Essays on Deontology

Ethics & Corporate Responsibility at the workplace and the World

All companies big or small have a responsibility towards its stakeholders for ethical execution of its operations so as not to hurt their interests or trust in the company. These responsibilities exceed beyond the workplace and must focus on improving the working and living conditions of its workers and other stakeholders. This paper is an attempt towards addressing the issues in Ethics and CSR with reference to a pharmaceutical company, PharmaCare with its Head Office at New Jersey. It is reputed to produce life saving and life improving drugs and is ethically inclined towards poorer sections of society to ...

Introduction

“Ethical Leadership is defined as "the demonstration of normatively appropriate conduct through personal actions and interpersonal relationships, and the promotion of such conduct to followers through two-way communication, reinforcement and decision-making" [and] the evidence suggests that ethical leader behavior can have important positive effects on both individual and organizational effectiveness”

Background

Ethical leaders encourage their followers to model their behaviours by communicating their standards and use rewards as well as discipline to promote suitable and unsuitable behaviours. Brown et al. (2005), who first quoted the above definition for ethical leadership, had implied implicitly that, the leader’s intent is never ...

Organ donation and transplantation are notable hallmarks in medicine. Medical advancements are significantly confronting complicated conditions through organ transplantation and related practices such as grafting. Over the years, the procedures have grown and developed. However, organ donation and transplantation are surrounded by various ethical and legal issues. This paper discusses these issues in detail and elicits the relationship between them. The analysis is in line with both the support and opposition of organ donation and transplantation, particularly in Australia. The paper will also provide my personal stance and the final ethical decision by leveraging several theoretical perspectives – deontology, consequentialism, ...

The high percentage of death in intensive care unit is always attributed to the withdrawal of life support machine. In Australia, research shows that a significant proportion of deaths that occurred in the intensive care unit preceded a decision supporting the withdrawal of the life support and this is a case in many countries across the globe including Australia. Withdrawal of life support refers to the process of discontinuing critical care treatment for a patient who is terminally ill, and the decision can be made by the family, government or doctor (Way, Anthony, & Curtis, 2002). The family can make ...

Introduction

Ethics came from the Greek word ‘ethos,’ or character. In the modern context, ethics refer to the study of normative behavior. It is commonly understood as standards of behavior that ought to be followed under certain circumstances and the moral reasoning behind such actions. Ethics does not necessarily make people do good; nor is it an attribute that is only exclusive for good people. In fact, there are good people that exhibit unethical behavior, especially when under pressure. Professor and author, Denis Collins, for instance, observed that there are many good individuals who engage in unethical behavior because they ...

Utilitarianism can be described as a moral look and defined by consequentialism. It is an ethical theory which states that maximization of utility results in the best action. The utility can be described in different ways, and it mostly terms the well-being of the human beings. According to Jeremy Bentham, who is the founder of utilitarianism, the utility is the addition of all pressure resulting from an action; deduct the suffering of an individual involved in an action (Brian, 1957). The consequences of the action can either be good or bad, and utilitarianism insists of equality interests. Both Bentham ...

Introduction

An agreed definition of dementia is a syndrome caused in most cases by an array of illness which affects memory, reasoning, ability to carry out daily duties and communication skills. Ethical concerns not only on issues of dementia but throughout nursing practice are a pivotal point for the practice. The condition of dementia raises some ethical issues during treatment as the diseases affects a person’s ability to make sound decisions by themselves without assistance. Ethical issues in caregiving to patients with dementia come in different shape and sizes. For example, questions arise on whether a nurse should give ...

People go through various stages of life, from infancy to old age. Society installed policies and programs to ensure that individuals and family members are able to support and sustain these stages of growth. One of the programs earmarked to support the elderly sector of the population is Medicare. It is unethical to provide partial access to elderly care, especially in terms of subsidizing caretaking costs. The purpose of the elderly care program, of which Medicare is one of the supporting institutions, is to ensure that each and every citizen reaching the age of 60 years and above would ...

Educational affiliation

Abstract Corporate Social Responsibility and Ethics The paper analyses the role of the ethics and corporate state responsibility in the terms of the automotive industry. The study is to evaluate the role of the local ethics and the Corporate Social Responsibility in the process of the international development of the automotive industry. The key objectives are to evaluate the roles of these two concepts, find out the role of the customers’ awareness of the unethical behavior, and describe the patterns of change. The study validates why the car industry should focus on the ethical considerations and the CSR. This ...

Given the strategic nature of the situation, it is undoubtedly a hard decision to make. Firstly, in order to make an informed decision, it is important to identify and understand the ethical dilemma. Secondly, it is essential to consider the dilemma in the light of various ethical lenses, in order to decide the best approach. The following sections include an explanation of the ethical dilemma and application of three ethical models to the situation.

Ethical Dilemma

On the other hand, if I were honest with the employee, I would be foregoing my professional obligation. As a result, the employee will be ...

Assignment 2: Employment-At-Will Doctrine

Abstract Employment-At-Will Doctrine states that states that an employee or an employer can decide to end the employment contract with or without a prior notification. A workplace has a lot of complications and requires some rules and regulations to govern it. Admittedly, there are some exceptions that limit the full application of the employment at will doctrine as the exceptions challenge it. The paper will expound three major exceptions including public policy exception, implied contract and the Implied Covenant of Good Faith and Fair Dealing. Additionally, a case scenario involving employees of a company and the bosses will be ...

Philosophy Questions

1. Ross’ s Moral Theory is considered to stand between Kant’s strict deontological theory and theological theory of utilitarianism. According to the philosopher, there existed several prima facie duties that people had to hold in respect if they did not contradict one another. In case they conflicted, human’s intuition would help to make the right choice and find the weightiest and the most important duty. Ross stated that any prima facie obligation could be redefined by more important ones. While Kant saw all obligations absolute and exceptionless, Ross allowed maximization of the good as one of the ...

Introduction

According to Trevino & Nelson (2011, p. 35), fraud does not happen as a coincidence. To be specific, fraud in organizations is usually premeditated and has to happen in the right conditions and members of the organization in authority often set these conditions. As such, identifying the root causes of fraud, which is called fraud deterrence, should be one of the priorities of corporate governance. Since fraud has been a common menace in the history of organizational management, various strategies, government regulations, and acts have been developed to prevent the occurrence of fraud (Giroux, 2013, p. 32). These procedures cover ...

Immigration Reform in the U.S.: A View Through the

Introduction to Ethics and Social Responsibility Immigration Reform in the U.S.: A View Through the

Introduction

The United States of America, a country so poetically nicknamed to be “a melting pot” of cultures, has always been a more than desirable destination for the immigrants from all over the world. However, as the “times of economic uncertainty and social transformation have complicated American ideas about national and racial identity and have raised moral dilemmas concerning America’s obligations to immigrants from neighboring countries” (Duncan, 2007), the current U.S. immigration policy has started ...

Introduction

Scientific discoveries and advances have yielded a broad range of technological applications that can be utilized in business settings. Today, business entities can make use of technology to reach their goals more efficiently and comprehensively than any other time in history. Computers are playing a significant role in modern business transactions. Cell phones, GPS, the Internet, and other technological marvels are transforming the way business is conducted. However, these advances are creating new scenarios that come with new ethical challenges. When technology begins to infringe the rights of an individual, then it borders on becoming unethical. Today, computers and ...

Philosophy

Question 1 Kant talks about two kinds of imperatives that create groundwork for metaphysics of morals. The two kinds of imperatives that Kant talks about include; hypothetical and categorical imperatives. Hypothetical imperative focuses on the consequences of an action that a person takes. A person can lie to save a life which is allowed under the hypothetical imperative. On the other hand, categorical imperative is the moral obligation that is absolute. Categorical imperative focuses on people acting on a principal that is deemed rational to all people in the society. According to Kant’s deontological ethics, morality is measured ...

Immigration Reform in the U.S.: A View Through the

Immigration Reform in the U.S.: A View Through the

Introduction

The United States of America, a country so poetically nicknamed to be “a melting pot” of cultures, has always been a more than desirable destination for the immigrants from all over the world. However, as the” times of economic uncertainty and social transformation have complicated American ideas about national and racial identity and have raised moral dilemmas concerning America’s obligations to immigrants from neighboring countries” (Duncan, 2007), the current U.S. immigration policy has started to age and cause concerns. Old ...

Introduction

Electronic health documentation (EHR) was introduced under the 111th American Recovery and Reinvestment Act in 2009. The aim was to achieve an electronic health record for every citizen of the USA by the year 2014. The technological change in the nursing field has been met with both accolades and criticism. Those who endorse the method of recording patient information argue that it is safer and more convenient relative to the traditional paper method. The critics argue that the method is open to abuse by the hospital administrators and can be shared without the consent of the owners. Among these ...

Business Ethics – Liberalism

Introduction Liberals and conservatives always argue in political and economic matters. This split has its root in many aspects of society including the conduct of modern businesses and business ethics. Business ethics refer to the proper business practice and policy regarding a potentially controversial issue. The purpose of this paper is to examine the concept of business ethics in detail and review how liberal (utilitarianism) and conservative (deontological) ideologies come together to shape business ethic problems.

Every business provides a solution to the society. Thus, organizations take inputs from the society, process it and offers it to the public ...

My life has been both exciting and immensely challenging. I have had to make difficult decisions, even simple ones that turned out to be hurtful to other people. Most importantly, I have seen how other people’s unethical conduct has been hurtful. The memories of investors that lost their life savings in the Enron and Bernie Madoff scandals will live with me for years to come, and so will my utter disgust at the conduct of the men and women that were responsible for them. I am not entirely proud of all decisions that I have made in my ...

Fearing that there could be dire implications towards the nation’s democratic ideals, many people in America have aired their criticism regarding state laws that bans felons from voting. Law professor and New York Times columnists, Janai S. Nelson, criticized the practice as ‘anti-democratic’ and discriminatory. In a New York Times article dated April 2016, Nelson stated that the running policies of felony disenfranchisement in the United States are comparable to “ the antiquated laws that excluded women, people of color and the poor from the ballot box,” which, according to Nelson, is “an anti-democratic tool with a sordid history ...

Organizations that behave ethically are more apt to earn the trust of their customers, employees, and stockholders and to have a reputation as successful, competent and responsible professionals. It is important that organizations follow strict guidelines aimed high standards of quality, reliable services, high professionalism, social responsibility and ethical behaviour it their activity – only that way they can bring benefits to their clients, staff members and shareholders. The main ethical principles that each organization must follow in its activity are decency (avoidance of illegal and unethical practices), honesty (the urge to be honest with themselves, team members, customers and ...

As with any significant new technology, drones have changed the human experience. Nevertheless, it is important to also take into account the ethical aspects that these modifications may have on humanity. In this sense, one of the greatest factors would be the invasion of privacy, which drones allow in a more discreet manner. Furthermore, they may also be used for wars, helping combat enemy troops from far away, without having to sacrifice one’s own men. As expected, this would lead different ethical theories to have various positions on the subject, especially deontology and utilitarianism. As a whole, paradoxically ...

German Philosopher Immanuel Kant views of morality were centered on the principle of good will. Kant defines good will as “the concept of a faculty of action according to a conception of universal law” (Deontology pg 9). This encompasses the belief that one’s motive is the determining factor in whether or not an individual possesses good or bad morals and, not the outcome of his actions. Thus, an individual who possesses good will shall only make decisions that they believe to be morally worthwhile regardless of the gains to be had or the possible outcomes. This is what ...

Objectivist Traditions and Application

Philanthropists’ Dilemma The case of two philanthropists who must decide whether their mother (nearing complete brain death and whom doctors believe is in moderate pain) should continue her life is challenging to ponder. She has a 5% chance of meaningful recovery, being ill with terminal cancer and senility. Objectivists stand on both side, all sure of their own moral justification. Deontological theories, split up into agent-centered or patient-centered theories, are useful to contrast their compelling views in the morally hazardous Delshondra situation. These two differ in that the former focuses on each individual agent’s personal morality dilemmas and ...

Ethics

Introduction Moral decisions will require moral deliberation and reasoning, which usually take place with particular perspectives, three of which are critically important. These are: virtue ethics, deontology, and utilitarianism. One similarity of these three principles is that they are required for moral decisions making.

Virtue Ethics

Virtue ethics majorly focuses of what makes the character traits of individuals (Slote, 2006). It dictates that a person will act in a certain way not because of the consequences that may come later but rather because it is what a virtuous person is expected to do. Here, the person is responsible for the decision-making ...

Introduction

Banking is a major part of most modern nations. This is because they form as the point for an organized financial sector and allow for regulations to be applied and carried out. In spite of this, banks have been used as a tool for capitalism and the pursuit of personal interests and this has led to serious consequences for the economy. However, Parramore indicates that the idea of bailing out banks during financial crisis is a fraud on the taxpayers and this is akin to robbery. The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze the position of Parramore ...

Alexander (2007) tells us that duty ethics, or deontology, is a normative theory regarding what people should do, rather than what they should be. Hence, duty ethics is chiefly concerned with actions people take, rather than the consequences stemming from those actions. Deontology, in broad strokes, posits that if an action is right in principle, then there is no moral obligation forbidding that action – it need not be avoided, regardless of consequences. Deontological theories are best understood in contrast to their consequentialist counterparts (Alexander, 2007). Consequentialism dictates that actions or intentions ought to be judged by the state of ...

Introduction

In spite of the unstoppable growth of technology, the hardware market remains one of the most competitive segments of the economy. While the demand is remaining relatively stable, the number of suppliers is dramatically increasing, especially in the light of the fact that large USA-based manufacturers started to open numerous development centers in the third-world countries, where qualified, but cheap labor is available. Furthermore, the practice demonstrates that more local hardware developers emerge on the business landscapes of those countries, making the competition climate for the companies from the USA more intense. Rachel, a Quality Assurance Engineer of a ...

Deontology is an ethical branch dealing with good activities, duties, and right obligations. It originated from a Greek word deon meaning duty. Abortion makes people take sides thus causing polarization of individuals, especially opportunists such as politicians and the liberals. Liberals and feminists use the utilitarian argument while politicians use the deontological positions. Deontological approach uses moral actions and duties to murder those practicing abortion. However, pregnancy interruption before birth is viewed from different angles and ethical conclusion from different perceptions are allowed from various rights and theories. Deliberate determination of pregnancy has been a discussion over the years. ...

Issues in Law, Ethics and Corporate Governance: A Case Study of PharmaCARE’s Activities in Colberia

Issues in Law, Ethics and Corporate Governance: A Case Study of PharmaCARE’s Activities in Colberia As the PharmaCARE case scenario reveals, a number of multinational companies have more often than not found themselves being heavily vilified globally for their failure in social responsibilities, corporate governance and ethics. This has particularly been the case with mining companies in oil and other mineral rich countries in Africa whereby these companies have exploited the vulnerability of the local populations to their business advantage. Their business activities have led to serious environmental destruction and pollution, raising major concerns about the health and ...

In this case, IBM developed the dial-up-era dinosaur programme which was developed with the aim of connecting the customers with the company through the social media networks. This however, was similar to a similar product that had been developed by The Groupon Ltd. Groupon went further to obtain a patent to bar the other companies from using the similar product. This product as per the business ethics were said to be unfair in terms of being unfair to Groupon since it had the patent to the product (Vanian, 2016). The case brought before the court is one which was ...

Q.1 Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), a German philosopher, is known for his moral philosophical theories that define human behavior, moral standards or requirements and consequences of such behavior. Central to his deontological moral theories is the aspect of human reason which he argues is the source of morality and which should guide human conduct and experience. Referred as the Kantian ethics, these theories may be relevant in modern policing practices.

Kant’s Moral and Ethical Theories

Immanuel Kant developed the deontological moral theory through which he argued that the decision as to what is right or wrong, that is ethical, with reference to human actions, ...

Introduction

PhamaCARE is a top tier pharmaceutical manufacturing company with programs that aim at solving medical problems for poor people through discounts and partnerships. Based in New Jersey, PhamaCARE has operations across the world, and presence in an African country, Colberia. Most people in Colberia live below poverty line, and they are ready to do anything for a living, no matter how lowly it pays.

Scenario and Stakeholders

PhamaCARE has struck a deal with traditional healers in Colberia that will get them exchanging knowledge about their medical herbs with the company. The arrangement has opened opportunities for thousands of people, who rummage in ...

[Class Title]

Introduction The novel, ‘City of Thieves’ by David Benioff, presents an opportunity to analyze the concept of masculinity under the circumstances of war. What is significant in this literary work is that manliness emerges under extreme adversity, which is often considered as the very test of being a man. Although Benioff’s ‘City of Thieves’ is fictional, the circumstances are realistic and is based on a historical incident that happened around six decades ago in Leningrad, which is the present day St. Petersburg in Russia. Becoming a man is one of the most confusing rhetoric there is. ...

Business

Stakeholders Stakeholders are people or organizations who have an interest in or are affected by any policy or action of an organization. Stakeholders have a number of key characteristics. They may be characterized by their interest or stake in the company. They may also have the potential to contribute to the successful conduct of business for an organization. They can further be characterized by the decision making power they have on the activities of the company (Schmeer, 1999). Stakeholders in the case of PharmaCare are discussed in following paragraphs. Shareholders. The shareholders in PharmaCare would be interested in profits, ...

An Assignment Submitted by

Analyze the bioethical issues found within the scenario It has to be noted that Matt’s case presents a controversial ethical and legal situation that has a potential to affect the medical facility, its workers, as well as the family members. There are several bioethical issues involved in the case. First of all, there is a disagreement between the desire of a family to resuscitate their son and the judgment of the physician not to proceed with this procedure due to the low chances that the patient will eventually wake up. Secondly, the nurse finds it morally difficult to ...

The four moral theories of standard consequentialism, moderate consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics are the ones that have been examined throughout the course. The reading material for the class include the writing of Don Marquis and Michael Sandel whose articles will be used to analyze which type of moral theory each author is most likely to be coming from. Marquis wrote a piece on abortion, titled “Why Abortion is Immoral?” While Sandel wrote about gene modification in a piece titled, “A Case against Perfection?” Based on the argument presented by Marquis, I would be inclined to say that he ...

The film our group watched to complete this assignment was the 2006 crime drama The Departed, starring Leonard DiCaprio, Matt Damon, Martin Sheen and Jack Nicholson (The Departed). Beginning in the first few minutes and continuing to the end, our group found a number of ethical issues and dilemmas. One of the most significant ethical issues that our group found was the decision by the seemingly moral and ethically strong police officer Qeenan to persuade the new police recruit Billy Costigan to infiltrate the local mob. Qeenan’s recruitment of Costigan, presents a number of interesting ethical questions such ...

Analysis of an Ethical Dilemma.

Abstract The ethical decision-making process paper focuses on the ethical guidelines for national and multinational organizations. With the business management and organizational planning and objectives, it is becoming paramount that employee human and labor right be in harmony with every prospectus developed by the firms. Contemporary issues that face employees are being reviewed and addressed such the human rights and labor relations guideline. The paper focus on rights of workers based on the ethical dilemma related to off the clock working. The decisions made at the management level must always ensure that they adhere to professional code of ethics ...

The ethical dilemma

At any point in the care process, especially in matters that involve severity of illnesses and end-of-life care, patients, families and nurses may find themselves at a point where they cannot agree on matters that relate to the ethics and morality of the processes and procedures to be accorded. In the contemporary healthcare settings, patients and families are entitled to culturally competent care which is characterized by the consideration of the beliefs, values, perceptions and faith (Gastmans, 2013). These are considered to influence the spirituality, healing and restoration which is a critical element of the holistic healing process that ...

Utilitarianism postulates that a moral act should be that which aims to produce a good result for all in the society. Borrowing from the utility principle, a moral good is achieved by having a rational balance between a something which is not moral but is good that having something which is not moral but evil (Mill 2006). According to utilitarians, an act is morally good when it produces the greatest margin of good course but for all in the society. This means that utilitarianism seeks to ensure the general good than individual good. To this effect, every moral decision ...

1. In your own words, provide a concise formulation of Utilitarianism. In particular, explain the reasons Bentham and Mill give in support of it. In your own words, provide a concise formulation of Kant’s deontological ethics. In particular, explain the role of the Categorical Imperative in Kantian ethics. In light of the criticisms offered of both accounts, which account is more plausible? Explain why. (70 marks.) Within Utilitarianism it is believed that there is a moral obligation to attain the best world possible. In order to do so, it is necessary to ensure that harm, or what would ...

Introduction

Upholding ethical principles is essential to the maintenance of peace in any community. Precisely, the nature of people’s conduct in any organization is essential to the success of the institution. As such, people can determine how ethical or unethical we are by assessing our behaviours. According to Guerrette, Ethics is the philosophical study of the principles that govern the conduct of people in society [1]. Our actions can, therefore, be said to be ethical if they are praiseworthy and unethical if they are blameable. Ethics, therefore, tries to make a distinction between what is right and wrong. This ...

Epicurus viewed death as annihilation. He observed that people fear death because they think they will have unpleasant life after death. He says this fear can be removed when a personal understands death as an annihilation since the atoms that make life disperse after death. He thinks that death is neither harmful for the people who are living nor to the dead. This, he argues, is because the living are not dead while the dead do not exist. He also thinks that when people anticipate death it is erroneous for them and irrational since there is no life after ...

During the 1960s and the 1970s, there was high demand for compact, low cost cars in the US. Ford Motor Company was threatened by stiff competition from Volkswagen Beetle. Consequently, it rushed its then newly designed Ford Pinto into the market with blatant disregard for the safety of its customers. The car became notorious for accidents occasioned by rare-end collisions at a speed of over 30 miles per hour. The fuel tank would rupture and burst into flames leading to casualties and in some cases fatalities among the passengers (Tenbrunsel & Bazerman, 2011). It took so long for the decision ...

Introduction

The cloning is one of the contemporary controversial topics. The development in this area has been made through the history and there are various positive and also negative effects connected with it. Public opinion is not crystallized on the cloning topic where some are in favor and others against. The paper will provide information that cloning can have both negative and positive impacts, and that the knowledge in the public about the issue is insufficient which results in negative attitudes towards it. The thesis of the paper is that despite its therapeutic uses, cloning for the purpose of reproduction ...

Obtaining Patient’s Informed Consent

Most nurses are faced with a dilemma in nursing practice on whether to seek clients consent before administering for some medicine or nursing procedures. It is important for nurses to uphold patient consent and seek for their opinion before applying certain healthcare procedures and medications. The patient should be made aware of the choices that are possible and given a chance to choose what is best for them. The nurses should only withhold the principle of the patient consent when the client is incapacitated. Many occasions' nurses are faced with this dilemma of seeking the customer consent and sometimes ...

Introduction

Mining activities can pose serious environmental and health implications. Although, these environmental and health hazards can be mitigated and effectively managed through sound engineering and environmental practices, these environmental and health issues associated with mining operations could not be totally eradicated. In general, there are three major players in the mining industry: the company, which include the employees and the stockholders; the regulatory bodies, which include the government and other national and international environmental organizations; and the community, which are not directly related to the mining industry, but is impacted by its operations. Each one of these stakeholders has ...

Customer Inserts name of instructor:

(28th March 2016)

Introduction

Generating profits from products made through the use of asbestos is unethical. Organizations have a responsibility to guarantee the safety of employees. Secondly, it is unethical to knowingly expose an employee to a harmful chemical. Employees have a right to a workplace environment that does not lead to safety issues. Recklessness and disregard for the safety of employees mean that corporations are only interested in profits but not the life and safety of employees. Furthermore, Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) engage in unethical practice by trying to stop victims from being compensated. My argument is ...

Bioethics in a Changing World

Bioethics is defined as the study of morality and ethics in biomedicine and addresses some issues related to the medical field and their potential impact on the community. Its practice dates back to the Greek Hippocratic Oath and has evolved based on development in new bioethical guidelines (Goldim, 2009). This practice utilizes various tools to define solutions to morality issues. Five major theories applied in bioethics include deontology, utilitarianism, justice theory, virtue ethics, and care ethics. The Deontology theory entails W.D. Ross and Immanuel Kant. According to Ross, actions are right because they fulfill duties. Kant supports this by ...

Ethics is the accepted code of conduct (principles of wrong or right) that control the behavior of an individual, an organization or group of a profession. It is always considered to be a factor of variation in politics, economic growth, culture and legal systems. Particular practices might be unethical when viewed by other countries' standards. Most common ethical issues are related to human rights, labor standards, and financial standards, accounting standards, environmental regulations, moral obligations, and corruption. The international business setting, through its economic and cultural diversity, time and again exposes foreign executives to significant challenges. On a short ...

Deontological ethics is premised on the fact that an action is either right or wrong (Fraser, 2011). Duty-based ethics examines the action on its premises and its ethical code without considering the intention behind the action or the results that it produces. Philosopher Kant as a proponent of deontological ethics maintained that focus should be on the ethics of the action itself and not the ethics of its consequences(Fraser, 2011). Utilitarianism, on the other hand, is a consequentialism moral theory, focusing on the effects of an action rather than the action itself. Utilitarianism judges the ethics of an ...

The moral reasoning that falls under the philosophy of Utilitarianism states that a course of action is morally right if greater benefits result than there is harm for the entire population. The end product of greater benefit takes precedence over the morality of how the result was accomplished, as in “the end justifies the means”. Founder Jeremy Bentham’s motto was “The greatest good for the greatest number” (Pitts 65). Deontology is a philosophy that believes that the method of achieving a result should be ethical in addition to the outcome. Unlike Utilitarianism, the morality of a beneficial result ...

Equal Pay For Equal Work

Introduction: Society is based on the rule of law, which requires the moral and ethical judgment of those within to ensure that justice can be implemented in the most beneficial way. In a society in which people are not given equal opportunities and specific individuals are given advantage over others there can be no equality. This is especially true for the issue of equal pay. The concern with this idea is that when certain individuals are given a higher reward for the same amount of work as others it creates injustice. This injustice is based on the fundamental tenets ...

[Class Title]

Introduction The term ‘Social media’ refer to internet services that “allow users to participate in online exchanges, contribute user-created content, or join online communities” (Dewing 1). Social media has become the driving force behind the popular use of the internet today. Unarguably, social media has become an important communication tool among online users and has an enormous potential in personal and business related applications. There are, for instance, different types of social media applications that are commonly used today. The blogs, the wikis, the social networking sites, virtual world content and media-sharing sites are just among the ...

Question 1

Speaking about ethical issues, one cannot say that this or that issue is more important or more problematic and should be addressed immediately. All ethical issues become problematic and important at the very moment they appear. However, out of given case studies I would like to speak about people, customer confidence and voicing your values issues not because I find them the most problematic out of all given, but because of the fact that, to my opinion, people face them more frequently than another issue due to everyday work and cooperation with other people and communication with customer and ...

Duty ethics or deontology is concerned with the actions of people, not the outcomes. It is the normative ethics that judges the morality of actions based on their adherence to a specific rule or a set of rules. In the terms of business, it means that employees justify their behavior by honoring organizational policies and procedures. There are four primary duty theories. The first is avered by Samuel Pufendorf in a bygone era of 17th century. He categorized dozens of duties into three subsections as duties towards God, self, and others. He further pigeonholed "duties towards others" into two ...

Introduction

There are business transactions that were reported to have been undertaken without due adherence to ethical standards. Business ethics has been regarded as essential in each and every dealing to avoid animosity and conflicts. One of the ethical dilemmas that continue to pervade contemporary settings pertain to marketing to children. In an article entitled ‘Marketing to Children: Accepting Responsibility’ written by O'Brien (2011), the author presented ethical concerns regarding the need to assume due responsibility and accountability for some advertisements that are directed to children. As evident, some of the advertisements, especially those promoted by fast food chains like ...

Introduction

Ethics is a broad concept that impacts individuals and organizations alike. Over the years, many scholars have tried to study ethics and determine its importance in organizational settings and most agree that there is a strong link between ethics and organizational success. Ethics is especially significant in the context of the hospitality industry due to the nature of its operation. The hospitality industry, for instance, deals directly with different types of people in the delivery of their products and services; people who have different sets of values that can impact the company’s operation and culture. In the face ...