Essays on Deoxyribose

1) Proto-Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes are two types of genes that ordinarily keep the cell cycle functioning as it should. Explain the roles of these two types of genes, and explain what can occur when these types of gene are not working properly. Provide at least two different examples of cancers associated with mutations of these types of genes.

The purpose of the proto-oncogenes under normal circumstances is to make sure that cells proliferate, in other words the oncogenes stimulate cell production. But when a normal, healthy ocogene cell becomes mutated or expresses at higher than normal levels it causes cancer. The first oncogenic virus was discovered in 1916 and called the Rous virus after the person who discovered it, Peyton Rous. Rous viruses represent a family of viruses called the retro viruses. Retro viruses contain a genetic material called ribonucleic acid (RNA).

There is always the possibility that RNA will be transcribed into DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) by an enzyme of ...

Question 2

Non covalent bonds attach the paired bases that compliment each other. The bond serves a strengthening feature in attaching the complimentary pairs. The bases that are complimentary in the bases of a DNA are G= guanines, A= adenines, C= cytonines and T= thymines. The bonding process of bases is done when G bonds with C, T bonds with A. This is the rule for bonding of the DNA bases. These are strongly found between the base and nucleotides that are completed when the four bases interact to make a adenosine monophosphate (Audesirk, et al., 2011).

Structure of the DNA 3

The polymer of the DNA is referred ...

Johann Friedrich Miescher was the first one to introduce us about his finding of an acidic substance which was weak in nature and was present in the nuclei of the WBC present in human beings and the first name given to this substance was “nuclien”. It took few more years for Miescher to research and find out the two components present in the unknown substance and they were “protein” and “nucleic acid”.

As the research on the nucleic acid progressed, it was found that they were the primary components present in chromosomes and a close analysis of the constituents revealed ...