Essays on Eck

1. Crime is one of the major problems in society. It is worth noting that there are various mechanisms that the criminal justice system uses to analyze and prevent criminal activities. Crime analysis s is a critical role that is associated with law enforcement agencies. It entails the systematic analysis for analyzing and identifying the trends and patterns in crime. Crime analysis continues to expand in law enforcement agencies around the world. In crime analysis, there are critical approaches of profiling; it includes the deductive and inductive approaches. There are the differences between inductive and deductive methods of crime ...

Questions and Answer

In order to find the connection between these three terms, first we need to define them. The rule of law, as per Zun, Nollkaemper and Peerenboom (12), denotes the legal principle that accounts for the need of a nation to be governed by law. In other words, it reflects the unlimited exercise of power through subjecting it to well-defined, as well as established laws; laws entrenched in a given constitution of the nation at hand. On the other hand, legitimacy denotes lawfulness of any given thing, and lawful here means it adheres to the laws of a given country’ ...

Video and Computer Games Industry

Organizations rely on environmental scanning to carefully monitor their internal and external environments with the aim of detecting opportunities and threats that may have a bearing on their current and future plans. Changes in technology have contributed to increased dynamics in the video and computer games industry, and companies have been forced to transform and adapt to stay competitive. Enterprises focusing on the retailing of DVD/CD/Computer games have been affected by the advent of competition especially from companies utilizing digital platforms to provide video and computer games to their clients (Grüsser et al., 291). There has been the ...

This paper would be dedicated to the assessment of the food proscriptions and related rituals in Islam. The food rituals of Islam may be generally represented in context of following two perspectives: the ones, pertaining to the food hygiene –Dhabīḥah as prescribed approach towards slaughtering the ritual animal and certification of such food with the symbol of Muslim Consumer Group (1) and premised and prohibited for consumption food (Halal and Haram ) (2).

The food hygiene

It is stated in Qur’an that Muslim may consume the food, which has been cooked by a non-Muslim, in the case if one is not ...

Everyday police work tirelessly to ensure that our streets are safe from criminal offenders. Therefore, different programs are applied to ensure that law and order is upheld. Three common programs; zero tolerance policing, community policing, and problem-oriented policing have thus been applied in various occasions by the police to deal with the law breakers. Zero tolerance policing has plenty of similarities to share with COP and POP and at the same time, there are some differences.

Similarities between Zero Tolerance Policing and COP and POP

Though zero tolerance policing, POP, and COP apply different strategies in executing their services, the biggest similarity they share is that they are ...

Strategic Operational and Investigative Plan for Multiple Daytime Robberies in City X

I. Introduction The act of robbery has been defined by the European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control (2010) as a crime on property which involves the use of violence or any form of threat to the owners of the property. These include bag-snatching, muggings, and theft with violence on a variety of settings ranging from corner streets, open areas, commercial establishments and heists on high-security banks and other private establishments. Among the nations examined by the European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control (2010), the region of Southern Africa was recorded as having the highest median of robberies ...

Video and Computer Games Industry

Organizations rely on environmental scanning to carefully monitor their internal and external environments with the aim of detecting opportunities and threats that may have a bearing on their current and future plans. Changes in technology have contributed to increased dynamics in the video and computer games industry, and companies have been forced to transform and adapt so as to stay competitive. Enterprises focusing on the retailing of DVD/CD/Computer games have been affected by the advent of competition especially from companies utilizing digital platforms to provide video and computer games to their clients (Grüsser et al., 291). There has ...

The Problem Analysis Triangle develops its facts from the routine activity approach in the field of environmental criminology. The problem analysis triangle offers a channel for thinking and solving persistent problems concerning crime and disorder issues. The problem analysis triangle plays a role in criminal activity analysis hence has crime triangle as an alternative name. The theory argues that the occurrence of an offence relies on the presence of three things: the availability of an appropriate target, the absence of a guardian to safeguard the target, and the existence of an enthused offender. Mui and Mailley (2015) argue that ...

Introduction

The Rational Choice Theory is one of the most common and widely accepted theories in criminology. This theory is useful to deter criminal activity by changing the environment that might invite the attention of criminal elements. This theory has a crime displacement application. Most of the initiatives for crime prevention use the Rational Choice Theory. This theory proves that criminals make a rational choice when selecting targets by weighing the pros and cons (Akers, 1990).

Origins of the theory

The history of this theory traces back to the inspiration of Cesare Bonesana-Beccaria’s book, On Crimes and Punishment. Beccaria contended that people decided ...

(Institute/University)

Introduction

Deviance and criminal conduct can be perceived as the “outcome of rational choices based on efforts, rewards, and costs involved,” citing Cornish and Clarke (1998). Moreover, Wang (2005, p. 105) posits that offenders are logical in their thinking patterns and will opt for choices that will reward them. This factor emphasizes the fact that even the most incorrigible and dangerous criminals and offenders will evince a reasonable thinking pattern. This is particularly true for serial criminals who exhibit intelligence to avoid capture. Over time, offenders will be to enhance their decision-making processes. Offenders will look to optimize opportunities ...

The logic behind Random preventive patrol

Patrol is among the fundamental functions that the police force carries out across the globe. Due to the increase in the crime levels, governments have heavily invested in patrol, to ensure that the patrol operations go on smoothly. Random preventive patrol is one of the major components of the wider patrol agenda of the police force. This form of patrol is conducted by police officers who may use a car, bicycle or foot to go around a neighborhood (Sherman & Eck, 2002). The criminology theory behind the use of random preventive patrol is that of deterrence. The assumption that the ...

#1 - The agencies that are included in the National Intelligence are Air force Intelligence, Department of State, and Federal Bureau of Investigation (Office of the Director of National Intelligence, n.d.). The purpose of USAF is to provide intelligence derived from space, airborne, and cyberspace sensors, while the Department of State is the one that handles the collected reports, to which it acts as the focal point within the intelligence community. On the other hand, the FBI is accountable for understanding various threats against the national security. #2 - The changing demographic trends that affect the policing are jurisdiction, ...

The person on trial

The person on trial was Martin Luther. Luther was a German theologian and a leader of the Protestant Reformation. Martin Luther was born to a Saxon miner on November 10, 1483. Luther considered the July 1505 incidence where he narrowly escaped a thunderstorm strike a divine call, which made him start living a profound Christian life (Linder 2).

Luther’s actual legal charges

The church accused Martin of heresy, an act that was condemned by the Catholic Church. Martin Luther was answerable to three charges associated with heresy, which he allegedly spread through his books. First, Luther challenged the absolute authority of the Pope over the church (Linder 3). According ...

Why did Sutherland play such a prominent role in discovering “white-collar crime” in the sense of defining it and making it an object of criminological study? Sutherland’s interest in “white-collar crime” was stirred by the realization that most conventional criminological theories were focused and applicable only to crimes usually perpetrated by the lower-class. He believed that his own theory of differential association was both applicable to lower-class and upper-class individuals. His interest was even more reinforced when the stock market crashed in 1929. With the country and many of the people suffering from economic depression, Sutherland became more ...

Introduction

Although some might use pluralism and diversity interchangeably, they are not the same thing. For example, diversity exists where more than one religion exists in a same area, which is not pluralism. When all these religions in the same location share common beliefs and work together to forge ahead without major differences; that can be called pluralism. Polarization, on the other hand, finds differences in the different religions and opts to separate the two based on the differences. This letter is addressed to a community leader and a radical who does not believe in any other religion other than his own. He ...

Essay

Religion - one of the most important among the many ways in which Americans are involved in the life of their community and society as a whole. Religion in the United States has traditionally played a major role. At all times, America was a virgin land to many religions, as well as the non-interference in religious practice has led to that the U.S. has become very comfortable shelter for small foreign sects. Americans donate more time and money to religious organizations and societies than all other voluntary associations together. About 40% of Americans participate in worship at least once a week (i.e., much ...

"Anyone who makes a distinction between education and entertainment does not know the first thing about either one." - attributed to Marshal McLuhan (Felicia. 1) Technology is a ubiquitous entity, existing and interacting within the daily lives of billions of people globally. Technology is constantly outdoing itself, with new versions of the latest gadget appearing every few months or less. The latest tablet or phone grabs the attention of the public sphere, enrapturing the masses with the latest capabilities and capacities of the hottest device. As a society we are constantly connected to our technology, as it touches most aspects of ...

Introductory Essay – The Differences in the Female Nude

Throughout the history of fine art, one of the many recurring images found within it is the image of the female nude. The appreciation and replication of the female body in its purest form has fascinated artists for centuries, and some variation of it seems to appear in nearly every era or movement of art. To that end, it is interesting to note the changes that occur in style, composition, attitude and meaning between the different eras of art when dealing with the singular, unifying subject of the female nude. This exhibition seeks to examine the female nude in ...

I am writing you this letter with an invitation to change some of your views and consider my arguments. As you know, we completely disagree on a topic of religious diversity. I remember you told me that religious polarization should take place and it seems for you a more desired outcome. I think you should reconsider this and take into account other points of view. I understand that this is what you were taught but I hope you can open your mind to my position. You always look for disagreements in religious beliefs and on that basis you separate yourself from ...

American Grace: How Religion Divides and Unites Us was written by Robert Putman and David Campbell. It gives more information about the aspects of religion in America. In this book, the authors give a wide coverage on the different aspects of religion in the past and contemporary American society. They use appropriate sociological methods in the collection, analysis and presentation of data. First and foremost, they give factual information which is based on their own research and that of the other scholars. A part from relying on their own surveys, they use secondary sources from Gallup, the Pew Religious Landscape ...

When one asks the question: what is crime? He or she can prepare for many answers, the truth is what was not a crime yesterday can very well be a crime today; therefore a universal answer would be anything that the authorities governing a geography location deems illegal is a crime. Crime comes in different categories from felony to misdemeanor. Felonies are characterized as violent crimes, crimes that inflict pain to another’s body: murder and assaults, including domestic violence and assaults committed with motor vehicles; sexual violence; and mental violence. Physical crimes-crimes that inflict pain or death on another person’s body, ...

Introduction

Most video games are narrated in English and require at least basic English ability. In most games, regardless of genre, the four major language domains are included: reading, writing, speaking, and listening. With the emergence of online gaming, people from all around the world have the opportunity to communicate and strategize while being truly engaged in their task. While most of these tasks are purely for entertainment, there is often learning taking place at an efficient and enjoyable level. While developing a framework for engagement theory, Kearsley & Schneiderman (1999) suggested that: Students must be meaningfully engaged in learning activities ...

Video games are one of the most prominent mediums of entertainment for modern youth. The growing prevalence of violent content in video games has been a cause of concern among sections of the society. The subject has been researched extensively and it has been found that video games can have both, a positive as well as negative impact on the mind and behavior of players. Gee (2007) defines video gaming as a “proactive production of story elements, a visual-motoric-auditory-decision-making symphony, and a unique real-virtual story which produces a new form of performance art co-produced by players and designers”. Gee goes on to say that ...

When the Past and Present Collide - Can One Speak of World Civilizing?

Looking back into millennia of human history, historians and academics in general are keen to view the process of human development as evolution and progression. In this context, academics are likely to argue that the world is moving towards civilizing and subsequent improvement of inter-human relations. This statement has its reasons for existence, and, in fact, the experience of the last century has proved that total war would simply mean annihilation of human being from the face of the Earth. On the other hand, interpersonal conflicts remained an every-day reality of contemporary societies. Another argument against pacification of human ...

The paper is based on the article written by Ken Peak an Assistant Professor in the magazine The Police Chief of October 2012 with the titled, “community policing and CompStat: Merged or mutually exclusive?”. It is published monthly by the University of Nevada, Reno. The double terrorists attack on the government buildings i.e. the Pentagon House and the World Trade Center on 9th November 2001 changed the operations of the police in the United States of America. The government and communities realized the need to come up with new and sophisticated strategies to counter terrorist threats in the ...

Native Americans are the indigenous people of America. They had lived in America for thousands of years before the Europeans began exploring the continent in the 15th century. The Native Americans are made up of numerous distinct American tribes and ethnic groups. They are categorized as the American Indians or Indians, the native Hawaiians, and the Alaskan Natives. Currently, the Navajo tribe is the largest Native American tribe of the North American Indians. The first part of this paper discusses the Navajo tribe. It provides a brief history of the tribe, highlights where they originated from, and reveals where they ...

Introduction

The Western world has been characterized with various systems of criminal prosecution. Each system is renowned manly by the trend adapted in deciding on the public prosecution. For instance, looking at the continental England, it is the sole duty of the state to place a dismissal to the prosecutions that have been initiated by the local police. This is a trend that has been initiated since the early 19th century (Jon-Christian 156). The historical Europe is characterized by the state which has entirely been given all the criminal justice implementation initiative. American however has a hybrid criminal prosecution system which has evolved ...

Arguably, there are many religions in this world and they differ in terms of the environment that the followers live in, their beliefs as well as other factors. The major objective of these religions is to worship their God in various ways. Evidence shows that other than the fact that all religions are about worshiping and adoring who or what they belief in, there are other similarities as well as differences between these religions as well, (Zizek, 2000, pp. 657-81). Therefore, this essay will be limited to the analysis of the differences as well as similarities between Christianity and ...

SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT

Proper management is an important undertaking in a given firm. Generally, good management practices in the organization lead to better prospects for the firm. Goal achievement for the respective firm is made easier. Therefore, it is vital that companies adopt the best managerial practices available. In this paper, the one-tier management system is compared with the two-tier management system. The two systems of governance have both positive and negative attributes in regard to the benefits accrued or realized by the respective firm adopting either of them. In this paper, the two management systems will be analyzed critically. Their attributes and ...

“How the Great Chiefs Made the Moon and the Sun” is a Hopi legend. As its name suggests, it is a myth surrounding the creation of the moon and the sun. Many Hopi legends involve the sun as it is a central symbol in Hopi culture. The Hopi Indians, meaning good, peaceful, or wise, come from a group of South-western people called Pueblo.

However, their language is different from that of the Pueblo (Eck, 1998). They currently reside in northeast Arizona, at the south end of the Black Mesa. The Hopi Indians grew food in a similar fashion to the Navajo Indians. Their ...