Essays on Deviant

The idea of moral panic is one of the many socialist ideologies that have been subject of discussions and critical research by social scholars and scientists over the years. Moral panic has had its fair share of all-inclusive definitions, but perhaps the most revered one by social researchers is Stanley Cohen’s (1972). He indulges us with the idea that moral panic is sort of like an idealized scar in society, an unsettling social occurrence that offsets the socio-cultural balance, often triggered by what he labels as folk devils. In simplistic terms, it is the feat of social unrest ...

Introduction

The desire to conform to the norms is what makes the foundation of a civilized society. Social order, for instance, is a desired attribute that is founded on established written and unwritten rules that are being observed by most people within a society. Deviation from these established rules is considered as undesirable and people who deviate are considered as having abnormal qualities or malfunctioning (Merton, 2002, p. 672). There are instances, however, wherein some people are observed to deviate from the standard pattern of human behavior. This deviation has captured the interest of many social scientists and have been ...

In recent years, there has been much discussion among sociologists as to the nature of crime and whether or not it is socially constructed. Generally, crime is an action or behavior that defies criminal law, and the fact that laws vary from place to place and between cultures automatically supports the argument that crime is socially constructed. Some interesting arguments focus on those who have power to make such laws and their motivations for doing so. There is a legal distinction between crime and deviance, in that while deviance goes against social norms, it does not break any actual ...

In this week’s reading we examined the subject of the medicalization of deviance. While it might sound complex, the idea behind the medicalization of deviance is quite simple. In essence, it refers to the recatholicization of an uncommon behavior from being labelled or understood as deviant to being thought of as an illness. Accordingly, rather than classifying a person who is afflicted with the uncommon behavior as deviant, which can produce a wide range of negative reactions and actions from people not so afflicted; the person is deemed to be ill. Accordingly, as an illness is widely seen ...

The movie “Monster” leaves a viewer with the controversial thoughts about the focus of the film. On one hand – it is more than obvious that Aileen Wuornos, the former prostitute, has been justly condemned to the death sentence, taking to the consideration all the murders she has committed. On the other hand – Aileen Wuornos’s conscious has been harmfully injured after being repeatedly raped by her father’s friend. This so – called “event” has marked the beginning of her hate towards men. The catalyst, which has led to much deeper mental disorder and to murders as a disclosure of ...

There are many theories that have been developed to explain the presence of deviant and criminal behavior among some members of a population and not among others. There have always been people who disobey the law, commit crimes and work very hard to do the opposite of everyone else, in a self-serving or negative way. Some people will embrace deviant behaviors and others will not; criminal justice professionals have always worked hard to understand why that is? Some people believe that people who commit crimes do so because it is a result or consequence of how they are raised ...

INTRODUCTION

Criminal justice professionals and academics work to understand why some people engage in criminal behaviors and others do not. In other words, what makes a criminal into a criminal? There are many theories that have been developed to explain deviance or criminal behavior. Some believe that criminal behavior is a choice and are deserving of consequences, while others argue that some offenders are predispositioned for it; they are not entirely responsible for their actions. Two of those theories worthy of discussion are Social Control Theory and Subculture Theory. Social Control Theory argues that people turn to deviances and criminal ...

Criminology is a study that largely defines the detection and control of crime in a bid to control illegitimate character in the society. The two schools of thought – the classical school and the positivist school – have been an effective tool in the understanding and formulation of crime control strategies that the control of deviant behavior. Firstly, the classical school, which is an advancement of philosophers Cessare Beccaria and Jeremey Bentham in the 18th century was inclined on the utilitarian philosophy being a contributor to the development of prisons thereafter (Williams III & McShane, 2010, p. 41). The classical school philosophers ...

A sexual offender is a person who has committed a sex crime, which is punishable by law. Sex crimes, on the other hand, are determined by a particular area’s laws and jurisdiction and they determine whether a person’s actions fall under sexual offense or otherwise. In many countries, sex crimes are in fact major crimes which are kept side by side with other crimes like physical assault or breaking traffic rules. While some crimes committed by sex offenders are strictly sexual in nature, others might be those that are a violation of those who are chosen by ...

Introduction

Digital crimes include crimes committed on the internet as well as all types of crimes, perpetrated in the sphere of information and telecommunications systems. In this regard, the subject of the offense is all information resources and technologies, whereas the purpose of this violation is the criminal trespasses. In short, cybercrime regarding the non-legal intervention in the work of computers, software and computer nets as well as an unauthorized modification of any digital data refer to the legal categories, where the object of the crime is the information security, whereas the computer is the subject. If we consider cybercrime ...

Ethics in Accounting Profession

Facts: In the current scenario, the main issue is the deviant workplace behavior which is caused by the several workplace professional and ethical problems. On the basis of research, professionals are behaving unethical due to the certain routines in the organization. In the past, the demand and supply of the individuals were under control. However, in the current scenario, the professionals of the highest quality are facing workload. Moreover, the accounting professionals are expecting an increase in their salaries, according to the work load.

Ethical Issues:

The ethical problem with accountants in relation to the deviant workplace behavior is that it ...

A Report on Internet Misuse in Business Firms

Business organizations rely heavily on internet enabled systems in the present age. This has necessitated unrestricted use of internet in business firms, especially in creative area like graphic designing. This report addresses the same issue in a graphic design firm where the author works as an account manager. The firm is doing well and currently has a strength of 14 employees. However the owner is concerned about the unregulated use of the internet which allows the employees to download almost anything or view inappropriate web content in the workplace. The concern of the owner is justified because the irresponsible ...

This paper discusses self-control theory, which is proposed as a general theory of crime by Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990). These researchers argued that low levels of self-control explained criminal acts and criminal behavior, regardless of age, gender, race, time, or type of crime. They also argue that low levels of self-control is also the (main) explanatory variable in behaviors similar to criminal behavior, such as deviant behavior, anti-social behavior, and other risk-taking behavior including smoking and over-drinking (Gottfredson and Hirschi, 1990). Low self-control is something that is developed from childhood, at the stage at which self-control can be developed ...

Deviance in Music

Socialization may be defined as the culture development in a person, teaching the social values and norms to the individual. Socialization creates self-awareness how people should interact with the society (Clinard et al. 12). Deviance, on the contrary, is an antipathy from the usual values and norms of the society. An extreme emerging from Deviance is crime - when person deviates from a norm that is understood as a law (Clinard et al. 14). Socialization, deviance and crime are three important features of sociological study; they explain different behavior in society. Socialization is the process of how people perceive ...

Abstract

This writing will through light on Deviance. It will start with defining deviance as a sociological concept. Later on, briefly, David Email Durkheim’s Structural Functional Theory will be discussed. At the end, a contemporary example will be taken and the applicability of theory on the example/issue discussed will be discussed to effectively relevance of the issue with the theory. At the end of this reading, the reader would be able to effectively understand the concept of deviance and its contemporary example and how that can described using David Email Durkheim’s Structural Functional Theory.

Deviance

Any Act that violates ...

Coming from a poor, or a low income family usually means that their education options are limited to public schools whose resources are limited. Even if a student does well academically, often they will miss out on getting into a top college because the resources available to them that would help them get there are limited. On the flip side, students who come from wealthy families often have college funds that their parents have put aside for them. Because of this, they are able to attend the more expensive colleges. In the United States employers tend to value employees ...

Article readings.

The first quote as stated by Gratton & Erickson (2007) is that ‘although teams that are large, virtual, diverse, and composed of highly educated specialists are increasingly crucial with challenging projects, those same four characteristics make it hard for teams to get anything done.' This is a fundamental point that has been raised by the authors as they point out that in fact the aspects needed for the promotion of success are the same ones that would most likely undermine the intended success of any entity. This is because research has even proved that those who are found in the ...

Prediction of PCL-R Scores

Psychopathy is defined as a mental disorder that is normally characterised by an individual always carrying out his activities in a manner that is selfish and manipulative and they always lack remorse. In addition to this, they are always in most instances emotionally detached from the public in that, they are always anti-social and further have the callous-unemotional traits. It was further realised, that in cases that the an individual shows these traits, then he or she ends up not caring that much about the people around him or her.Over the years researchers have had in place various theses ...

Abstract

In the novel ‘Black Hole,’ teenagers who engage in sexual behavior contract a decision that leads to genetic mutations which are hard to conceal. The disease is a replica of the Aids Pandemic and the struggles which teenagers have to endure during their adolescent years. The importance of the study is to identify how teenagers in the book the black Hole relate to the youth in the current society. Teenagers experience hormonal imbalances which cause them to lose control and are mostly controlled by their sex drives. Sexual attractions are common during this developmental stage of life, and most ...

Social norm is a necessary and relatively stable element of social practice, which serves as a tool of social regulation and control. The social norm is embodied in the the laws, traditions, customs, ie around what has become a habit, firmly established in life, the lifestyle of the majority of the population, supported by public opinion, plays the role of "natural regulator" of social and interpersonal relations. When deviant behavior should be understood as an act of human action that does not correspond to an established or actually prevailing in the society norms.In most cases deviates from social norms ...

Deviant behavior

Deviant behavior means that a person behaves himself contrary to modern social moral and legal norms. It entails the isolation, treatment or punishment of a person who violated the rules. The activity of satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo is the best example of deviant behavior because it always shocks people and provides pictures that are contrary to commonly accepted rules and behaviors. Some people even try to deal with this problem and it was attacked in last January, 12 people including eight staff were killed. This magazine has marked the one-year anniversary since terrorists attacked its Paris. It depicted God ...

The US economy faces challenges of inequality with a big wealth and pay difference between the rich and the poor. This disparity is also experienced between the blacks and the whites, with most whites belonging to the upper economic classes, while the blacks belong to the poor economic classes. Inequality in the Unites States is the highest when compared to other countries which are on the same economic level such as the UK (Desilver, 2014). There is a wide gap between the rich and the poor in the United States. These facts have a significant impact on the health, ...

Introduction 3

History of Labeling Theory 4 Critiques of Labeling Theory 5 How Do Current Criminal Justices Policies Demonstrate an Application of the Theory to Practice? 7 Reflection 8 Conclusion 9

Reference List 10

Labeling Theory Introduction Labeling theory is the model of the ways, in which the self-distinctiveness and the performance of various people might be assessed or predisposed by the expressions applied to define or categorize them. This report will explore the strengths and weaknesses of labeling theory, along with the history of the labeling theory and its critiques. This concept is related to the notions of self-fulfilling insight and typecasting of ...

Rape is defined as a crime involving one person having sexual intercourse with another person without prior consent, which has most recently applied to male victims, but usually involves physical force or deception to get the victim to submit or become subdued. There are seven theories which describe and define deviant behavior including social control, functionalism, anomie, social disorganization, strain theory, critical theory, and stigma theory. It seems most likely the social control theory can better explain why rapists participate in their form of deviant behavior. This paper will analyze various articles discussing theories related to rapist behavior. The ...

“Poor single mother on welfare tell me how you did it?” rings the famous lyric of the late Rapper-Activist Tupac Amaru Shakur. The son of a former Black Panther, this ode to his mother provides a glimpse into the conundrum of surviving in the wake of being poor and black on public assistance. What Shakur unknowingly reveals is the image of welfare in a more empathetic and realistic way that illuminates instead of ignoring the lived realities of its recipients. While Shakur’s lyric is compassionate in it’s depiction, conservative lawmakers are less considerate in their elucidation of ...

The living environment shapes who people are. Naturally, in neighborhoods with a negative criminogenic environment, people often go deviant, and, when they do, it often is at a relatively young age. Researchers have gone to great lengths to study the underlying causes of delinquent behavior of young residents. Poverty appears to be one of the principal driving forces of offenders long with income disproportion, albeit to a far lesser extent. The blockade of opportunities or the means to achieve culturally acceptable norms in the society is also an important motivation. While race is not universally found to cause delinquency, ...

According to Merton’s strain theory, the set-up of the society is in a way that it promotes deviance by people. Merton argues that the structure of the society regarding accepted goals or norms that people have to achieve piles more pressure on the people to conform to the structure (Vito and Maahs 2011). Individuals have to adhere to society culture or be termed part of the deviant subculture. Merton’s view was that the society should be responsible for the provision of resources or support to the people to enable them attains cultural goals. The lack of support ...

(Professor/Instructor) (College/University/Institute)

The digital revolution that reached its peak in the second part of the 20th century pervades its influence on every facet of the global society. One of the effects of a society impacted by this evolution is the faster access to data and the availability of the global community to that information. Nonetheless, there is another instance that is changing the operation of contemporary society-extremism. Examining all of its contemporary features, extremism is posing a two-pronged threat; one, it impacts the global community and two, terrorism impacts the changes that society will undergo. It is only after ...

The Gender Discrimination in Criminal Justice System

Introduction Traditionally, women have not been viewed as criminals because of their less aggressive nature, making the act of crime to be mainly associated with the male gender. There are several theories brought forth to explain why the female gender would, or would not engage in crime. The theories, however, do not provide satisfactory explanations to the phenomenon leading to counterarguments. Also, the criminal justice of the United States of America has been viewed as discriminatory because it fails to address the gender needs of female offenders whose number has increased over time. This essay discusses the historical perspectives, ...

One of the leading trends in the economic theory of crime and punishment has become an economic analysis of organized crime. Prohibition era has led to an increase in crime and the formation of a huge number of organized criminal groups of black and significant enrichment of crime. "The condemnation of blackness" examines what constitutes a crime as a socio-economic institution, what are the economic characteristics of its functioning, how it affects society and what are the laws of its evolution. The segregation of the black population has forced many of them to go to the North. From 1913 ...

Throughout history, Americans have been documented to have abused various drugs starting from precolonial times America as it is well documented that Christopher Columbus, the explorer that discovered America, found other mind-affecting drugs which he brought back to Europe on his first voyage to modern-day (Elaine, n.d.). However, until the late 1880s, prohibitionists and abstentionists had an easy time in addressing the drug abuse among the population, since all the supply point was known and easily identified. Nonetheless, the country failed to have a comprehensive legal framework that was engineered to address the drug abuse problem due to rapid ...

Bullying, while physical in nature, can have lasting social and psychological consequences that can profoundly effect the emotional and cognitive development of young people. Aggressive behaviors, both in traditional settings and in the virtual realm, have been shown to have deep and lasting challenges to their capacity for personal relationships, emotional stability, and overall success. This is true for both the victims of bullying and the bullies themselves. In assessing the research that has been done in the field of bullying it will be possible to establish a general criteria to determine the overall consensus in regards to the ...

Introduction

Members of the LGBT or Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender community in 2016 probably are accepted more in society than even a decade ago. A research report published by the Pew Research Center in 2013 showed that over 55% Americans viewed LGBT members favorably which was a rise by almost 20% when compared to 2003. Lesbians were viewed slightly more favorably than gay men – 58% people had a favorable opinion about lesbians while only 55% had a favorable opinion about gay men. In contrast 92% of LGBT community felt that they had been accepted by society. In sharper contrast, ...

The continuity of the anti-social behavior can be associated to the life-course theory which explains the continuity and change in behavior over time by making a connection between the past events and experiences to the present (Laub & Samson, 2005). Based on this theory, the extent of continuity in behavior between childhood, adolescence and adulthood should be analyzed to draw on the life-course framework in relation to social control and crime. In the beginning, a person’s criminal tendencies can be traced back to his or her childhood antisocial behavior, until reaching the adolescent delinquency, and the last stage is ...

Alcoholism

Alcoholism is an alcohol use disorder that is characterized by alcohol abuse and dependence. An individual is said to be alcoholic when he or she drinks copious amounts of alcohol for long periods of time, has difficulty cutting down on alcohol consumption, and is strongly addicted to alcohol. For most alcoholics, alcohol dependence takes up a lot of time, and its use can result in social and health problems, withdrawal symptoms, loss of control, tolerance, and other riskier situations ("Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse", n.d.). For most people, alcoholism is caused by environmental factors and genetics. An individual with parents ...

In the recent times, the issue of crime and deviance has become one of the most talked about within the society. Deviance is made up of two categories: legally deviant behavior and illegally deviant behavior. For example, to understand legally deviant behavior, we can refer to this situation. Jonathan walked through his local library while listening to loud music from her mobile phone. This can be termed legally deviant since she is not breaking any law, but her acts are socially unacceptable. Moreover, illegally deviant takes place in a different approach. For instance, Kelvin hit a pregnant face on ...

Introduction:

Crime has been an important study that has existed for a long duration of time. Yet it remains controversial with theoretical, historical and accounts of male and female involvement often inconclusive. The perpetrators of crime have for long being presumed to be men. Whether by design or by nature men have been the major actors in criminal activities is a matter of contention. This paper adds to the existing literature on gender differences in crime involvement by comparing different researches on crime with special emphasis on gender involvement. There have been several studies that have been carried out focusing ...

Introduction

Social media sites like Facebook and Twitter have become staple applications in the workplace and at home. Because of this, more of our friendships are developed and nurtured online. While social media gives the individual a sense of autonomy, and allows for freedom of expression, there are implications for those who use social media as a way of abusing, and terrorising others. The consequences of such behaviour can lead to the breakdown of face to face communication and the dissolution of relationships. On the extreme end, legal consequences can ensue for those who use social media to break the ...

Animal Rights: Topic Exploration and Analysis

Recent decades have seen numerous ad campaigns for the protection of animal rights within the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia. Some of the well-known issues that get television coverage would be animal abuse, criminal charges against animal abuse, torture within the fur industry, torture within the agricultural industry, the use of lab animals, and promotion of veganism. Animal rights activism is also seen as part of the environmental protection movement, since an issue would be the protection of wild animals from poaching and loss of habitat. The problem I will address in this study is the complexity ...

Abstract

This paper will explore the life of Emile Durkheim. It will start by giving a brief overview of his life leading up to his work as a sociologist. It will then highlight his main theories and go into detail about his work and how it contributes to the study of sociology and the development of sociological theory. It will then provide an application of his theory and conclude with a summary of findings. The purpose for this report is to discover how Emile Durkheim’s work helps us in the field of sociology and why it is still relevant ...

Family environment is the foundation of child’s healthy development. The role of the parents in the family is very important; rather family is formed with parents only. The major role of parents in the family is to raise the child with responsibility. When the person is small, family is his/her only world. But the situation does not remain the same in his/her adolescent phase. This phase is very different and the scope of the person’s life starts expanding gradually. The friends, peers are equally important in this age. Still the teenagers cannot completely be separated from his/her ...

Deviant behavior does not adhere to the cultural norms and social accepted norms (Akers, 2011). Deviance comprises of behavior that violates expectations and standards of conduct of a group or society. Crime is one of the forms of deviance. In this paper, crime has been described as major type of deviance. Crime is considered as an act of deviance because in crime norm as well as law is broken. Crime as deviant behavior can be minor or it can be major such as it can be picking an individual’s nose or it can be commitment of murder. There ...

Freud's Account of Human Sexuality and Human Desire

Basically, psychoanalysis and Freud's theories are associated with his theory of sexuality, considering that he regarded all aspects of human life (i.e. beginning with a simple mental disorder up to religious doctrines), as the sexual problems. This comic effect arises also because the question of what Freud used to call sexuality remains outside the attention. If one examines the issue of human sexuality in the works of Freud in detail, the work of sensual sphere and sphere of desires becomes evident. The phenomenon of Freud, the author of the doctrine of psychoanalysis, is that he was the first to ...

Behaviors of Adolescent Sex Offenders

Adolescent sex offenders can be classified based on categories of offenders, type of their victims and the manner of their offenses. Valid empirical typologies should show distinct profiles of juvenile sex offenders, and the characteristic of their offenses that reflect the underlying psychological problems or disorders. This is very crucial because this information can be used to evaluate the unique needs of each group relevant to clinical intervention and assessment of recidivism. Recent research has primarily subdivided the juvenile sexual offenders based on the age of their victims, history of delinquency, their personality.

Subtypes Based on Victims Age

Research shows that male adolescent sexual ...

Introduction

This essay will investigate the definition of deviance in society from a sociological perspective. It will then define what it means to be socially deviant. This essay will go onto investigate what impacts deviance has on society. This essay will conclude that for some sociologists, deviance performs a necessary function in society that help establish and reaffirm our social norms, and can help us fix the problems within it The term deviance in sociology refers to an act that violates the standard social norms in a society (White et al, 2000). Succinctly it is a transgression of any kind ...

Introduction

The true nature of classical conditioning lies in the responding with some action for some stimulus caused by artificial cause. The earliest researches of classical conditioning were conducted by Russian scientists Pavlov, who proved that if we ring the bell every time before we feed the dog, it associate the bell with the process of feeding, so in some period of such a repeated action the dog starts drooling as the same stimulus make him think that he is going to be fed now (Schmajuk, 2008). So in simple words, the classical conditioning is about attaching one stimulus from ...

Sociology is a complex field of study that looks at many different aspects of the world we live in. Sociologists may study society as a whole, or study the social lives of individuals, groups, and societies. They might also consider behavior of humans, from individual contacts with strangers, to the intricacies of global interactions. The study of sociology involves looking at how large groups interact with each other with an eye toward making everything equal. It also ties together several other disciplines such as history, psychology, and economics . Sociologists use three different methods to study society. This section looks ...

Informal Social Controls

Introduction There are certain formal structures created by the authorities of a nation with the duty of officially arresting, charging and arraigning a person before a competent court of judicature on matters relating to crime. This forms the basis of criminology and the criminal justice system of a given country. However, there are some elements of checks and balances that are meant to prevent deviant behaviors in a given society. This includes certain aspects of socialization that are meant to ensure that children and people in a given country or community can conform to the morals, ethics and laws ...

Deviant behavior is a behavior that is different from others. It occurs because of non conformity with the norms. Deviance is behavior that goes against dominant norms of the society. It is, however, socially constructed, it is not just only a matter of individual personal choice, and is an inherent part of the society. Crime, however, represents form of deviance in which societies impose some penalties. Deviance is, however, dependent on the culture, and is constructed socially. This can be analyzed from the fact that Emile Durkheim (1966, p 263) mentioned that crime, which is a form of deviance ...

OVERVIEW

The two theorists we chose for our research are Robert K. Merton and Peter Blau. Two famous American sociologists of XX century. Their theories will be applied to the article named Should we worry about gene editing which apparently exposes the author`s opinion upon the new biological researches and the ability of biologists to influence our body artificially. The credibility of an article is proved by the fact that the author of the article is Robert Klitzman, a renown professor of psychology at Columbia University. There are several ways of approaching the problem, but first of all, we ...

Introduction

One of the major occupations of students studying crimes is to understand how criminal behaviors come about and why individuals are induced in engaging in deviant or criminal behaviors. Theories on crime and delinquency primarily explores this question to get a better understanding of individuals and society at large. Theorists drew from different fields of sciences such as sociology, psychology and biology, to find answers in uncovering individual motivations and structural inducement. One such theory that draws not only from sociology, but also from psychology, is the strain theory of Agnew. This paper provides a detailed discussion on the ...

Question 3

The society has certain expectations of an individual. The essence of labeling is the way people look at individual actions. In this case at a negative angle. If one does not conform to the cultural norms of the society one is labeled a negative name, for example, "a thief", a "cheat" or "a loser". The concept of stereotyping and self-fulfilling prophecy brings out the labeling theory. The deviance depicted, however, is seen has non-inherent rather it is the majority normalcy in labeling minorities deviant from the social norms (Fennell, Dana, and Ana 305). I witnessed a friend labeled a ...

One of the purposes of criminal law is to impress upon the public the necessity of acting in a manner that society or the state deems desirable. One way that the state achieves this purpose is to impose punishment on those found guilty of undesirable conduct (LaFave, 2000). Naturally, over the course of criminal law in human history, multiple theories of punishment have been developed. Two such theories are contained in the classical and positivist schools of criminological analysis. In order to understand the differences between these two schools, it is important to first understand some of their fundamental ...

Theories of crime

Crime has always been a part of the human society; unfortunately individuals were often involved in crime and it was widely discussed. Why does crime attract so much attention? Moreover, what can be called a crime? At different times, various behaviors were considered a crime. For instance, it was illegal to sell or drink alcohol during Prohibition in the USA so Prohibition gave rise to all types of illegal behaviors which in other countries were not seen as crimes. Another example would be the Soviet Union, where it was illegal to be involved in any kind of business; therefore, ...

The social bond theory under the sub-field of criminology is often in use when understanding criminal behaviors. An American criminologist Travis Hirschi was the one that developed the social bond theory back in the 1960s, also called as the social control theory. There is a belief that socialization and formation of personal relationships play the significant role in human development that keeps them away from crimes or from engaging in any forms of social deviance. Entirely, the social bond theory refers to that framework that criminologists put into use while explaining why a person would make a decision to ...

Analysis of the Book "The Medicalization of Society" By Peter Conrad

The Main Author's Arguments Peter Conrad, the author of the book "The Medicalization of Society," conducts a study of the most common problems of the modern society, which essence and nature have changed and obtained a medical character over the past 10-20 years. In other words, the author examines the social problems that have become the diagnoses at the beginning of the 21st century, though they were not related to medicine even a decade ago. At the very beginning of the book, Conrad emphasizes the investigated phenomenon, claiming that his analysis is connected only with the social connotations of ...

Theories are important tools in enabling people understand and explain how society functions. Criminology, enable us appreciate the criminal justice system. Theories inform people on the things they should be aware and what they need to know. They include the breaching and making of the law, crimes and deviant behavior, and also arrangements of criminal activity. Many theories have common features, but differences among them are still in existence.

Classical school of criminology differs from other schools of criminological theories in that, the classical school of criminology based its arguments upon utilitarian notions of free will and choice. ...

Arguably, supporters of symbolic interactionism encouraged a good deal and research on issues pertaining to race and racism. The theory of symbolic interaction plays a tremendous role in elaborating issues of rate. Symbolic interactions assert that reality in society is a process that is negotiated and constructed. In universities, there are various aspects of racism that goes on, which is related to symbolic interactionism and labeling. For example, there are aspects in universities that other students are seen as deviant and others who are part of same behaviors are not viewed as deviant. It is evident that in most universities the minority ...

- What are the central assumptions of biological theories of crime?

The central assumptions of biological theories of crime are founded on the belief that some people are born criminals. The theory of deviance postulated by Cesare Lombroso developed the idea that criminals have distinct physical characteristics. Other biological theories of crime also associate criminal behavior to hormones, neurotransmitters, autonomic and central nervous system functions.

- What have research studies in the field of genetics had to say about possible causes of crime?

Researches and criminology treatises are exploring the various aspects by which genetics can ...

Adults are responsible for their actions. Today, that is what society says. A person does not do wrong things just because of his biological make up. That is a very old-fashioned thinking. Behavioral scientists have studied this topic since the 1800s. But they found out later on that there is no biological link to being a criminal (Crossman, 2000). Today, these studies look judgmental and discriminating, same as why people burned women on the stake when they thought they were witches. But science continues to advance. The knowledge about the human body increases. Some scientists still think there might be a connection ...