Essays on Electric Shock

The book Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison provides a broad perspective over which a number of issues can be understood. The exposition of the story can be drawn from the point of view of the narrator who provides an in-depth analysis of major chronological events. The speaker aids the audience’s understanding of the psychological growth and moral well-being of his personal development. The nameless narrator tells his life story effectively making it easier to establish the appropriate cognitive progress of the individual. In general, the speaker transforms from a naïve African-American young man, growing up in a ...

Preamble

Children with challenging behavior might pose a danger to themselves or to others. You might have been informed about the challenge of aggressive behavior and the resulting injuries such as lacerations on the students and broken fingers of the teachers as well as the problem of student elopement. There is a proposal to use electric shock devices as an aversion and behavior control technique. This technique is used in other schools in different states. This technique has also gained interest from both side of the argument divide. In advising on the use of the electric shock device an aversion ...

Sound, Waves and Electricity

Question 1 A. As a sound wave through a uniform medium, the wave will experience a gradual reduction in its 1. Power As a sound wave travels through a uniform medium, the amount of energy transmitted into the medium gradually diminishes. This energy which is also the power of the sound wave too diminishes gradually because amplitude in a sound wave is a maximum which diminishes gradually. The speed and frequency of a sound wave travelling through a uniform medium remains constant as the speed and frequency of sound waves are determined by the properties of the medium and ...

Part 1

The results of a personality test indicate a similar personality to what I expected. For instance, I do believe that I am an introvert. Based on the test I scored 5 out of 9, which indicates that I am in the 49th percentile hence an introvert. Additionally, I can relate with information regarding my level of conscientiousness achieved (6 out of 9). The personality test has only shown the weaknesses and strengths that I deal with every day. The structuring of the questions used in the test seem to bring out the qualities whether strengths or weaknesses that ...

Introduction

The study of mental processes and behavior, Psychology, is a rapidly growing field. Until recently Psychology was not accorded the importance it holds in our lives and in some parts of the world the importance of psychology is still largely under-rated. However psychology has time and again proved its effectiveness in cases where it has been used to correct mental problems and also improve lives. In a world where people are subjected to the pressure of achieving and where there are a lot of stress factors psychology is of great importance.

Body

Classical conditioning, a type of conditioning whose originator is Ivan Pavlov, involves ...

PROFESSORINSTITUTION

Operant Conditioning 2 Introduction Operant conditioning is a type of learning where a subject’s behavior is modified through antecedents and consequences. The concept was first discovered by Ivan Pavlov who was studying the digestive system of dogs. The theory of behaviorism was introduced by John B. Watson. Later, B.F. Skinner helped define the mechanics of behaviorism through his work. Over the years behaviorism has grown in popularity and scope. Research has shaped the practice of behaviorism as it has been adapted by many disciplines (education, psychology). The most popular use of Behavioral Therapy today is found in treating ...

How Ordinary Men Became Genocidal Killers in the Holocaust

Introduction The Second World War was a watershed even in the history of the world. Over a period of six years, the War brought to the fore some of the worst excesses of mankind in a purgatory of hate and violence in the form of the Holocaust. The Final Solution, mass extermination of the Jews, left deep scars in the psyche of humanity. While the contours of the Holocaust may have been the product of the skewed brains of Adolf Hitler, the sole blame of the entire saga of mass murder cannot be left at Hitler’s doorstep alone. Millions ...

The use of punishment in the modification of behavior has been used for a long time. However, it has attracted different views with some people being against the use of punishment especially in the management of self-injurious behavior due to the severe injuries associated with the practice. This essay will discuss the use of self-injurious behavior inhibiting system in the management of self-injurious behavior and the ethical issues surrounding the process.

Introduction

Punishment is defined as a change in the environmental change depending on behavior, which results to a reduction in responding over time (Lerman & Vorndran, 2002). Other ways of reducing the response ...

Dowsing is a method used to locate underground objects of interest such as water, valuable minerals, and unmarked graves. Early dowsing was also referred to as water witching since it was mostly used to locate the presence of underground water. Dowsers use a forked divining stick when locating underground minerals and water. The stick is gripped inflexibly in each hand with the forkedend pointing upwards. As they walk over the ground, the stick is twisted suddenly as though moved by a powerful unseen energy. The stick is turned, and the forkedend points down to indicate the location of the water. Different types ...

Introduction

Hazard and risk assessment helps in the identification of health and safety hazard, which helps to engage appropriate measures that ensure high levels of health and safety in the workplace. There are several tools, processes and techniques that are available for conducting hazard and risk assessment in a workplace. In this paper, health and risk assessment is conducted for an office-based workplace using Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), workplace audit and analysis of injury and claims statistics. The workplace has 10 employees conducting a range of computer-based activities, such as website development, computer aided design, data entry, bulk printing and photocopying ...

Stanley Milgram

American scientist Stanley Milgram carried out the Milgram experiment in order to find out whether subordinates would carry out actions that are against their conscience with instructions from their superiors (Zhang et al., 2005). Milgram initiated the Milgram experiment in order to establish whether Adolf Eichmann who was in trial for war crimes in 1961, and his colleagues had common intentions when carrying out war crimes (Milgram, 1974).

The Experiment

Perry (2003) explains that the basic scenario of the experiment requires three people to participate. The volunteer assumes the role of the teacher. The remaining two assume the role of the ...

The Milgram obedience study video shows a set of psychological tests administered to several people that measured their willingness to obey a figure in authority in order to conduct activities which according to them was not well with their conscience. The experiment involved one subject administering electric shock to an actor subject each time they got a question wrong. The level of electric shock kept increasing as the subject kept failing to answer correctly. As the levels kept increasing, the subjects administering the shocks had conflicting opinions on whether to continue with the experiment or to stop due to the pain that ...

Operant Conditioning

Several factors role-play to shape human and animal behavior. To a great extent, the environment, using rewards and punishment, trains human beings and animals to behave in a particular manner- a training that has since been famously named Operant Conditioning. Operant conditioning, therefore, implies the use of environmental consequences (positive and negative) to enhance to frequency at which a desirable behavior is repeated or to discourage repetition of undesirable behavior (Coon & Mitterer, 2010). First investigated by E. L. Thorndike (1874-1949) and later refined by B. F. Skinner (1904-1990), classical conditioning, as it is also called, forms relationship between the behavior and consequences thereby ...

Ken Kesey (1935 – 2001) published One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest in 1962 – a crucial point in American social history. The McCarthyism of the 1950’s was receding and Kesey’s novel seems, in retrospect to foreshadow or to anticipate the enormous social changes that were to come to in the 1960’s – from the Civil Rights movement to the explosion of rock music, from hippies to experimentation with drugs, from alternative lifestyles to Woodstock. Kesey had worked in a mental hospital while he was a student and was partly drawing on his own experiences of what he he saw and ...