Essays on Endonuclease

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Introduction of restriction enzymes Restriction enzymes are highly diverse set of enzymes in bacteria that are used to identify specific 4- to 8-bp sequences referred to as restriction sites and cleave DNA strands internally at this site. These enzymes protect the bacteria from foreign DNA molecules such as those of phages. Restriction enzymes identify specific nucleotide sequences to differentiate between the “domestic” and “foreign” DNA. It attaches to the “recognition site” and breaks both strands of the DNA (Kufe et al.). Restriction enzymes may include EcoRV, EcoRI, and HindIII. EcoRV belongs to the type II restriction/modification system ...

1. In your own words explain why this paper is important or significant The article is very informative and significant since it introduces another breakthrough in DNA sequencing and analysis. It highlights the polymerase chain reaction which is the new way of identifying mutant genes in both homozygous and heterozygous organisms. The technique uses primers to amplify segments of the DNA by many folds such that it clearly identifies the mutant genes faster than all the other methods. The paper points out important milestones that genomics and gene sequencing has undergone over the years. Geneticists usually use the ...

Molecular Diagnostics

Genomic Evaluation of Risk of Atrial Fibrillation and Alzheimer’s Disease

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Abstract The aim to of this series of experiments is to examine a patient’s DNA for association to atrial fibrillation (AF) and Alzheimer’s disease. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2200733, associated with an increased chance of development of atrial fibrillation. Two SNPs: rs439358 and the rs7412, located within exon4 of the human apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene are associated with increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. Isolation of the DNA from patient white blood cells, followed by PCR-RFLP and cycle sequencing are among the techniques ...

Arguably, much research is being carried out to develop strongest antiviral drugs that can treat many viruses. At St. Jude Childrens Research Hospital, scientists assert that certain drugs can be used to inhibit and target an enzyme essential for influenza virus replication. In this case, drug molecules that designed to deal with influenza can be adapted to treat various viruses. The new strains have emerged due to development of influenza vaccine. Medical experts' belief that the development of very virulent strains may lead to a catastrophe. The process of developing such development may lead to the development of drugs that ...