Essays on Domestication

Domestication is a process that started in the past. People decided to tame wild animals for their own purposes. National Geographic claims that this process has started back in Mesopotamia (National Geographic Web). People were likely to domesticate animals that were not eating meat. One of the first animals that was domesticated happened to be a goat. It was chosen for its milk and fur. Animals were supposed to serve some domestic purpose in order to become domesticated. One of the main differences between wild and domestic animals is that wild animals are capable of living and surviving on ...

A proposal in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Introduction Wheat (Triticum sp.), an extensively adapted crop, is one of the primitive and primary staple food crops in the world. Wheat is cultivated from temperate; dry to irrigated or rain-fed areas, to warm, humid or cold conditions. Such a high adaptability is attributed to its intricate genome (Acevedo et al., 2002). Wheat cultivation covers more land area compared to other commercial crops and endures to be an essential food grain for humans (Curtis, 2002). Estimations reveal that by 2050, the population of the world will reach 9.1 billion (34 percent greater than today); correspondingly, the food requirement and ...

Abstract

The topic of genetically modified organisms has attracted diverse opinions from the general public for some time. The question as to whether foodstuffs modified genetically can be fit or unfit for human consumption still remains a debatable issue. Currently, a given percentage of the world’s population believe that these foodstuffs are fit for consumption, however, the rest of the population highly detest them. As for that reason, whenever the topic of genetically modified organisms comes into context, diverse opinions emerge. Even though a significant population have all the reasons to ignore the genetically modified foodstuffs, they come with ...

Introduction

Both Judith Carney and Rafael Marquese examine the contribution of African Slaves in the development and production of specific cash crops. Carney believes that the production of Rice in South Carolina is as a result of diffusion of agricultural culture from Africa to Americas. She argues that rice production was the culture of the West Africans far before the Portuguese explorers reached Africa in in the 14th century. Rice was the staple food among most of the West African communities. They used the mangrove swamps to create paddies and used canal irrigation to water the rice. The same methodology ...

Mirna Salim

Introduction Cats have been living with us for thousands of years. As opposed to other domestic animals like cows and sheep that provide as with food and other raw materials, it has never been clear the main reason why human domesticated cats. Some schools of thought believe that cat was domesticated to help human eradicate rodents which were destroying crops. However, others believe that cats were domesticated just to be pets, to keep human company. This research will not major in the reason as to why cat was domesticated, but rather will focus on the origin of the domesticated ...

The major developments of early human and social evolution

Apparently social and early human evolution determines all the inner changes in the core of the society, its structure and interaction of people with each other and environment. The term “development” means that we observe the positive changes within the area of social interaction. We may compare the society with a living organism as it is constantly evolving, acquiring some features, characteristics and abilities. Just like an organism evolve from the simplest form of the complex of various organs responsible for certain functions, the society evolves having different groups responsible for certain actions and functions ("Early Human Evolution: Early ...

The problem of double standards regarding women's rights and opportunities in terms of urban space has a very long history. Since ancient times to the present time, this problem has had many manifestations. Any appearance of women in public in terms of urban space caused various reactions in different periods. More recently, this issue, along with the development of legal and personal relations, began to attract a lot of attention. Thus, its solution lies in a deep analysis of behavioral and social stereotypes. In addition, the question of domestication of urban space involves many problems of gender nature, making ...

Question 1

A state government has powers to carry out any political process, which is beneficial to the public and the entire economy. Domestication is a move by the government to control and utilize its local resources for the purpose of creating independence. This process is important for the nation since it prevents exploitation from foreigners. On the contrary, domestication plays an important role in improving the economy through exportation of goods. Expropriation, on the other hand, will entail taking control of privately owned property by the state government for public interest. This move will negatively affect the economy as it discourages ...

1.It is true that agriculture has been one of the greatest inventions in the history of mankind due to the impacts it has brought to the world. Due to the competition between humans and animals agriculture has brought dependence and food security against the ever diminishing natural resources. Agriculture led to the invention of fire that has had substantial positive effects on the human livelihood in terms of domestication and other uses of fire. The invention of transport and communication means has also had big and positive impacts on the human life to a bigger magnitude. These inventions have enabled ...

1. What effects did domestication of plants and animals have on human societies?

Until 10.000 years ago, people were nomads, without permanent residence, always in search for food, gathering plants and following animals. Then, according to Mac Neash, the famous archeologist, some 10 000 age people began to farm. People realized what cultures could be preserved during the dry period of time. For an example, we have the culture corn. It is culture that can be saved as a seed for a long period of time. Effect that domestication of plants and animals in The New World, as well in The Old World can be seen on the examples of three civilizations in The ...

Throughout the history of Western civilization, people have asked themselves questions about how to lead their lives and achieve happiness. Major philosophers have debated this idea, arguing for different ways of orienting their lives, commenting and criticizing their precursors in the process. Two of the most important of these thinkers were Aristotle and Immanuel Kant, who both drafted different ethical theories, while staying within the boundaries of what is considered standard in the Western philosophical tradition. Specific differences in their contexts lead to major dissimilarities in their theories. However, both theories have aspects which may be considered correct, and ...

- Euthanasia: Liberating Individuals from Pain and Suffering - But what exactly are animals? And what makes humans different from other animals such that some humans are sometimes confounded on the morals of putting other humans and domesticated animals to mercy killing? But the latter question seems very difficult to answer since it involves questioning the existence of the higher moral status of humans. - Perhaps the more clear cut definition of an animal in a biological perspective is that they are biological multicellular entities that belong to Kingdom Animalia. These biological entities are motile to include humans ...

Introduction

There are a number of social revolutions that have ever been instigated by technological changes in life. This began back in the early days when technology was applied to change certain human life style .these led to four major social revolutions as discussed below.

Animal Domestication and Plant Cultivation Societies

The first social revolution was the abolition of hunting and gathering because of domestication of animals and plant cultivation. The domestication of animals and crop cultivation made supply of food is predictable which led to great growth in population. Population growth was supportive for division of labor as the excess labor supply was used in other ...

Introduction

The human species are claimed to have existed for hundreds of thousands of years. According to history, years ago people used to be nomadic pastoralist who moved from one place to another thus did not have a permanent home. A transition occurred, which caused the people to change their nomadic lifestyle where they used to hunt and gather fruits and began doing agriculture. This transition caused them to change and start staying in one place. The transition from the old ways of nomadic movement to the point where the people are actually staying in one place is what is described ...

Issar, Arie and Ofer Bar-Yosef use various approaches in studying the development of agriculture in the ancient days. The two authors have both similar and contrasting ideologies in regards to the early farming and domestication of agriculture by humans. Development of agriculture is attributed to an array of reasons that vary from one scholar two the other. However, there are a quite number of similarities that elicits in studies that are dedicated towards agriculture domestication. The most significant notion is that both Issar and Bar-Yosef attribute domestication of agriculture to the changes in climate patterns over the years. Similarly, they ...

Introduction

Throughout the years, man has developed different ways of producing food in his plate. The earliest way of man to survive is to hunt and gather for his food. Some societies like the Arctic Inuit hunts animals for their meat, while others like the Kung of Southern Africa forages lands for plants. At such early times, they were able to identify between edible and poisonous ones from experience (Chauhan, 2012). As man settles to form villages, they also learned to domesticate animals and plants. There were stories that surrounds the discovery how planting of seeds and growth of ...

Analytical methods to evaluate seed dormancy in legumes

Abstract Legumes are known to have multiple health benefits. The seed coat in particular contains a number of bioactive compounds which possess antioxidant activity. Of great interest is the relationship between the chemical composition of the seed coat and its role in seed dormancy. Modern technological approaches are currently used to further identify these compounds and determine their role in seed development; these include NRIS FTIR, mass spectroscopy, electron microscopy and chromatography. The following review describes the constituents of the legume seed coat and their respective roles in dormancy and other stages of seed development. The review also highlights ...

Analysis of Jared Diamond’s “Guns, Germs, and Steel”

When reading about human history, there are patterns surrounding certain parts of the world, while other places don’t fit into these patterns; hunters and gatherers became farmers, spoken words became written language, villages became cities, etc. Most history books published in past decades contain a perspective that focuses on Europe when talking about the development of human societies. In the very same history books, it becomes obvious that the people of Europe and Asia were some of the first in the development of technology and their economy, but sometimes they were invaders and attacked others. This makes a person question ...

Introduction

Beginning with stone tools to the current high-tech communication devices, human beings have made countless innovations throughout history. The people who lived during the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods invented many things. This paper presents a discussion of the course readings on the Paleolithic people during the Ice Age, the early Neolithic farming methods, and the society during the New World era.

Part 1

The people of the Upper Paleolithic period formed the first part of the discussion in part one of the course. The period began about 2 million years ago and ended about 10,000 years ago. This period is also ...

Question One

The Neolithic period refers to the cultural period of the Stone Age that is approximated to have begun about 10,000 in the Middle East and later extended in other regions of the world. This period is characterized by the development of agriculture in these regions as well as the making of polished stone implements (Ravilious, 2013, p. 38). This age is considered as the final part of the Stone Age. The era followed the terminal Holocene Epipalaeolithic periods and begun with the rise of farming that brought about agricultural revolution, also referred to as the Neolithic Revolution. In ...

The definition of humans in the past was greatly majored on the ape-like features that made their separation between humans and the apes difficult. In this case, human’s beings were defined as archaic humans with lower brain capacity. However, apart from the characteristics provided, there was no any single accepted definition of human beings. Therefore, there were no adequate definitions. Currently, the term human being refers to the only extant species of the genus Homo. Homo sapiens refer to the anatomically modern man who evolved from the archaic human beings. -What are the characteristics of a civilization? How do ...

Guns, Germs and Steel

This book by Jared Diamond is based on scientific fact and seeks to explain the reason why Eurasia has always seemed to be ahead of the rest of the world when it comes to genetic superiority. The book suggests that the biggest advantage that Eurasia had was its geography, which by large favored farming activities like planting of crops and rearing of domestic animals. It is documented therein that humans started food production approximately 11000 years ago, despite having fed off the wild for over 7 million years. Guns, Germs and Steel speaks about the earliest of human ...

The development of cities was caused by accelerated by the domestication of previously wild animals and plants. In the initial stages of the development of man, hunting and gathering was the main economic activity. Food was obtained from wild animals which hunted by the people as well as wild fruits that were gathered. However, with time, man began to domesticate some of the docile animals like cows and goats. Having done so, it was easy for the people to access food without having to hunt for wild animals. Crops were also planted within the villages to make sure that ...

VIDEO SUMMARY 1-5

VIDEO 1 This presentation is all about gene expression in the plant especially in flowers. The main interest relates to the consequences of gene duplication on affected flowers. Gene duplication occurs in several different ways. During this occurrence of the duplication, there are some features that are related to the duplication. Some of the features are the gene loss (mutation), new function (New functionalization), and subfunctionalization. The project also talked about different part of flowers and what genes are responsible for such expression. The classes of genes that are listed are the A-class genes, B-class genes, C-class genes, ...

Hunting and gathering can be defined as subsistence mode through which people obtain food from wild resources without relying on domesticated animal or plants. Hunting and gathering dominated in two and half million years ago before people took agriculture seriously. Some people practice the same system of living, but the percentage has lowered due to increased population. Just like domestication of animals and plants, hunting and gathering is a way of living that requires less time and concentration. Some of the misconceptions on hunting and gathering include the notion that people had to hunt for meat whereas they used ...

Plant and animal domestication has been one of the most significant developments to occur in the past thirteen thousand years, in human history. This development is of interest to all of us because it provides most of the food we consume today. It was required in the rise of civilization and was responsible for the transformation of global demography. Domestication, however, had its own consequences such as the development of epidemic infectious diseases. The main human killers since the development of agriculture have mostly been acute, epidemic, and highly infectious diseases that are confined to human beings and ...

Introduction: General History of the Second World War

The Second World War has instigated several nations to enter into conflict against one another as they associate themselves into two major factions – the Axis powers led by Germany, Japan and Italy, and the Allied forces led by France, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK). Notably, the Second World War has extended its destructive reach beyond the Western world consisting of Europe and North America towards the Asia-Pacific region, having coincided with the plan of Japan to invade mainland China dating to 1937, then known officially as the Republic of China. ...

This is a series of six films documentary which elaborates the origin of the industrial revolution. The movie gives the reasons why the island on the coast in the mainland of Europe became a great industrial center while the most promising regions like China lagged behind. The movie initially shows the worst and the best aspects of industrial revolution .the movie goes deeper into many years and millenniums ago in showing the trend of the factors which led to industrial revolution. The movies tries to answer the parable of what the industrial revolution is and when it started as well as ...

Alfred Crosby (37) asserts that the Columbian Exchange happened when Christopher Columbus landed in the Americas in 1492. This was when there had been a substantial interchange or swapping of goods, animals, dwellers and slaves, as well as infectious diseases between the Old World, which was the Eastern Hemisphere and the New World, which was the Western Hemisphere. Man’s movement to another place, along with illnesses and afflictions is the main doer or stimulant to an outbreak. In addition, Crosby (31) says that illnesses were transmitted from Europeans to Native Americans and from Native Americans to Europeans. This ...

The European Union has been focused on realising the aspirations and nobles of economic cooperation and the free market concept. Indeed, the development of the European Union has so far been successful with the latest indications pointing to a possible political confederation. Even with the social and political developments afloat, the main objective remains economic cooperation. In the realization of economic cooperation, the market has had to be liberalized and any forms of protectionism by nations have had to be discarded. This process has assumed a political and legal character. For most of the policies of the European Union, the trajectory ...

- Where do we come from? The Christian had a theory of creation of man by God. The archeologist on the other hand believed in revolution where man came after the apes changed their body complexity. The Charles Darwin theory of revolution came up when scientists started questioning the realism of the creation theory taught from the bible. The Judea Christians tried to explain the rise of human beings by talking of a younger earth that existed millions of years ago. Theory by Queen Victoria dictated that the earth was a mass that was growing old. The growth of the earth ...

BIO 204 101 13S

Abstract For many years, human beings have continued to suffer from diseases, both the kind caused by their own bodies as their age degenerated and the kind caused by infectious pathogens. During this time, human beings have constantly developed new ways of eating and living, and actual genetic or physical changes have evolved with the aim of minimizing the impacts of these diseases. This paper seeks to examine the issues of societal/cultural changes, the origins of human diseases and bioterrorism. This includes examining historical societal/cultural changes for human evolution are responsible in transmission of diseases to human beings ...

The Changing Role of Women in America: Thesis Statement

Thesis: Women have long been considered second class citizens (if considered citizens at all!) throughout the course of American history. Often dismissed from history books, I feel that it is important to recognize the contributions of women to the American nature. By carefully analyzing important events, I endeavor to draw out examples of how women have helped shape our nation. By looking at gender roles one can determine how these roles played a part in the American society and how they have changed. I propose that women did indeed provide instrumental support in the development of the American nation and ...

Ancient Egyptian and Sumerian societies highlighted their cultures in a number of media. Literature became one symbolic means of expression through alluring poetry and epic. The following examples provide an explication of the cultural and societal beliefs of each ancient nation. The relative differences and similarities of each culture are also vital in creating a better relationship between each society. The marriage of Nergal and Ereshkigal is a significant creation that narrates the myths of Mesopotamian gods. The dominant belief that emanates from this poem reflects on human sexuality and the alluvial relationship between different sexes. The goddess and the god ...

The museum of man is an enriching resource center to help people understand where man came from, how long he has been on earth and his general history. It is interesting to learn that present man was originally primitive and ape like in nature. The evolution of man reveals his ancestry across various periods form an apelike nature to Homo sapiens or modern man. This evolution covers all factors of man’s life including his lifestyle, language factors, genetic and archeological development (20). Primates have similar physical traits that classify them uniquely among the four legged creatures. First man ...

Arguably, there are two main actions that human beings are involved. As a matter of fact, production and consumption are two concepts that are in the mind of every individual. There are various consumption and production habits that humans have related to material resources. Sustainability is decidedly crucial in the world today; hence, consumption and production habits must focus on attaining sustainability in the globe. Consumption and production habits are believed to vary from one community or geographical region to another due to variation of culture and lifestyle. For example, there are individuals who are forced to have certain consumption ...

Origin of Species: A Reflection

Darwin (1859) offers a description to the events that are shaping the biological nature while resulting to the creation of a new species and biodiversity. Darwin argues that animal and plants characteristics are shaped and modified by the intervening environmental conditions. Single species of organisms may lose common features when exposed to varied intervening environments, while those that are placed in the same environment would retain the common features. Similar variations are known to effect under nature. Darwin argues that such changes are what have resulted in the biodiversity, as organisms are treated to varied environmental conditions. Naturally, organisms are ...

Introduction

History plays significance role in the human life since it involves changes, role of material circumstances, and various historical events. Various historical patterns in the ancient history had a lot of significance to the people. From ancient times, man has been looking for ways and means of sustaining life. The ancestors never used the present technology but could manage to feed their families and live a healthy life. Agriculture is the ability of people to produce their own food supply and begun more than 10000 years ago. Agricultural revolution in Europe and Asia started with domestication of plants and the domestication ...

Introduction

The analysis of Ecological Basis for Aztec Sacrifice by Harner looks at the article that Harner has projected. The Aztecs have conducted sacrifices so as to enhance their diet by use of cannibalism. This is emphasized through the ritualized human sacrifice plus the absolute numbers of victims that are involved. This has been documented as evidence for the cultural behaviors in the ethnographic record, in the world. The paper has proposed an evolutionary and ecological theory for the explanation of the strange behavior and maturity of the Aztec sacrificial multifaceted. This is seen as an accepted significance of the ...

The massive pyramids of Giza:

Question 1 options:

Were the only pyramids ever built in ancient Egypt, and likely their construction was so expensive that it led to the collapse of the Egyptian state

Were the invention of King Tutenkamen, and contained the wealthiest burials ever excavated by archaeologists

Can trace their architectural development from earlier stepped pyramids of Djoser and earlier mastaba morturary architecture

Were built entirely of mud brick and mortar by Egyptian slaves

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Question 2 (2 points)

Domestication and the transition to agriculture happened as an independent event:

Question 2 options:

simultaneously at the end of the ice age in 5 different parts of the ...

What were the settlements and lifestle of the people living in during the Mesolithic (i.e. Kebarans discussed in Ristvet, Ch 2)? The settlement and lifestyle of the people who lived in the Mesolithic period comprised of people who had a nomadic lifestyle .They were hunter gatherers who had adopted fishing as one of their characteristics. What are the consequences of farming, in terms of both physical health of people and changed social relations, economics, etc? (Diamond 1987 and Ristvet Ch. 2) The adoptability of farming brings forth the improvements of the health of people .farming enables ...