Essays on Diesel

Advancements in aircraft reciprocating engines

Introduction There is a misconception that because modern aircraft engines built by Lycoming, Continental and other companies have similar look to engines used in general aviation aircrafts of the 1970s, there have been no technological advancements in this field. Even though new engines haven’t changed much by outward appearances, aircraft reciprocating engine technologies have advanced dramatically in past two decades. The overall build quality of engine has greatly improved. Advancements in machining technologies and automatic manufacturing processes made it possible for aircraft engine makers to enhance machine’s durability. Many components of piston engines have been significantly improved, ...

Role of community citizen in palm oil producing nation

The role of a community citizen in a palm oil producing country is very important. A community citizen will have two main roles. The first is to ensure that the people benefit from the output of palm oil and the second is to ensure that there are no adverse effects on the environment during palm oil production. This role requires the citizen to work together with palm oil producers to ensure that the population is educated about the best ways to protect the environment while producing palm. The community citizen is also tasked with working with government to ensure ...

Exercise 1

 Driving in winter, especially on snowy, icy roads can be less troublesome if you take a few simple precautions. First, put on snow tires if you plan to drive on snowy, icy roads very often. Second, check the amount of anti-freeze in your radiator and add more if necessary. Next, add antifreeze to your windshield washer fluid; otherwise, the fluid will freeze and possibly break the container. Finally, it is also a good idea to carry tire chains, a can of spray to unfreeze door locks, and a windshield scraper in your car when driving in winter weather The ...

<<Author>> <<Purpose of the Paper>>

Volkswagen Ethics

Hotten. R. (2015). Volkswagen: The Scandal Explained. BBCNews.com. Retrieved from: http://www.bbc.com/news/business-34324772

Volkswagen Ethics

The Automobile industry like many others prides itself in its quality manufacturing processes, adherence to compliance norms, innovation and customer satisfaction. However, over the last few decades the industry is plagued with myriad cases of ethical misdemeanors. Some of the unethical behavior probably arises from pressures of business, profits, shareholder value and competition (Bazerman and Tenbrunsel, 2011). In some cases, leaders turn a blind eye to unethical practices. In one of the older cases from the 1970s, ...

VOLKSWAGEN CASE STUDY

Executive summary: Volkswagen is the leading manufacturer of car products. This company holds Volkswagen group and produced a variety of models. Recently, Volkswagen has been involved in the emission scandals of their equipped vehicles. The company vehicles are equipped with software that was cheating on emission tests. Hence, Volkswagen is the top selling brand of Volkswagen group. Since 1975 the company has been treated as world largest automaker in the world. Volkswagen has the most cars of the automobile manufacturer which has multiple revisions of model names. In this, the crisis management of the Volkswagen emission scandal has been ...

The extraction of oil and natural gas has been a major industry in the United States for many years. Originally, this fuel was used simply to heat homes. With the advancement in technology, many different types of machinery, including electrical generators at power plants, automobiles and home appliances have been designed to operate using natural gas. In recent years, it has become more difficult to find new sources of natural gas. Hence, various companies have ventured in hydraulic fracking in the hope of producing more natural gas. However, the hydraulic fracking itself brings a host of environmental and health ...

Is Public Relations an ethical profession?

Introduction Public Relations has been defined in many ways over time and across industries. The Institute of Public Relations in USA defines it as the deliberate, planned and sustained effort that goes into maintaining a mutual understanding between an organization and its public consumer. Edward L. Bernays defined it as the method of information persuasion and a method employed to develop public support for a cause, an activity, a movement or even an organization . Herbert M. Baus proposed yet another definition that Public Relations was a combination of many subjects including philosophy, sociology, economics, psychology, journalism, language and communication, ...

Communication within an Organization

Communication within an Organization

In the Volkswagen Emission Scandal of 2015, the Enviornmenal Protecton Agency brought into light the cheating device installed by VW cars into its diesel engines to cheat the performance of its results when tested for smoke emission. In recent years, the German car giant pushed for the selling of its diesel cars in the United States, and their campaign was backed by their claim about the car’s low smoke emissions. It was a moved that would have brought an enormous sales gain for the company, but its eventual detection resulted in the fall of ...

If a fuel mixture can be represented by the general formula CxH2x, prove that the stoichiometric gravimetric air/fuel ratio is 14.8:1.

The combustion reaction for a given fuel mixture will look as follows:

CxH2x + 1.5x(O2 + 3.76N2) → xCO2 + xH2O + 1.5x*3.76N2 The molar ratio is 1.5x:1, to find the gravimetric ratio, the masses of the air and fuel should be found. This can be done by multiplying molar ratio with molar weights of the fuel and air. m(fuel) = 12*x + 2x*1 = 14x m(air) = 1.5x(16*2 + 3.76*14*2) = 1.5x*137.28 = 205.92x The gravimetric stoichiometric air/fuel ratio then is 205.92x:14x = 14.71:1 The dry exhaust gas analysis from an ...

Leadership is the most radical and central aspect of any organization. While good management promotes quantitative and qualitative results, poor management compromises achievements and successful outcomes. That is why the end results of an organization are a projection of the leadership style in the said institution. As such, this paper analyses the threat in Volkswagen’s management in line with the various leadership theories.

Volkswagen`s Fraudulent

The leadership in Volkswagen illuminates an ill culture with the potential of undermining this auto giant reputation. Following the recent scandal of emission test, it is clear that the management in the organization is ailing. ...

Abstract

This paper explores a published article that reports about machination of the Volkswagen Company. The Volkswagen admitted late last year that it fitted as many as 11 million diesel vehicles worldwide with software that could cheat emissions tests. The organization of the US Environmental Protection determined that these cars in 15-35 times are violating emission standards. The company under the leadership of Winterkorn falsified pollution tests by installing software to make vehicles appear cleaner than they were. The bottom line is that Volkswagen's former CEO Martin Winterkorn has retired and he is attracted to criminal liability over the diesel ...

It is the duty of each and every person to take care of the environment and further to have in place an environment that will enable the world regenerate and in turn be favourable for the day to day living of man today and the future. Various measures have been put in place in order for this to happen. These include the coming up with the bio-degradable products and further, to look for the alternative sources of energy that reduce the amount of harmful emissions. One of these methods is the coming up with the green cars which are ...

Fuel Cell Technologies in Passenger Cars

Fuel Cell Technology The last decade is characterized by the rapid development of research activity in the field of fuel cells, thus, creating the conditions for their uptake in electric systems. The basic fuel cells’ operating principle has been known for 150 years. However, a variety of technical and financial problems had kept them on the margins of technological applications (Brandon & Hart, 1999). The basic difference between a fuel cell and batteries is that while batteries store energy, fuel cells directly convert a fuel’s chemical energy into electricity by an electrochemical reaction (i.e. Without requiring combustion or movement ...

Question 2: Energy and Risks

Energy is fundamental to life. Without the resource, billions of individuals would remain hungry and cold. The prominent source of energy emanates from fossil fuels such as natural gas, coal, and oil in the developing and industrialized nations. Despite providing numerous benefits that sustain human, plant, and animal life, the fossil fuels also present disadvantages that have resulted in ecological damage, political disruption, and production failures. This paper attempts to compare the political and environmental challenges introduced by natural gasses, coal, and oil as well as possible remedies that can alleviate the problems. The greenhouse emissions that arise from ...

Ford Motor Company was founded in the year 1903 by Henry Ford. The Company became the first mass producer of automobiles after inventing the assembly line in 1013.Ford Motor Company launched Fiesta diesel in November 2008 which became the most fuel-efficient cars worldwide. In as much as Fiesta was doing well in performance, Ford had no intentions of introducing the model to other parts of the world where the car was not known. Their reasoning was; some consumers in different states such as America complained that the diesel is smelly, noisy and smoky hence not convenience for use. According ...

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Introduction

Cruise ships are used to take vacationers on recreational voyages. The ships provide amenities that enhance the passengers experience such as lounging facilities, cinemas, indoor sports, swimming pools, and music concerts among others. Cruise ships usually take the vacationers on a round trip through a given number of destinations, which usually include a number of coastal downs, before returning them to the port of origin. The cruise industry started in the early 1970s and was widely embraced in 1971 as a viable tourist attraction when a ship known as the Pacific Princess was featured in ...

Volkswagen vs Ford

Introduction Volkswagen and Ford are both family businesses working in the global automotive industry. In 2015 worldwide 73.9 million of passenger cars were sold in the global automobile markets along with the 86.56 cars produced. The biggest automotive markets can be found in China and in the United States. The biggest automotive suppliers in the industry are from Asia and Europe and include Bosch with steering systems, Continental in the area of tire manufacturing, Denso and Magna. The size of automotive supplier market worldwide is estimated at €620bn (The Statistics Portal, 2016). Those suppliers are currently faced with the ...

Fossil fuels refer to those sources of energies which are underneath the earth surface as a result of the decomposition of the dead plant and animal remains. They include coal, oil, natural gas and others. The excessive use of these fuels led to diverse impacts on the natural environment, which can be seen through increasing rate of global warming. For that reason, the paper, therefore, aims at coming up with different alternatives which will help in stopping the use of fossil fuels in Japan. The plan has been developed to assist the islands which are commonly affected by the ...

Introduction

Campbell states that there are twelve stages of the heroes journey they are; The ordinary world - something occurs in the heroes life that causes stress. The approach - the hero and allies prepare for the challenge. The call to adventure - something occurs within the heart of the hero that starts them on their journey to leadership. The ordeal - the hero confronts, death, fears, anxieties, where something is learned (Campbell). Refusal of the call - the hero now aware of his / her call, feels anxiety about it, unprepared, unworthy etc. The reward - the hero fights ...

Introduction

In this paper, I will argue that the fact that a certain individual is recognized as an employee, automatically “grants” employer status to the person or entity that hires this individual; the legal status of employer is inherently connected to the status of employee. Both parties acquire certain rights and obligations as soon as their relationship falls under the definition of employment. However, as much as there are no strict criterion that help to determine whether a person is an employee, similarly, whether an entity or an individual is an employer will largely depend on the form of relationship ...

Introduction

Air pollution as the name clearly suggests, refers to the accumulation of particles or impurities in the air composition. These particles could be dust, smoke, burnt fuel like diesel or petrol, and other burnt components. Air pollution, particularly in China, is a major problem or bottleneck that is more often than not ignored at the risk of the people’s health as well as that of the economy. Major health conditions especially, respiratory conditions like asthma, bronchitis and other perilous conditions like cancer could spell doom for the people of China (Ho, and Chris 115). Measures to curb the ...

Introduction

In this paper, the author analyzes the case on the troubled alliance between Volkswagen and Suzuki, two of the biggest and most popular auto-makers in the respective regions that they cater. Suzuki is famous for their small, petite, and fuel efficient cars in Asia. Volkswagen, on the other hand, is famous for their powerful, elegant, and fuel efficient cars in Europe and the Americas. Because of the theory that was posed earlier suggesting that in the current industry environment, most automobile manufacturers are on a constant lookout for more ways to expand—the fastest way possible. From the start, ...

In early 2011, an earthquake hit the Northeastern part of Japan and tsunami ensued. The tsunami breached a nuclear power plant operated by Tokyo Electric Power Company at Fukushima Daiichi. The damage caused to the plant ignited interest in safety of nuclear power plants. In the United States, the electricity generation industry conducted in depth reviews of the Fukushima disaster in order to fortify its nuclear plants from similar misfortunes. Based on the findings established from the review, nuclear plants have taken measures in the last five years to ramp up safety. To verify the safety of nuclear plants ...

Executive Summary

Corporate social responsibility is an issue that needs to be upheld by all firms in the market. This ranges from the large to small firms. The essay will therefore look into the corporate responsibility in connection to Volkswagen. The company has been facing issues due to the diesel emission of their vehicles that later translated to a scandal. The company depicted inability to provide the right information regarding its emissions. The essay will also give some of the recommendations that the company undertook and the implications on the various stakeholders and the mission as well as the corporate responsibility ...

A clean energy vehicle, popularly known as green vehicle, is a motor vehicle that makes minimum harmful effects to the surrounding environment in comparison to conventional vehicles, which use either gasoline or diesel as fuel for their internal combustion engines. Clean energy vehicle technology focuses on bringing spectacular improvements in vehicle technologies with the intention of reducing the dependence of running vehicles on nonrenewable energy sources like oil and improving the fuel efficiency. The areas in which the technology concentrates are: bio-fuels, energy conversion, clean combustion, electrification of vehicles, advanced batteries, lightweight materials integration of vehicle grid and analysis ...

0. Introduction Moto-cars are made from metals. This very common opinion was almost entirely true during almost all the previous century though opposite solitary examples (displayed at images below) are very well known for car likers: wooden bulks, a rubber car, a fiberglass sport car, a car with plastic bulk facias based on soybeans, a concept of a ceramic car, a glass car, and so on. All those examples are just very rare exceptions. Moreover, the probably refer rather to arts than to industry. However, in the current century, metals lost their monopoly. In the present essay, several material ...

Introduction

The development in the automotive industry has resulted in the production of various sustainable technologies. The paper is going to examine the problem of the pollution and contribution to reduction of the automotive industry to the climate change in carbon dioxide emissions. The partial solution for the transport industry has already been introduced with the technology of electric vehicles. The sustainability of the technology will be examined with the shortcomings and disadvantages of the battery production of electronic vehicles. The thesis of the paper is that electric vehicles are more sustainable than the traditional cars and use sustainable technology ...

Energy is one of the most important components of our day to day activities. Gasoline, diesel, kerosene, propane and other products are extracted from fossil fuels through a number of systematic processes and are used to drive automobiles, aircrafts, ships and trains. Despite their importance, these fuels lead to the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and results in global warming, which has been on a steady rise for quite some time. A few Economic Crises have occurred in the recent past due to depletion of oil reserves. The latest brands of hybrid and electric cars are the ...

In the automobile industry, there are several manufacturers of the different brands, makes and models of the vehicles used by almost anyone globally. Different people require different vehicles that suit their needs. These vehicles are brought for a purpose; depending on the consumer needs. This consumer needs vary geographically, demographically, psycho-graphically and in terms of customer behavior . Each of these factors can be broken down further into smaller segments. This is a diverse market with different needs and qualities. Marketing using the same strategy would be detrimental. A form of marketing therefore has to be devised to take advantage ...

Volkswagen Scandal

Dear XYZ, In response to the work assigned for preparing a report on Volkswagen emission controversy, please find enclosed the detailed internal report containing my findings and recommendations pertaining to the issue. As I found, the company is going through the tough time when it is facing actions from the regulators and other agencies for violating the emission norms of the different countries. Also, there is a big blow to credibility in the eyes of customers. Concerted efforts of all the stakeholders are required to tide over the crisis. Based on the sources I referred to, the report goes ...

An automotive engine is a propulsion system responsible for moving automobiles from one place to another. An engine converts energy from a fuel or a battery to the mechanical energy used to spin the wheels, thus setting a vehicle in motion. There are different types of engines used in the automotive industry today. These include internal combustion engines and electricity driven vehicles. The internal combustion engines burn fuels such as petrol, diesel, natural gas or propane. Electric engines are fitted with electromagnetic motors that are powered by electric currents from storage batteries on the vehicle. The sole purpose of ...

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

Introduction The invention and eventual development of internal combustion engines marked a significant stage in the evolution of engines since it provided a way for industrialists and engineers to build an engine that would suit various applications. Unlike the bulky and messy steam engines, internal combustion engines opened the possibilities of creating smaller, but more efficient engines that can be mounted on different types of machineries. The most common applications of which are in transport vehicles such as the engines used in automobiles, trucks, vessels and planes. Moreover, internal combustion engines are also used in non-mobile applications such as ...

(Caltex Brands 2016-2018)

Executive Summary

This report outlines a marketing plan for Chevron Singapore (Caltex brand). It has been observed that sales volume by Chevron Corporation has been declining over the past three years, and that is why this marketing plan was formulated to increase the sales volume, increase the Caltex brand awareness in those troubled markets and improve stakeholder and customer relationships between Chevron and the public. For a successful marketing plan, certain strategies which include PEST, SWOT, and Industry analysis were carried out. In PEST analysis, the factors arising from political, economic, social and Technological environments were analyzed. To ...

History of the UK Oil & Gas Industry

It was in the year 1975 that Hamilton Brothers, a small entrepreneurial entity of the United States, which was working in the Argyle field, succeeded in bringing British oil ashore for the first time, and this was almost immediately followed by the BP excavation that resulted in huge quantities of oil being discovered in the Forties field.

Progress made by the industry since the 1970s

Oil discovery in the North, grew leaps and bounds as several other companies from other nations like the EU, United States and many other domestic UK firms leased out many sectors of the North Sea for excavating oil. Slightly around the late ...

Introduction

Definition of ethical issues Back ground information on “Volkswagen emission scandal” Issue of violation notice Accusations against the company Discussion How the problems were addressed by the company leaders Company denial of manipulation of tests Company official’s admission of tests manipulation Recall of vehicles Announcement of new diesel strategy Halt of company sales on the affected vehicles Compensation of VW and Audi owners in the US Implications of the company decisions Loss of trust and confidence Sales reduction Inconvenience and mistrust How I would have addressed the issue as an employee of the company Report the matter My ...

Introduction

The recent trends have had a major impact on the UK (United Kingdom) petroleum retail market. The trend impact has been on the number of petrol filling stations (PFS). The UK Petroleum Industry has undergone major changes since 1970. The changes impacted a decline of PFS with a closure of more than seventy-five percent of PFS and a further decline of twenty-nine percent in 2011 although there has been some reduction in the decline in last five years (Study of the UK Petroleum Retail Market., 2012). Independent dealers had a lot of pressure from the hypermarkets, and this has ...

According to EPA (2016), environmental management involves the development of systems aimed at reducing environmental impacts of various activities. In the Brundtland commission report (WCED), sustainable development has been described as development aimed at meeting the current needs of the present generation. However, as the current generation focuses on meeting their own needs, their activities should not compromise the capability of future generations to also meet their own needs. Available evidence suggests that the future generation would have challenges meeting their own needs if the current generation fails to adopt sustainable practices. The sustainable development incorporates the triple line: ...

The world today is waking up to the realization that pollution of the environment has become costly. It is for that reason that there is an effort to embrace better options that going to this problem. When it comes to the use of energy biofuels, have been lauded as the best mitigation to deal with the overexploitation of fossil fuels that are in return leading to the over pollution of the environment that has led to global warming. If fossil fuels are going to be substituted with biofuels in the transport industry, there will be a considerable reduction in ...

Pump Application: Building Water Pump

Pumps are devices used to move fluids from one point to another by creating differences in pressure between the two points. Pumps are powered by a prime mover, which can be either a diesel engine or an electric motor. The pump converts the energy supplied by the prime mover to potential energy by pressurizing the fluid it’s pumping. For example, a diesel pump has an engine that converts chemical energy in the fuel to mechanical energy in the form of torque. The torque from the engine is then picked up and transmitted to the pumping mechanism for fluid ...

Solving Social Problems: Solar Energy in Rural India

The developing world grapples with the lack of access to electricity. Third world countries have poor electrical infrastructure which is still in the nascent stages of development. As a result, majority of people, especially those living in rural areas, have no access to electricity. The reach of the electrical grid in countries is limited to towns, and the poor who have access to electrical power supply suffer frequent and prolonged power blackouts. As a result, people in such countries result to unclean and unhealthy means of lighting, such as kerosene and diesel generators. The kerosene lamps cause respiratory problems ...

Act of God or controllable event?

The incident described is not in any way an "act of God." This is because all the mistakes made were all avoidable in one way or the other. The first mistake that resulted in all these messes was that the driver was not specific enough when talking to the fuel attendant about what type of fuel he wanted. This is so since the attendant might have had little knowledge of the culture in New Jersey where it is mandatory that an attendant pumps the fuel and are well versed in the type of fuel to pump to their clients. ...

Lab Report: Four Stroke Internal Combustion Engine Simulation

Introduction Internal combustion engines work utilizing the results of combustion as the working liquid as opposed to as heat exchange medium. The combustion is carried out in a way so as to yield high pressure gaseous products with sufficient energy to rotate a turbine or move a piston. The development of these high pressure systems presents various elements that significantly impact the formation of contaminations. There are three essential categories of internal combustion engines: (1) the spark ignition engines that are usedto drive automobiles; (2) the diesel engines, which is are used to run heavy vehicles and heavy machinery; ...

Introduction

Gas turbines are highly popular and widely applied in numerous fields owing to their improved design and operational attributes. They are application widespread in civil, marine and aeronautical fields. Gas turbines can be implemented in tow different categories of applications based on the function of the thrust produced. The torque generated by the engine can be utilized in generating shaft power, or it can be applied to produce thrust from an exhaust nozzle (Boyce, 2011). Gas turbine engines exhibit a relatively high power to weight ratio. Consequently, the engine is highly appropriate for generating motive power for transport vehicles. ...

1. Biofuels are fuels in the gaseous or liquid form and can be rapidly regenerated from sources like crops, plants and municipal waste. Existing biofuels are generated from carbohydrates such as sugar and starch (wheat and sugarcane crops). Existing biofuels, such as ethanol, have a lesser energy content (volumetric energy density) relative to conventional hydrocarbon fuels natural gas and petroleum . Furfural and Levulinic acid are molecules that can be obtained from biomass and converted into biofuels. Levulinic acid can be synthesized in greater amounts (>70%) from inedible hexose bio-polymers such as cellulose, which is a polymer of glucose ...

IC ENGINE PERFORMANCE LAB REPORT

Introduction

This experiment examines different characteristics of petrol and diesel engine. It was done with three main objectives: to understand the operational and design characteristics of both petrol and diesel engines, to determine the full-throttle torque and power as well as fuel consumptions attributes, and to experimentally determine the mechanical efficiency of diesel and petrol engines alike. While petrol engines are applied in petrol ICEs, diesel engines can be applied in both heating systems and Diesel ICEs. Diesel engines are known to exhibit more torque at low speed while petrol engines run at high revolutions ...

[Class Title]

Introduction Some scholars view energy as an abstract concept that could not be defined by any physical parameters (Lehrman 15). There are those who even admit that they do not know the scientific meaning of energy because it cannot be seen or touched or smelled except that it can only be imagined through its effects. For the same reason, some scholars refrain to define energy to avoid being misconstrued. Engineers, however, need an operational definition for energy in order to apply its concept in many engineering applications such as in mechanics, thermodynamics and electromagnetism. Engineers, especially during ...

Sulphur Dioxide and Our Planet

Sulphur Dioxide is a colourless pungent gas which is highly soluble in water. Fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum and natural gases contain sulphur. When burnt in motor vehicles, power stations and in other industrial applications, sulphur reacts with oxygen and its compounds in the combustion process to form Sulphur Dioxide. These are the artificial sources of Sulphur Dioxide. Apart from these, Sulphur Dioxide is produced naturally in huge quantities during volcanic eruptions and forest fires. It is the most chemically active compound produced by volcanoes. Apart from natural sources, Sulphur Dioxide is also produced in anthropological activities like ...

ABSTRACT

This paper covers general analysis of Fossil Group – an American company that was founded in 1984 (main product – accessories, recreational products, watches, etc.). This analysis includes the background of the company, its position on a market, and performance analysis: market shares dynamic, sales growth and profitability (Net Profit Margin). In order to do this paper the annual reports were overviewed as well as Bloomberg market analysis report. As a result, Fossil Group could be considered as a stable company, with a great background, strong position on the market, and good financial results.

INTRODUCTION AND BRIEF ON A COMPANY

Company’s Background The Fossil Group was ...

BUSINESS: Current Crisis at Volkswagen

Introduction In the automotive industry, the Volkswagen group can be considered one of the leading multiband groups. The business activities of the group comprise of financial service divisions and Automotive (Cave et al., 1982, p5). Volkswagen commercial vehicles brands and the passenger car vehicle brands of Volkswagen are the only companies under Volkswagen that are considered separate and independent. Volkswagen group majors on selling and producing vehicles that are passenger cars, developing, busses and trucks, light commercial vehicles as part of the business actions conducted by the various companies under the Volkswagen group. This paper is going to discuss ...

Consumer perspective

The contemporary world has been subjected to overreliance on unrenewable sources of energy and as a result, of rapid industrialisation, the demand of fossil fuels like gasoline and diesel has increased significantly. Besides, the demand forces dictate that as long as long as better fuel economy retains a high value for consumers. Fuel will always remain a focus in the global market to the broad array of consumer automobile manufacturers and customers spread all over the globe. In addition to this, crude oil inventories have in recently been on the rise following a similar trend in 2015. Stocks in ...

[Class title]

Introduction Economic freedom refers to a state or condition wherein people and organizations can do business freely without being ruled over or being subject to any restrictions or limitations. In his seminal work, ‘An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations,’ Adam Smith, a British philosopher and economist, argued that laissez-faire, or the doctrine that industries and markets functions best if they are unregulated and free, is best for the economy. Smith believes that if the markets are unregulated, traders and merchants will compete against each other in order to provide better products ...

Introduction

Significant growth of all sectors of the economy requires the movement of large quantities of cargo and passengers. High maneuverability, mobility and adaptability to work in different conditions makes the car one of the primary means of transportation of goods and passengers. The share of road transport accounts for over 80% of goods transported by all modes of transport combined, and more than 70% of passenger traffic. In recent years, the factories of the automobile industry mastered many samples of upgraded and new automotive vehicles, including those for agriculture, construction, trade, oil, gas and forest industries. Currently, there are ...

Introduction

Sharp fluctuation in oil price since the 1970s and its impact on the economy, both macro and micro, have gained huge attention from scholars. Speculative factors alongside immense instability in demand and supply have caused an aggressive increase in oil prices, especially in the previous decades (Hacioglu & Dincer, 2013). Thus, research on this issue intensified and a number of studies tried to explain the core relationship between oil prices and price levels in the economy. In relation to this, researchers have analysed the correlation between oil prices and manufacturing or industrial production, oil prices and balance of trade, oil ...

Environment as a Source of Opportunities and Threats

There is no doubt that “understanding the environment that surrounds an organization is important to the executives in charge of the organizations” (Edwards, Try, Ketchen, & Short, 2014, p. 63). One of the fundamental concepts discussed in chapter 3 is the effect of the general environment on the organization and its performance. The first concept is that the general environment is a source of potential opportunities and alternatives as well as a source of risks and threats for a company. According to business report published by Bloomberg, “Volkswagen AG’s namesake brand reported a decline in U.S. sales for the ...

About 5% of the pension fund’s investments have been made in Volkswagen Group which has recently fallen prey to a major scandal. These investments face high risk, now that the company’s share price has fallen considerably. On 18th September 2015, few Volkswagen cars were found to be emitting lethal amounts of nitrogen dioxide into the atmosphere despite having passed various pollution control tests. This irregularity in the diesel engines was caused due to engine management software which was deliberately fitted in each car belonging to a particular model. More than 11 million vehicles have thus, been estimated ...

A Reciprocating Engine is also called as Piston Engine. In this engine pressure is converted into rotating motion with the help of one or more reciprocating pistons. There are various types of Reciprocating Engines, the most common type is the Internal combustion engine which is used in motor vehicles, the steam engine which is used in the industries and the Stirling engine. The compression ignition engine and the Spark-ignition engine are the two types of internal combustion engine. In the compression ignition engine, fuel is injected into the cylinder and the air inside the cylinder is compressed so that ...

Abstract

Crude oil has been refined to make such fuels as diesel and petrol as well as industrial chemicals and lubricants. Transport activity, as a core element of economic development and a precondition of human welfare, is increasing across the globe with the growth of economies. Transport predominantly relies on such fossil resource as petroleum. The literature relevant for this study can be divided into two parts or strands: one that focuses on the demand side and another one that gives analysis to the oil market by focusing on the supply side. This paper absorbs the ideas of both strands ...

Need

While windmill technology is appropriate for generating clean and renewable energy, its practicability is limited by seasonal nature of the power generating because of fluctuations in wind (Kumar & John, 2012). Windmills are installed in specific places. The output of the turbine in the windmill is dependent on the availability of wind to turn the turbine (Kumar & John, 2012). In addition, there is need for more renewable sources of energy to avoid the depletion of the fossil fuels. In another viewpoint, cleaner sources of energy are in keeping with the resolve to reverse the effects of global warming. Generating electricity ...

Air pollution is a national problem. Due to the massive industrial establishments and various chemicals and substances that are used by man in his day to day activities, the air is populated with various chemicals and particulates emitted into the air causing the air pollution. In the US, Long Beach and Los Angeles, are among the most polluted regions. Majority of the industries in this area are dependent on diesel and other fuel powered machines, ships, vehicles, and trains that sustain its day to day operations. The ports of Long Beach is considered as one of the biggest sources ...

Industry Overview

In the present market, the automotive industry globally encompasses the prime manufacturers, Toyota, Volkswagen, GM, Honda, Ford, etc., all operating in the global competitive marketplace. Since the second half of the 1990s, it is understood that automobile industry’s globalization accelerated with the construction of highly significant overseas facilities and the establishment of acquisitions and mergers between the global automobile MNCs (Hiroaka, 2001 p.1). In the year 2015, sales of passenger cars globally reached 73.9 million vehicles and the total sales reached above 90 million. On the basis of current growth rate, the automobile industry is expected to grow ...