public key is usually used to encrypt(code) data or to verify and confirm a digital signature. The private key is used to decode (decrypt) data or to create a digital signature. The term asymmetric describes this algorithm because different keys are used to run the ...

Information Technology Security

Information Technology Security

Q1: Describe in your own words the differences between steganography, digital watermarking, and digital rights management.

Advances in the field of technology have helped a lot in the drastic shift from traditional media to digital media while ensuring information security. These digital media include Digital Rights Management (DRM) methods Steganography and like Digital Watermarking. DRM helps in ensuring data security and has a varied array of systems. While DRM includes several methods like Encryption, Public/Private keys, Digital Certificates and Hashing, Steganography and Digital Watermarking are just one of the methods under DRM – Watermarking . Watermarking is a type of information hiding in order to protect intellectual property and insert a copyright indication within a material. Digital Watermarking ensure ...

The Fifth Amendment and Compelled Decryption

The first example is actually two cases that look at different sides to the same question, namely can a party be compelled to reveal the encryption passphrase to his computer or mobile device. In re Boucher, a federal case out of Second Circuit in Vermont, was the first case to address this this question. In Boucher, the defendant’s (Boucher) laptop was inspected as he returned from a trip to Canada. The laptop was on when it was inspected which allowed customs officials to see images of alleged child pornography on an open browser page. Boucher was arrested for the illegal trafficking ...

Introduction

Cryptography is a mathematical technique for encrypting and decrypting data. Cryptography enables one to store and transmit sensitive information across public insecure networks so that no one else can access the information apart from the authorized persons, i.e., the sender and the intended recipient (Martin, 2012). Cryptography uses a cryptographic algorithm. A cryptographic algorithm is a mathematical function used during the encryption and decryption process. The algorithm works together with a key to transform plaintext into encrypted text. The security of encrypted information depends on two things: the secrecy of the key used and the strength of the cryptographic algorithm employed (Stallings, 2013).

Question 1

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(Institution Name)

Introduction

A virus is a program capable of self-replication. Most viruses tend to be parasitic by nature. It can attach itself to any file or object and can be transmitted to another computer. The virus, once activated, looks for another suitable carrier to attach itself to transfer. By nature, viruses and worms are similar, in the sense that they both can replicate. Unlike a virus, a worm does not need a host to latch on to and can be transmitted by initiating telecommunications. . However, there are several intermediate forms that resemble both viruses and worms, and these terminologies can be used interchangeably ...

A security risk within the context of data communication is described as any action of inaction that poses a threat to the integrity and security of data communicated between a sender and a receiver. Security threats in communication are all too real and pervasive and mischief makers always try to exploit the vulnerabilities of system design and architecture in order to perpetrate illegal activities. As the waves of the threats increase, different methods and techniques are also deployed in order to guarantee the security and integrity of data exchange. Some of the techniques involve the protection of networks from unwanted data traffic ...

Internet Protocol Security

IPsec is the short abbreviation for Internet Protocol Security which is referred to as the protocol suite used in securing the Internet Protocol (IP) network communications through encrypting and validating each IP packet (data sent over the internet) of a communication session. Internet Protocol security comprises procedures and protocols used in establishing a reciprocated authentication or verification procedure between artificially intelligent agents at the commencement of the interconnection period and the intercession of cryptographic keys to be used by the network user during the given time lease period (Black, 2000). Internet Protocol security can be used in guarding data and ...

Mobile devices play a key role in mail investigations. This is true because most people synchronize all their data to the mobile devices and it is the most often used platform in accessing mails. A key risk in the application of handheld devices is the susceptibility to theft, breakdown or just normal loss. Since users will always walk around with their mobile devices, they are more prone to loss as opposed to desktop computers that are always in the offices. Loss of these devices means loss of crucial data. Wireless networks also lack some aspects of stability under given circumstances. ...

Technology

With reference to cryptography, block cipher is a mode of operation to provide information services like authenticity and confidentiality. It is meant for cryptographic transformations such as encrypting or decrypting the data/information of groups of fixed length referred to as a block. There is an unvarying transformation specified by a symmetric key. For bits of data that exceeds the size of a block, cipher’s block operation has to be applied repeatedly. Block cipher works on units of fixed block sizes, but messages may come in varying lengths. In that case the final block has ...

Abstract

The use of encryption and decryption techniques for securing communication is as old as the art of communication. Technically, a code is used instead of data which is a signal for intent to keep data secret. In order to recover the contents from an encrypted signal, accurate decryption key is needed. The key is basically an algorithm that is used to reverse the work of the encryption technique and get original form of data. There is always a potential threat from hackers to decode encrypted signal, to avoid such issues specialized intellectuals have worked hard and defended these threats by developing more ...

Introduction

Encryption can be defined as a process in which messages or the information are encoded in such a manner that hackers or eavesdroppers will not be able to access it. These encoded messages and information can only be read by the parties who are authorized in this respect. In encryption, the information or message (referred as plaintext) is encrypted by using an algorithm of encryption, turning the text into unreadable cipher text. This is generally done by an encryption key, which enumerates the way of encoding the text. A party, who has been authorized for encoding; however, is capable for decoding ...

In the American society, the privacy of the people as well as other individual rights are some of the things that are considered with utmost importance. However, there comes a time when these individual rights are withheld and the government or its agencies violates them. Below is an explanation of instances when the right to privacy of an individual can be infringed.

Privacy Rights

For a long time, America had been enjoying a period of peace and the security agencies did not have as much to worry about. However, this was bound to change after the 9/111 attack where the intelligence services as well ...

Introduction

Cryptography algorithms broadly refer to the techniques that are used for securing communication in the presence of adversaries. It mainly involves the construction and analysis of protocols that are aimed at overwhelming the effects of the third parties in a communication environment with the principal objective of ensuring data integrity, confidentiality and authentication (Mutyaba, 2010). RSA is an example of a public key cryptographic algorithm that was developed by Rivest, Shamir and Adleman, whereby the key that is used for encrypting the message is not same with the key that is used for decrypting the message although they are related. The ...

COMPUTER SECURITY AND CRYPTOGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION

Computer security is very vital in the setting of any organization. The organizations’ information systems need to be protected from both physical and software attacks. The physical attacks can include: theft, fire and natural disasters. Software attacks can include but not limited to: viral attacks, hacking and any other form of intrusion into the organization’s information systems. Computer security should be prioritized in every organization that wants to be successful in its activities. There are several ways of protecting information and data in the computer systems at different levels. One of the most commonly used methods is ...

Most users would not follow the listed guideline because most of them want to have easy to remember passwords, one would wish to use his phone number or spouse name because they are guaranteed not to forget, unlike long passwords short passwords are much easier to memorize and incase it is forgotten it might not take long before its remembered.

Changing of passwords every time might look cumbersome in order to avoid this user might be tempted to only use the same kind of password all the time. Use of the same password every time a user logs in to a ...

Introduction

Invading the privacy of businesses, institutions, and people, social engineering creates criminal acts using telephones, illegally accessing private information via computer accounts called "hacking", stealing bank account information, as well as eavesdropping are social engineering crimes. Two types of social engineering exist, including, human and technological based (Peltier, 2010). Social engineering uses deception, manipulating people into giving them personal information including social security and bank account numbers (Halles, 2008). Social engineers use tactics to extract private information including appealing to people's vanity, authority, look, over peoples' shoulders while entering pin numbers, and eaves drop. In his article, "Mitigating the ...

1. Process Management – an operating system manages various activities which include system and user programs. The system programs include file servers, name servers, printer spoolers, among others. In process management, an operating system performs the following activities: i. Process communication mechanisms

ii. Process synchronization mechanisms

iii. Deadlock handling mechanisms

iv. Both the creation and deletion of system and user processes

v. Both the suspension and the resumption of processes.

2. Memory Management: - the main activities of an OS here include

i. Allocation and de-allocation of memory space

ii. Decision making on the processes to be loaded in ...