Essays on Ebola Virus

The Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is one of the most recent epidemics in Western Africa. People fear this type of disease due to its contagious characteristic and high mortality rate. The EVD is caused by the groups of Ebola viruses and it could affect humans and several species of primates. In 2015, there are more than 28,000 cases of EVD reported in West Africa which resulted to more than 11,000 deaths (Uyeki et al. np). Challenges to combat the effects of this epidemic have been the major barriers in West Africa such as lack of resources and ...

Introduction

The Ebola virus has existed for centuries. Like all life forms and viruses, it has been changing and adapting since the beginning of time to survive. Despite this the disease did not make itself known until the twentieth century. However, once the virus revealed itself only three major outbreaks have occurred. There were two in 1976 and one which took started in 2014 (CDC, 2015). The latest outbreak has been the longest and worst, effecting numerous countries such as, Mali, Nigeria, Liberia and Senegal in West Africa (CDC, 2015). This paper will look at the scientific aspects of the ...

Ebola virus disease, formerly described as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, refers to a severe illness that is usually deadly in humans. Wild animals transmit the virus to human populations where it spreads through direct contact with infected bodily fluids. Typically, the disease has a fatality rate of nearly 50% with past outbreak cases recording fatality rates ranging between 25% and 90% (World Health Organization (WHO), 2016). For example, an Ebola epidemic in West Africa reported in 2014 caused global panic because it was “the largest and most complex Ebola outbreak since the Ebola virus was first discovered” (WHO, 2016). In ...

Detailed Outline

I. Abstract

A. Brief summary of the project

What is Ebola Where Ebola originated and the causes for it In this respect, J. Boulton states that Ebola was “up until now a little known tropical disease”. (Boulton, 2015) The purpose is to show why the Ebola has evolved from the unknown disease to an epidemic that swept all over Africa and threatened the rest of the world.

Studies conducted on Ebola and why they are important.

II. Introduction Ebola is a dangerous disease, also known as Ebola virus disease(EVD) or Ebola hemorrhagic fever. It is caused in humans by ebolaviruses. The main symptoms of the disease involve vomiting and diarrhea as well as ...

In the last years of the 1970s, there was global concern over the discovery of a deadly virus that resulted in outbreaks of a hemorrhagic fever in West Africa (Peters & LeDuc, 1999). The high rate of death and the contagious nature of the disease was a cause of concern to the international medical community and researchers combined efforts to discover the cause, etiology, effective therapies, and methods of control of what would come to be known as the Ebola virus. Although there have been few cases reported outside West Africa, the potential for the spread of the disease prompts ...

Definition:

Ebola virus, well known for its hemorrhagic effects produced inside as well as outside of body. This virus progresses with bleeding, which leads to organ failure and if not treated properly can also cause death. ("Ebola virus and Marburg virus - Mayo Clinic", 2016). Ebola is also termed as Ebola Hemorrhagic fever because of its hemorrhagic property and it is also known to cause the death of 90% effected people ("Ebola Virus: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention", 2016). There are 5 strains of this virus and four of them are known to cause deadly symptoms like hemorrhage. Ebola have its ...

1. Introduction a. The outbreaks of the Ebola virus in West Africa have generated significant concern due to the high death rate and contagious nature (Peters & LeDuc, 1999). b. Differences in the fatality rates in Ebola infection over the last decades probably are a reflection of advances in diagnostic accuracy, proficiency in acute care stages, and identification of infection sources (Laupland & Valiquette, 2014). c. Although cases are rare and primarily confined to West Africa, there is concern of a possible pandemic secondary to ease of international transport of contaminated people and goods. d. The transmission is through blood and ...

The following is the summary of the article titled, Ebola Virus Outbreak 2014: Clinical Review for Emergency Physicians. The outbreak that took place in West Africa in 2014, is one of the largest Ebola outbreak reported in the history of the disease. Ebola virus causes a serious infection that is characterized by coagulopathies and septic shock. As of today, there is no effective cure for Ebola. The management of the disease is mainly through supportive therapy. The article aims to support physicians working in areas of Ebola outbreak with the essential information about the disease management, control and prevention. ...

1. The Ebola virus is a virus that belongs to the Filoviridae family of viruses. It causes a severe disease that has fatal consequences in the majority of the cases. Ebola appeared in 1976 in Africa when two deadly outbreaks happened. Besides, the Ebola virus is a general name that comprises a few species such as Bundibugyo ebolavirus, Zaire ebolavirus, Sudan ebolavirus, Reston ebolavirus, and Tai Forest ebolavirus, also known by its former name as Cote d’Ivoire ebolavirus (World Health Organization, 2011, p. 3). The majority of these subtypes (4 out of 5) originates from Africa and occurs ...

A recent study demonstrated that most people depend on media as the primary source of health information (WHO Ebola Response Team, 2014). Consequently, this contributes significantly to the improvement of fitness and knowledge among the public. The health messages come from different mass media channels based on the needs of the reader. However, such information falls under scrutiny due to allegations of its reliability and clarity to the audience processing the messages. Survey analysis indicates that the media coverage relies partially on statistics findings from reports published about medical trial results and disease incidences. Thus, they are bound to ...

Analyze major events and technological advantages that influenced modern Health Care Information Systems.

If we go back to look at the healthcare system of the 1960’s we will see two major payers Medicare and Medicaid. The database systems of these payers were crude and primary at best and that did not make much difference because the payers only accepted payer claims that were handwritten by a secretary. Moving to the 1970’s brings the advent of the large clinical labs and pharmacy. Computers in the 1970’s began in single departments and consecutive departments were added one the viability was proven on each single department. The 1980’s is the time ...

The current Ebola outbreak has been termed as the largest outbreak in West Africa posing a threat to the public health not only locally, but also internationally. The latest outbreak began in late 2013 in Guinea and later dispersed in Liberia in March 2014. By August 14, 19 case of Ebola virus disease (EVD) have been reported in Liberal, which was 12 percent of 810 cases of the diseases reported globally (Arwady et al. 2015). In 1976, the outbreak was associated with 318 cases. However, the prevalence of the disease throughout 2014 revealed the lack of preparedness procedures and ...

Article Critique

Melissa. “Occupational Safety and Health Protections against Ebola Virus Disease.” American Journal of Industrial Medicine 1 April 2015. Web. 31 March 2016. The problem that this article addresses is the potential for transmission of the Ebola virus in the workplace. The authors point out that, when the virus briefly came to the United States, the public health system responded on the basis of assumptions formed during prior outbreaks, specifically the conclusion that transmission could only happen if one came into direct contact with patients who were already infected. However, the most recent Ebola outbreak did not require the same ...

Biology

Pests are regarded as organisms that poses characteristics which are usually unwanted or damaging, since it mainly harms the ecosystem or even carries germs. According to Prins and Gordon (2014), agricultural sector suffers a huge blow due to mammalian pests (p.429). there exists one mammalian pest that harms the ecosystem as well as the agricultural sector. It is called Gazella kadudu. Gazella kadudu is a wild gazelle that excretes feaces which when it comes into contact with water body, it kills the organisms like fish and frog in the habitat. It is also a carrier of the deadly Ebola ...

Overview

The global disease epidemiology and control provides information on disease surveillance activities. The sector conducts research about communicable disease outbreak and provides the public with necessary information about causative agents, prevention, and control strategies. The purpose of this paper is to investigate epidemiology in public and global health by analyzing an article about factors influencing the spread of Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa and the impact of the research on nursing practice.

Article Summary

The article was written by Gambacorti-Passerini, Mussolin, and Brugieres on January 7, 2016. Authors aimed at investigating the role of different cultural factors and the physiology ...

Introduction

First discovered in the year of 1976 after an outbreak in South Sudan (Gatherer, 2014), Ebola is considered as one of the deadliest medical conditions effecting the world along with cancers and AIDS. The disease is highly communicable and contagious even after the death of the victim and, therefore, has become deadlier in a world that is well connected, with thousands of people travelling from one place to another (Goeijenbier, van Kampen, Reusken, Koopmans and van Gorp, 2014). The recent outbreak in the African continent has led the world to shift gears to high alerts for any prospective Ebola victims ...

Creative thinking is a term that can encompass all fields of human knowledge and expertise. Creative thinkers are the greatest assets that humankind can boast of; they are the inventors and the people who challenge the conventional ways to arise with new methods of doing things. Highly creative people have numerous attributes that they share, from rejecting the conventional way of doing things through multiple approaches to problems to finally a future-oriented outlook.

I consider inventors to be the most creative people around. The inventors view problems differently from other people. While most people just accept things the way they ...

The human race is facing serious threats from killer diseases caused by mutated viruses. Killer epidemics are one of the major predicted reasons for the extinction of human race. Kibola the newly identified epidemic is a matter of high concern for medical practitioners as well as pharmaceutical companies. This epidemic spreads through air and water which makes preventive mechanisms very difficult. Since this disease is caused by a mutated form of Ebola virus, the symptoms are almost the same as Ebola. However the mortality rate is three times higher and the spreading rate is also enormously high. The symptoms are high ...

The world has been facing numerous outbreaks of diseases in the recent past. The most pressing outbreak posing a threat to the world now is Ebola. The Ebola virus first emerged in Zaire and Sudan in 1976. It’s from this region that the name Ebola came to be. Ebola a river found in Zaire where the virus was detected. In that year, it infected about two hundred and eighty-four people. The mortality rate was 53%. Later in the same year, about three hundred and eighteen people were infected with a mortality rate of 88% in Zaire. In 1989, imported monkeys from ...

Introduction

The Ebola virus was discovered in the year of 1976, and two leading scientists had played a significant role in this regard. However, the discovery of the disease is decades old to say the least and yet the medical ranks all over the world are baffled by the surmounting need to have an effective remedy for the illness. The physicians cannot do much for the person who had contracted the disease, and the early symptoms of Ebola include development of limited functionality of kidneys and liver. The patient starts to have significant weight loss as well, and he or ...

"I, (student's name), affirm that I have completed this assignment/examination in accordance with the Code of Academic Integrity."

As an outline, the paper will commence by giving a brief introduction on the Ebola pandemic especially in the West African Countries such as Liberia and Sierra Leon. It would lead to the thesis of the paper. It will then give some of the causatives that have been responsible for its outbreak in the regions. Following will be the management, control, as well as, the prevention of the disease, and also the challenges that have been experienced by the health workers who help in the fight against Ebola. The research will then end by giving the ways that could be ...

The center for disease control and prevention define public health as, ‘the science of protecting and improving the health of families and communities through promotion of healthy lifestyles, research for disease and injury prevention and detection and control of infectious diseases’ .The recent Ebola outbreak in west Africa and the first ever transmission of the virus in the united states soil have raised a lot of questions on how CDC handled the outbreak. The outbreak is termed as the worst Ebola outbreak in history with more than 6,000 people has died from the virus mainly in western African country ...

Pandemic Plan

The Ministry of Health (MOH), Guinea on March 21st, 2014 informed the World Health Organization (WHO) about the growing occurrence of Ebola virus disease (EVD). The initial report of the cases derived from Gueckedou, Kissidougou, and Macenta in the overseas district, a vicinity that establishes the boundary with Liberia, and Sierra Leone; and late in the principal town of Conakry. The samples of blood gathered from the early cases and after examination revealed favorable results for Zaire Ebola virus (EBOV) species by RT-PCR at Educational Institute of Pasteur in Lyon, France. The MOH of Liberia confirmed the initial infections of ...

MEMORANDUM

RE : PHARMACEUTICAL LAW AND LIABILITY Dr. Frankenstein may be held liable for products liability in the event that he fails to comply with regulations of the US FDA regulations. There are three theories under the product liability including the Negligence Theory, Strict Liability Theory, and Breach of Warranty Theory. It can be argued that the Wonkavision device is no longer patentable since it is considered part of a prior art for it has been in the market for almost 40 years. However, the fact that it can provide treatment of patients infected with Ebola will qualify it ...

Ebola epidemic again reminded of itself in March this year in Guinea. Since that time, the virus that swept Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Senegal, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Gabon, concentrated mainly in West Africa. However, there was already recorded case of infection in the United States, in Dallas. The family members of the patient infected with a virus were placed under home quarantine. This paper is dedicated to investigation of the question whether the US government should introduce quarantine in the country and in which way. In particular, it will show why quarantine should not be introduced ...

Information about Ebola virus hazard flooded all mass media including TV, radio and internet social media. The controversial information overflowed media after Ebola hemorrhagic fever was declared an epidemic in October. Mass media help authorities and healthcare organizations to spread the proper information about Ebola outbreak and educate everyone how the virus is transmitted, to recognize the first symptoms of the fever, how to act if there was a contact with potentially ill person, how to protect themselves. Analysis of social media posts enables the healthcare professionals to map the disease as it moves across the countries and regions. ...

Ebola is a virus that got its name from the place it is believed to have originated from, River Ebola in Zaire. It was first detected in 1976 and to this day, no one knows where it comes from or its cause. It is a mystery to scientists and even people found in the areas affected because it disappears and later emerges after some time. Some of the places where it has been witnessed include west, central and eastern Africa. There is no known case of survival to this day, and it is believed that it has 100% fatality rate. This ...

Ebola virus made its way to the headlines for the very first time in the late 1970s as the population of Congo and Sudan suffer from a deadly hemorrhagic fever. While it was thought that such outbreaks were controlled in Africa and the rest of the world, the virus startled the United States once again in the year 1989—ten years after the World Health Organization declared the outbreak in Africa (Peters and LeDuc, 1999). Today, Ebola virus continues to haunt the people all over the world as the World Health Organization disclosed another outbreak in Guinea, Sierra Leone, ...

- Timeline of Ebola Outbreaks The world first came to know about Ebola virus in the late 1970s through a series of hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Congo and Sudan. Since then traditional quarantine methods were employed to control the outbreak from the clinics and hospitals in Africa. Research efforts on Ebola began to diminish upon the report of an isolated case in Tandala and a small outbreak in Sudan. However, ten years later (1989) Ebola virus re-emerged on cynomolgous monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) in a research facility in Reston, Virginia in the United States. Such outbreak prompted several laboratory studies to understand ...

The Hot Zone, 3rd ed. (Electronic Version)

I. 1. Centers for Disease Control a) Page 159, 1st paragraph b) It is referred to in the book when it indicated that the main role ofthe Army is to fight military threats while the Centers for Disease Controlshould have the responsibility and authority to fight diseases. c) Centers for Disease Control means government agencies that protect public health through the control and prevention of diseases and the investigation and prevention of emerging diseases. 2. Amplification a) Page 12, 2nd paragraph b) It is referred to in the book when explaining the concept of virusmultiplication. ...

Purpose

This paper presents a proposal on a solution to the current Ebola outbreak that has persistently killed innocent people in West Africa. The problem is unlikely to stop given that the health systems in the region are weak. They cannot sustain or deal with a highly feared disease in the nature of Ebola. Furthermore, the problem will soon be a worldwide epidemic if there is no immediate action. Controlling the spread of the disease is the first thing to look at before taking post preventive, curative measures such special screening and treatment. I suggest that world health bodies such as the United ...

The world at large is at the brink of the great public health disaster called Ebola. The current Ebola outbreak began in December 2013,with the first case detected in Guinea in March 2014. The world is seeing more and more cases of Ebola and despite new public health measures being adopted each day, the epidemic shows no signs of abating. rom the time of its first discovery near the Ebola river in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 1976, the number of reported outbreaks of this disease has been increasing over the years. The 2014 outbreak is the ...

Although both Enterovirus and Ebola virus emerged in the second half of last century, new outbreaks of these virus infections shocked the scientists and the whole society in 2014. It has been proved that Enterovirus (D68) infects mostly children, and Ebola, on the other hand, is observed in adults. Both of these virus diseases are highly dangerous and can cause lethal outcome. What is the most difficult about the treatment of EV-D68 and EVD (Ebola virus disease) is that the vaccine against it was not invented yet, and if children with Enterovirus are likely to recover, the Ebola virus ...

The largest Ebola epidemic of all times plagued the world in 2014. The outbreak started in Guinea in 2014 and then extended to other West African countries in 2014. The worst hit countries are Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia. Other countries including Nigeria, Senegal, United States of America and Spain have reported isolated Ebola cases. However, the three worst hit countries in West Africa bear the largest weight of the epidemic. Since the beginning of the outbreak, there has been 8,399 reported cases and 4,033 deaths related to Ebola. The world health organization and the center for ...

Introduction

Disease outbreaks are very common in the world, and often when they occur, the result is, usually, the death of many people and the infection of many others. In many instances, those who are cured, usually, have to live with the effects of the disease for the rest of their lives. Some diseases are predictable while others are very hard to predict. Departments concerned with public health are tasked with the role of coming up with effective strategies to curb the further spread of the disease once an outbreak has been discovered. The fact that most outbreaks that are ...

(Author’s Full Name) (Institution Name) In fall 2014, the United States of America faced an unprecedented country-wide Ebola virus outbreak. The virus was initially generated in Nigeria and West Africa, but soon became epidemic and spread across the Pacific to the USA. According to a report issued by the World Health Organization (WHO), over 7000 reported cases of Ebola virus and 3500 resulting deaths have been confirmed across the West Africa and USA since December 2013. With mortality rate exceeding 90% and no cure or vaccinations available, Ebola virus has been described by the United Nations as “ ...

Introduction

There are many kinds of diseases that people can contract in different ways, and it is worth noting that any place a person travels to that is infested with a certain disease should steer clear of that place no matter how appealing it is. Now, there are some diseases that, once a person get it, there is no way to get rid of it and are forced to live with it for the rest of their lives. Ebola is one of those disease, and it has affected a multitude of people. Normally, there are shots to prevent certain diseases from ever surfacing but ...

Book Review of

“The Hot Zone” written by Richard Preston is a non-fiction English book published by Anchor in 1995. It contains 420 pages and based on Richard Preston article “Crisis in the Hot Zone.” It is a thriller that deals with the source and occurrences relating to viral hemorrhagic fever especially Ebola viruses and Marburg viruses. The filo viruses, Ebola Virus called EBOV, Sudan Virus called SUDV, Marburg Virus called MARV and Ravn Virus called RAVV are the agents of level four of Biosafety. They are enormously hazardous to humans due to being very contagious and with an extraordinary casualty rate. There is ...

Ebola hemorrhagic fever is a disease caused by an RNA virus. It is a very aggressive virus usually resulting in death. The symptoms are sudden, including headache, joint and muscle pain, and fatigue and fever. In more than half of the cases, bleeding from mucous membranes and needle puncture sites occurs. There is no known treatment for the disease and thus, it is a disease of particular global concern (CDC, 2010). Human cases of Ebola have been reported in several African countries including Sudan, Congo, Gabon, Uganda, and the Ivory Coast. The disease is spread readily through blood or mucous from ...

There are many advantages to living in the age of globalization. Communication around the world is nearly instantaneous, travel time has been reduced dramatically and there are a whole host of other advantages to living in a world with the type of technology that is available today. However, with this free interchange of ideas and the movement of people around the globe comes increased risk for the movement of disease. When disease moves around within a population and is spread by contact between infected individuals, it can quickly become an epidemic. An epidemic is what happens when a certain population begins to show ...