Essays on Economic Reforms

In spite of the fact that the progressive projects/developments brought about noteworthy hardships — on the rustic populace (the Great Leap Forward, 1958-61) or the savvy people (the Cultural Revolution, 1966-76) — they both delivered solid accomplishments in the wide open that prompted amazing increases in horticultural generation and in individuals' lives. Conversely, the post-Mao time "changes" have come about so far in an enormous development of disparity in China, with the country populace enduring significantly by the destroying of open backing for wellbeing and training. What's more, neighborhood and territorial authorities have sold farmland for improvement purposes, more often than ...

Introduction

Ronald Wilson Reagan was the second President in American postwar history, who ruled two terms. He left office with high public credibility, and greatly contributed to the fact that Vice President George Bush in 1988 was elected as his successor. If you follow the comments of some journalists, political scientists and historians, you would see that any other President after Franklin D. Roosevelt had not implemented a big change in the life of American society than Ronald Reagan. It was about the "conservative revolution", and even "Reagan revolution". In these cases, as a rule, among the main reasons that ...

Introduction

This historiographical essay relies on the works of six authors to discuss the nature of guerrilla warfare and its implications on political, social and economic stabilities of the nations in Latin America. The articles address aspects of terror acts carried out by both insurgents and regimes to engage each other. The historiographical essay is also important in using historical accounts from articles to discuss the factors that contributed to success of revolutionary wars in nations such as Cuba and Nicaragua. The approach taken by the essay is chronologically reviewing by year of publication, what different authors wrote on the ...

The role of the state in the economy: A historical perspective

The role of the state in the economy has been a subject of discussion for many decades with different views emanating from a broad range of the individuals and institutions in the field of economics. Since the early 1900s, various economists have continued to investigate the various roles of the state in economic development. The investigation led to the distinction of the roles in two broad categories, namely; normative and positive roles. Normative roles refer to what exactly the state should do to maximize the welfare of the people. On the other hand, the positive roles outline what the ...

Bangladesh is among the world’s most populous nations, but most of its population is poor. Formerly East Pakistan, Bangladesh gained independence in 1971 after the war with West Pakistan. The size of the country whose capital is Dhaka is 143,998 square meters with a population of 161 million people. The main language for the Bangladesh people is Bengali with the major religions being Islam and Hinduism. Life expectancy is 69 years and 70 years for men and women respectively. The population growth rate is estimated at 1.2 % with infant mortality rate of 45/1000. The city of Dhaka ...

The economy of China occupies the first place in the economies in the world by the nominal GDP, the first by GDP at the purchasing power parity (from 2014). The paper deals with the aim to consider the Chinese modernizing process and economy and to identify the main stages of evolution of the ideas of modernization. This research topic is very interesting, firstly, because of the rapid and successful development of China on the world stage (Songhua). Economic modernization process, acting as the main force of the growing in the sphere of economy and progress of the state is ...

The Ming dynasty in the 1600s made considerable and deliberate efforts in a bid to ensure that its regions remain under one ruler. A Buddhist monk who was also a peasant found the dynasty, rose to the rank of an army general and led a rebellion against the Mongols. The monk assumed the name of Hong Wu and made the decision to have Nanjing as the capital of China, but a latter emperor of the dynasty moved the capital back to Beijing. One of the major roles that Hong Wu assumed as the emperor include reorganizing every aspect of ...

Introduction

The period between 1980s and 1990s remains one of the significant periods in the political arena of China. During this period, the Tiananmen Square protests were witnessed Chinese Communist Party General Secretary Hu Yaobang passed away. Students who demanded democracy and greater transparency in the government led the protests. During these protests, Cui Jian, a Chinese rock artist was one of the main individuals that inspired these students as they advocated for a democratic country. Cui started singing in 1981 and went on to form a band in 1984. He became famous in 1985 when he performed his hit ...

Introduction

Since the end of the Great Wars, the US hegemony has remained superior than other countries and it was clear no one would be able to challenge their dominance in the fields of politics and the economy. Many countries often seek the advice of the US in terms of their political and economic reforms and seek aid to ensure their continuous growth. When there are major conflicts, the US is considered by many countries to act immediately due to its role as a world police. Considering its role in the international arena, many believed that the US would remain ...

The 20th century was a defining time in world history as well as American history. The world war is evolving with the success of the industrial revolution and the mechanized world changing the way things worked every day. There were, however, certain defining moments in American history between the 1920s and 1990s which altered the country’s social, political and security conditions from time to time. However, they have contributed to the progress and later conditions of the country. These include the great 1929’s and the Great Depression, the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor and the 1964 legislation ...

Although China is known to be the home of the world's ancient and most continuous culture, it has experienced many institutional changes since the Communist regime came into power in 1949. In China, foundation of hierarchy and family, social set up was based on relational norms that were expounded by Confucius and Tang Dynasty's legal codes. Such an institutionalized relational kind of logic has shaped the society whereby the order is based on the social obligation to the authorities and family as opposed to the protection of individuals. The country’s history has been marked by two intertwined social ...

Mikhail Gorbachev, the first and the only president of the USSR could go down in history as the greatest reformer. Several times the fate of Gorbachev gave him a historic opportunity to preserve the country and bring it to a new level, but Gorbachev could not do it because of an enormous amount of external circumstances and, above all, his unwillingness to fulfill the mission of the head of a state. Being a very good person by nature and on the top of the pyramid at a crucial moment in the history of Soviet Union, Gorbachev led so called ...

Introduction

The economy of Japan has seen a downturn with the economic crisis in the year 2008. Every country has been faced with the consequences that resulted in different impacts. The paper will present the economic indicators and overall economic situations in the Japan. The background of the country’s economic policies will be present, with international and regional trade agreements. The focus will be on presenting the specific economic data along with the definitions and interpretations. Further on, the current state of the country’s economy will be examined in the light of trade, fiscal and monetary policy.

Background on the country and recent economic policies

Japan ...

Introduction

Product recalls by companies in China is a common phenomenon. In recent years, product recalls have affected Mattel toys, Pet foods, baby milk powder, Dell batteries, and baby bibs from Wal-Mart are some of the companies that have been hit by product recalls. In the case of Mattel, over 20 million toys were recalled in 2007. The recall of Mattel Toys came after safety issues emerged concerning products such as tires, toothpaste, and pet food. The recall of over 20 million toys made by Mattel generated several reactions. Blame is placed on the Chinese government, manufacturers, and even buyers. ...

Thesis statement

The IMF plays a critical role in ensuring financial stability globally. It has been instrumental in resolving various economic crises such as the 2008 financial crisis and the debt crises in Greece and Portugal.

The role of IMF

The fund plays a crucial role in providing advice and technical assistance to member countries to foster good governance. It promotes public sector accountability and transparency (O'Brien and Williams). Its technical assistance helps member states in enhancing the management of their economies by correcting macroeconomic imbalances, implementing economic reforms relating to international trade, exchange rate policies, among other reforms. The IMF also offer loans to ...

Internal and External Issue of Brazil

Introduction The dynamics of the world politics are changing with the passage of time. The nations are experiencing a changing paradigm shift in its internal and external problems. The governments are trying their best to develop different kinds of policies compatible with the needs of the modern era. The living standards of the people are getting affected due to perilous economic issues. Consequently, it is becoming hard to compete even if the government is providing basic necessities for their masses. The analysts have started questioning the credibility of the important government institutions which are directly or indirectly involved in ...

Is Deng Xiaoping’s economic reform from 1978-992 responsible for the progress of China today?

Deng Xiaoping was the China’s leader from 1978-1992 who had a Marxism political ideology but adapted and encouraged market economy and capitalist-like enterprises. His 1990’s reforms were credited for uplifting the lives of 170 million peasants in China and removing them from the poverty level (CNN 1999, par.2-3). This paper will analyze if Deng Xiaoping was responsible for China’s economic progress today. Today (2015), China is now dubbed as one of the fastest growing economies and the second largest economy in ...

The 1980s were a challenging time for the Soviet Union. Industrial stagnation, inefficient economy, low quality and deficit of the consumer goods undermined ideological pressure of the Communist Party, already entered into a deep crisis. The conflict between economic and technological growth needs and the current administrative-command management system was exacerbated. The country leaders have made ​​decisions aimed at overcoming the dictates of departmental bureaucracy, at developing economic methods of management. However, these solutions remained on paper. The USSR were in need of structural political and economic reforms.

Politburo (Executive Committee) members leading the regime for many years were approaching a ...

The progressive era is a historical period of political and economic reforms from 1900 to 1918, which transformed the American society. The various movements during the Progressive era focused on major areas, such as equality, individual rights, economic justice and many others. In the gilded age, there was inequality in many segments of the American society, such as the African Americans, women and immigrants. Advocates of the Democratic Party, Republican Party and members of the third parties focused on specific issues of the country and developed various political, social and economic reforms, which have been influencing the American society until ...

Russia, one of the world’s most dominant countries, was founded as the “Principality of Muscovy” in the early 12th century after emerging from Mongol domination from the 13th to the 15th century . By the turn of the 17th century, the Principality of Muscovy was taken over by the Romanov Dynasty that expanded their territory to the entire Siberian region heading towards the Pacific Ocean. Peter I of the Romanov Dynasty, who ruled from 1682 to 1725, was responsible for naming this territory, which now included the Baltic Sea as “Russia”. Russia continued to expand in the ...

Analysis of the Constitution

Constitution is a set of rules that govern a country. Modern country where the citizens understand and practice democracy, a constitution is very important. It can be a written or unwritten constitution. Written constitution is contained in documents while unwritten constitution is generally contained in the ‘hearts’ of the citizens. Initially when the Western powers were still ruling most of the countries, it was unnecessary to have a constitution for a country. This was because the western powers were using their own rules to govern their colonies. It was a common belief that most of the countries colonized had no ability to govern themselves.

It ...

India: Reforms, Policies, Development

Report

Abstract India’s economic miracle has always been the point of interests for western researchers. India has become a successful example of a rapidly growing economy due to a number of political, economic, social and industrial reforms. This country has become the world’s leader in hi-tech sphere, producing, supporting and implementing the world’s largest volume of software and hardware. In this report, the structural development patterns are shown during several periods, which brought tremendous shifts in economic, agricultural and industrial sphere making India the global leader in numerous aspects. However, efficient reforms have not solved certain social problems ...

‘Instructor’s Name’

Presidents Compared: Reagan and Obama A Chicago tribune article published in the year 2011 states that Obama and Reagan are differently similar. Both these Presidents, though Reagan took office nearly three decades before Obama, have many remarkable similarities. They both came in when the country faced a severe economic crisis, and they both inherited wars- Obama the war on terror; Reagan the cold war & Iranian hostage crisis. They both were expected to do miracles both in the economic and war front, and when they didn’t meet expectations, many political observers were disappointed. Though both of them were ...

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in China stretched 1.80 percent in the final quarter of 2013 over the past quarter. The National Bureau of statistics of China is the body accountable for GDP Growth Rate in China. According to it, China's average GDP Growth Rate is of value 1.99% since 2010 up to 2013 where it arrived at an unbroken high value of 2.60% in the 2nd quarter of the year 2011 and a low record of 1.40%t in the first quarter of 2012. In China, the development rate in GDP measures the change in the occasionally balanced value ...

Introduction

Market capitalism refers to a market in which things like distribution, investment, and production are influenced by demand and supply forces. As such, the prices of both services and goods can be established in an economy with a price system that is free. Alternatively, it can be defined as an economic system where the industry and the country’s trade are controlled by the private sector without any sort of interference from the state. On the other hand, market socialism is one where methods of production and other economic activities are socially owned or publicly owned such as cooperatives. The essay ...

The development of Russia had many historical turning points. These changes were mainly connected with such political figures as Lenin, Stalin, Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Gorbachev, Yeltsin, and Putin. The Soviet economy depended on mostly political decisions but not economic programs. Although the basic economic system in Stalin, Khrushchev, Brezhnev eras remained unchanged, there were some peculiarities in these periods. The effect of Stalin’s policy had a profound impact on people and the state. In 1928, the Communists instituted the first Five-Year Plan. It dealt with such aspects of development as an industry, consumer goods, agriculture, transportation, communications, health, education, and ...

The History of CSR in China before CSR Law

Corporate Social Responsibility has attracted the attention of businesses and governments throughout the globe in recent times. Perhaps, it is imperative to note that the concept of CSR was invented in the United States, and it spread to the rest of the world as a result of world. China is among the leading countries in developing policies to deal with this issue. This history of CSR in China is associated with the emergence of multinational corporations (MNCs) in the country as early as from 1970s, following the economic reforms of the country (USA China Law Group, 2013). Prior to the ...

Introduction

Ancient Societies existed through a lot of strife politically, economically and socially. This essay explains issues in relation to the creation of a better world through the eyes of Confucius and Socrates. It also examines the crisis of the third century in the Roman Empire as well as the feudalism. States and Empires managed to overcome their challenges through socio-economic, as well as political reforms.

Creation of a better world

Confucius, the most significant Chinese philosopher, believes and teaches that the nature of men is the same but their habits separate them. He also believed that one should not do to others that which he would ...

Forewords

South Korea is an East Asian nation located in the southern part of the Korea Peninsula. Prior to 1948, the South and North Korea were one nation under different occupying forces. The forces of the United States occupied the south while the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) occupied the north. However, in 1948 after the World War II, the nation of South Korea was established, and the two parts were partitioned. This partition caused unbalanced economic units. This was because North Korea controlled majority of the natural resources and heavy industries which were created during the time in ...

Counter Argument: America is a diverse nation, which has built itself up through various struggles and valor. People of America need to have best of the resources as the land of dreams promises it, and government cannot let jobs to be outsourced to other nations. There should be more job opportunities American citizens inside the country at current prices rather than being outsourced to Asian countries, and then only, America can compete with China. There should be encouragement for American industry and more buyouts be introduced by the government to uplift it better performance. However, this whole function does not ...

Introduction1

- China Blue1 - Bitter Seeds1

Overview of China and India1

- similarities2 - Differences2 political economy,3 - economic reforms,4 - Resistance to exploitation5 - Living standards5 - Sweat shops6 - Rural urban migration6

International trade ethics7

- World Trade Membership7

China Blue vs Bitter seeds

The main reason we choose to discuss this Jasmines China Blue story is the immense effect it had on young Chinese women. Lured by the urge to be involved in the promising “New China” reformation economic plan, they are leaving their rural villages in their millions and flocking to the cities of especially southern China. What ...

Aside from political reform and development, the international community has also been busy in creating new means to stimulate growth and economic sustainability. Proposals such as reduced tariff, removal of trade barriers, and the introduction of free trade were pronounced by either developed or developing countries. In Latin America, free trade has been a fundamental aspect of the market reforms carried out in the region; however, the results have varied especially with the onset of globalization and the lingering effects of tariff reduction. Some believe that having trade reform to a growing and a potential economy such as Latin America can sustain ...

Essay

Question 1 Many factors influence the economic growth in the developing countries. These factors include internal government policies, political stability, domestic capital formation, investment, export policy and foreign aid among others. Collectively, these factors provide the most significant platform for economies in developing countries. The major problem in developing countries is that they lack proper policy to implement these factors to promote economic growth. This has led to high rates of unemployment, income inequality, inflation and poor economic growth among others. Thus, the paper will evaluate various factors that constitute economic in developing countries. Globalization and income ...

Abstract

The paper focuses on the role of commercial banks in the economic revival of transition economies. It explains the transition economy as economy changing from a centrally planned to free market economy. This exposed the economies of these countries to a trading environment for which they were wholly unprepared and which seriously affected their economy. The economy of these countries experienced severe short-term challenges and long-term constraints on their development. Similarly, the employment and inflation increased gradually in these countries. However, the commercial banks managed to finance the viable enterprises, advise the managers, and liquidate non-viable enterprises that managed to revive ...

Foreign Aid: Nature and Consequences of Foreign Aid in Kenya

The Nature and Consequences of Foreign Aid in Kenya Introduction Kenya in Focus Kenya is known to be one Africa’s struggling economy and severely challenged with poverty and widespread hunger attributed from several domestic factors. However, the international community particularly the wealthy countries including the United States have enacted economic policies ascertaining the aforementioned problems through assistance programs. After gaining independence in 1963, the country became the most economically successful country in East Africa (World Bank, 2003). However, the past two decades of the country’s stability and performance dwindled and resulted to large-scale poverty ...

Myanmar economy has been among the least developed in the world after suffering decades of stagnation due to isolation and mismanagement. One of the most prevalent conditions that have prevented the growth of the country from successful economic development has been the lack of industrial development. The main cause of stagnation in economic development has been the centrally managed economy. The centrally managed economy was an inward looking system of government where all projects were led by the government. Rapid industrialization is an agent of change and rapid economic growth in the current modern world (Kudo). This has been ...

- What are the potential benefits and problems associated with providing foreign aid to countries? How might foreign aid be helpful or harmful according to the two theories discussed in the paper? What does the evidence suggest? It is a common assumption of Benign Dollar Hypothesis that when poor countries are supplied by financial aid from rich countries, they grow economically and alleviate the living conditions of their people. However, the assumption has been falsified by Bauer (1972, 2000) as in his view, foreign aid does not contribute towards economic alleviation of any poor country; rather it prevents any ...

The economy of any country plays a vital role in its prosperity and development. It is no doubt, the back bone in any country’s sustainability. Whenever the system of productivity and consumption of resources is strong in any country, it provides a tool for the economic development. Less than half a century ago, many underdeveloped countries of the world like Hong Kong, Singapore, Turkey and Brazil, have made a rapid growth and are now amongst the wealthy and developed nations of the world. This is all due to some economic reforms their governments have implemented in order to alleviate their people from poverty ...

As domestic markets saturate and internal environments turn more competitive business organizations are increasingly looking at new markets overseas to increase both profitability and market share. India one of the world’s most populous nations promises a huge market share for overseas investors. Most major business players have either entered the Indian market in recent years or are planning a foray in the near future. These include American stalwarts such as Walmart and McDonalds. (Jain, Trehan &Trehan 2012) However globalization is a route which can turn out to be quite tricky if it is not planned properly. When entering a new international ...

Why did Czechoslovakia dissolve peacefully while Yugoslavia did not? Structural concerns and cultural differences account for the differences in the disintegration processes of both nations. II. Czechoslovakia: A Two-State Federation The two-state format of Czechoslovakia made it inherently unstable due to disparities over representation. The centralized nature of the nation and mutual interests pertaining to economic reforms made the dissolution peaceful. III. Yugoslavia: A Harmonious Union Turned Hostile Different predecessor states friendly with one another made possible the formation of Yugoslavia. Political insensitivities brought by the Communist rule of President ...

Introduction

The republic of Cuba is an island which comprises one significantly large island and numerous small ones. Cuba boasts and an area of approximately 110,860km2 and can be safely said to be one of the largest states in the Caribbean. Cuba is barely 160km from Florida. In fact, the Straits of Florida separate the country from Florida while the Windward Passage separates the country from Haiti and finally the Gulf of Mexico and the Yucatan Channel separates the country from Mexico. According to the United Nations report of 2005, Cuba has a population of 11,275,000 with an ...

Introduction

The republic of Cuba is an island which comprises one significantly large island and numerous small ones. Cuba boasts and an area of approximately 110,860km2 and can be safely said to be one of the largest states in the Caribbean. Cuba is barely 160km from Florida. In fact, the Straits of Florida separate the country from Florida while the Windward Passage separates the country from Haiti and finally the Gulf of Mexico and the Yucatan Channel separates the country from Mexico. According to the United Nations report of 2005, Cuba has a population of 11,275,000 with an ...

1. The future of the European Community is in doubt at the present time after long slow development since the end of WWII becoming the European in 1993. a. How did the European Community emerge? The authors Yergin and Stanislaw suggest that the European Community started to emerge after World War II with the Italian Communist turned Democratic Socialist, Altiero Spinelli. Before that time the French FM Monnet had been influential in developing the plan. “In 1941 . . . (Spinelli and two of his fell prisoners) set out to write a manifesto for a new Europe, a united Europe” (Yergin & Stanislaw 6553). ...

Kenya

Unemployment Unemployment refers to a situation in which people are looking for jobs, but can not get even if they are qualified for them. It is one of the major challenges which have been facing Kenya for a long time.

Causes

Some of its major causes include: - Overdependence on agriculture Just like in any other developing country, agriculture is the chief exchange earner for this nation. At least 75% of its population depends on agriculture as the main source of income. However, this leads to seasonal unemployment because of the poor agricultural practices, unfavorable climatically conditions and aridity ( ...

The origins and management of the economic crisis was based on political more than economic reasons

Perhaps the economic crisis is one of the worst events to affect the world after the Great Depression of the 1930s. The crisis had tough effects that it affected the world’s strongest economies such as the United States and majority of European Governments. The financial largesse awarded to affected economies was aimed at enabling governments to re-finance debts. Without the packages and bailouts, many a government would have collapsed from the depth and effects of the crises. A great deal of scholars have attempted to analyze and explain the ideological crisis using all sorts of ideological perspectives. Majority of ...

Former American President Bill Clinton is credited with significant economic reforms including a reduction in public debt and several budget surpluses during his 8-year presidency (Harris). During the recent Democratic National Convention (DNC), Clinton endorsed President Obama for a second term. He voiced his support for the economic reforms achieved under President Obama arguing that no president could have repaired the economic damages in just four years (The Associated Press). He stressed on economic initiatives that have over the last four years created jobs for Americans and increased the number of Americans in middle class.

Clinton asked Americans to give president ...

Introduction

The republic of Cuba is an island which comprises one significantly large island and numerous small ones. Cuba boasts and an area of approximately 110,860km2 and can be safely said to be one of the largest states in the Caribbean. Cuba is barely 160km from Florida. In fact, the Straits of Florida separate the country from Florida while the Windward Passage separates the country from Haiti and finally the Gulf of Mexico and the Yucatan Channel separates the country from Mexico. According to the United Nations report of 2005, Cuba has a population of 11,275,000 with an ...

Theodore Roosevelt is the 26th president of the United States having held office from 1901 – 1909 (Thayer, 2007). He is considered as among the strongest and most energetic presidents in the history of United States. From a general perspective, his key accomplishments are the emphasis on protection of public interest, expansion of the involvement of the United States in world affairs and social and economic reforms. Roosevelt always considered himself as the people’s steward and felt obligated to take any necessary actions for the public good. Even so, he never usurped power and always worked within the confines ...

Patterns of Polity

Introduction: In this excellent book, the author discusses the way in which the Church is governed and how several institutions are merged together to provide one common whole.

Introduction:

The three monotheistic religions, Judaism, Christianity and Islam have all left their particular mark on the city of Jerusalem. Founded in the early days of Solomon, Jerusalem has always been an important bone of contention, both as a historic city but also as a point of reference for religion. Naturally it has also been an important rallying cry for Christianity in the days of the Crusades as well as the development of ...

Ethnic and Religious Tensions in Southern Philippines

The ethnic and religious tensions in the Southern Philippines specifically in the Mindanao region have been a long standing issue. These resulted to a number of lives taken and the dislocation of civilian people. Different presidents and social groups have tried unifying the region but all were failures. Until today, efforts are made by the government to resolve the issues in the aim of giving the residents especially the children a normal life – a life free from war and other conflicts but the situation has not improved. Success has been occasional ceasefires to be broken by either the rebels, militant groups or the ...

(Student’s Name)

Abstract

The present literature aims to study China as the next best contender for the position of Global power in the backdrop of its complex and diverse culture, rocky political history and the social and economic reforms. The study also makes an attempt to analyze the kind of political ideology that is currently being practiced in the country. Various books and research studies were considered to reach to a conclusion with regards to this paper. The trends of the economic development and political stability recorded in the country suggest that it has the potential to stand as ...

Based on the economic state of affairs in Greece, the Greek government in collaboration with international economic organizations, especially the International Monetary Fund (IMF), is in the verge of implementing various structural revenue-side and spending-side economic reforms. Besides, the government, alongside IMF strongly advocate for the mass privatization program to help open investment opportunities, increase level of funds and to boost the country’s growth potential. The IMF is a financial institution recognized internationally for its promotion of exchange rate and monetary stabilization. Specifically, the International Monetary Fund has advocated for the following to help stabilize Greece exchange rate and ...

Introduction:

In this excellent book, David Aikman focuses on the importance of China as a rising power in world religion and raises some intriguing points especially with regard to China also being an ally against radical Islam. Interestingly enough it appears that global politics is also changing in the way religion seems to be the driving force behind everything these days and this is reflected in the book by Aikman.

Review:

The book starts out by pointing out that at least one third of China’s huge 1.4 billion population will be Christian. This brings several factors into account. For many years, ...

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has a special status among Gulf countries and hosts two most holy places of Islam, Mecca and Medina. Ruled by a dynasty, biggest oil exporting country Saudi has a good image in compare to other dynasties of Gulf or Islamic countries of the world. King Abdullah has introduced a number of social, political and economic reforms in the society and these reforms have made some eminent and visible impact on the image and performance of the country internally and in the eyes of world. In the first time in the history of Saudi, a woman was made a deputy ...

Abstract

The Spanish economy was not adequately developed until the 1980s. It was liberalized when Spain joined the European Union (EU) in 1986. The government then began numerous programs aimed at economic reforms. In the 1990s the economy demonstrated steady progress until 2007 when it began to decline. In 2009, it contracted by 3.7% when compared to 2008 when a growth rate of 1.1% occurred. This was caused by many factors including; reduced external and domestic demand; decline in international environment; struggling stock markets; burst real estate industry; and high unemployment rates. The Spanish government has put several measures in place ...

Introduction

When Karl Marx wrote his seminal work, das capital, he never thought that his work would be as influential as events in the 20th century testifies. Karl Marx is thought to be one of the most influential economists of all time (Barnett 46). His ideas were first put in practice by Lenin in Russia. Marx had predicted the revolution of the proletariat to depose the owners of capital in the industrial societies. But this revolution happened in one of the most backward societies in Europe at the time. Together with Leon Trotsky, Lenin established communism in Russia. Lenin came ...