Essays on Endpoints

Heart failure’s context exemplifies the important role played by nurses in addressing social and health care challenges that confront aging populations. Heart failure (HF) is a common phenomenon throughout the world. Over two million patients in Japan, five million individuals in the US, and six million patients in Europe suffer from HF (Boisvert et al., 2015). Moreover, nearly one million people are diagnosed with the disease every year globally. The illness is further associated with an increase in the prevalence of various comorbidities and chronic conditions. Accordingly, cases of HF are complex and include an elevated risk of ...

In the Society of Toxicology’s (SOT) public policy statement, toxicology is defined as the study of the interaction of chemical substances with living tissue in the context of the following issues: how they affect a biological organism’s processes, how to reduce the chemical substance’s potential harm to the organism, and what are safe levels of exposure (Society of Toxicology, 1999). The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the SOT’s position statement on animal testing. The topics addressed in the paper are how toxicity levels are determined, the application of SOT principles to course material, ...

The problem seeks the dimension of the cylindrical tin can that is capable of holding 14 cubic inches of liquid, and has the smallest surface area. Before we can determine the dimension, let us consider the volume, V, of this cylindrical tin can, which is the product of the area of the circular base with radius r, and the height h of the cylinder, and the surface area of the tin can, A, which is the area of the circular base, the circular top, and around the sides. V= πr2h (1) 14= πr2h h= 14πr2 (2) A=2πr2+ ...

Final Assignment

Both Bridges and Switches work on the data link layer of the OSI Model. However, switches are more advanced. Discuss how a switch has an advantage over a bridge in a network then elaborate more on the technology implemented in switches to control broadcast domains A bridge is a two interfaces device that creates two collision domains. This is because it forwards the traffic received from one interface only to the interface where layer two devices is connected (Olenewa, 2014). Bridges serves the main function of reading the destination of MAC address to forward the traffic only to the interface where it ...

Section 1: Foundation of the Study

The majority of business information is stored electronically, creating the need for a system of securing this information. As the systems providing computer and internet security becomes more and more complex, security is increasingly compromised. Interlopers and hackers continue to create new and more creative means of gaining entry to information stored on networks, and users are facing an increased number of security attacks. Surprisingly, despite the variety and amount of security risks, security tools designed to counter these are slow to develop appear for business consumption (Garcia-Teodoro et al, 2009). With the introduction of new technological trends, information technology ( ...

Synchronous learning is an environment of learning in which everyone takes part at the same time. Lecture can be viewed as an example of this type of learning in a face-to-face environment. In this, learners and teachers are present all at the same place and in the same time. Long before technology enabled synchronous learning, most of the online learning was carried out through asynchronous methods. Since various tools for synchronous education have become available, most of the people are viewing them as a way to help decrease the difficulties related to transactional distance that are present in online education. ...

INTRODUCTION

The protocols at the transport layer of the OSI reference model provides an end-to-end data delivery service for application processes to exchange messages over the Internet. Protocols operating in the Transport layer use the services of the Internet Protocol (IP) to deliver messages. Many protocols exist at his layer and one of the most important protocols at this layer is Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) for the delivery of data between the Application Layer and the Internet Layer. The shortcoming of IP to guarantee the delivery of datagrams is overcome by TCP by setting up a virtual circuit between the communicating ...

Emergency Network Security Monitoring

This refers to the collection, analysis, of indications and warnings to detect and respond to intrusions in a computer network during a crisis. All computer networks have vulnerabilities that both external and internal intruders are likely to attack. The threats may come over wired or wireless networks. Network Security Monitoring uses indicators to detect threats to an organization’s security. Indicators are activities that show the intruder's intentions. Intrusion Detections Systems compile the indicators and forward them to an analyst. The analyst interprets the information, and if need be, gives a warning to the supervisor for corrective decision-making. Decision makers use ...

Drug Development Slides

What are some of the major responsibilities of the US Food and Drug Administration? The FDA is responsible for protecting public security by ensuring all foods sold meet hygiene and safety standards. How long does the drug patent usually last? Can you gain an extension? The drug patent lasts for 17 years and one can get a patent if they apply. What are the basic sections of a US IND? - Toxicology and effectiveness during pre-clinic trials - Clinical work that will be carried out in Phase 1 and 2 - Manufacturing and chemistry ...

WHI Trial (Writing Group for the WHI Investigators; JAMA)

What was the main objective of the WHI study? Assesment of the most commonly used combined hormone preparation in the US for health benefits and risks When and why was the subject enrollmentstopped early (specific statistical reason)? After 5.2 years. This was due to harm from the breast cancer.

What was the design of the trial?

16608 postmenopausal women underwent the study over 8.5 years

Who monitored the “double-blind” data? How often?

Safety monitoring board.Monitored semiannually.

How many women: screened, randomized, assigned to either arm?

373092 – Screened, 16606 – Randomized, 8506 – Estrogen, 8102- Placebo Why was the dose of E 0.625 mg/day and P 2.5 mg/day in a single tablet chosen?

Highest amount without damaging the subjects

Why was an “intact uterus” necessary for entry ...

Cardiac arrests, in patients after a hospital stay are common, with an estimated yearly incidence of 36 to 128 per 100 000 patients in developed countries. (WHO, 2001) This is associated with a high mortality rate with a many patients having poor neurologic outcomes. (Mayer, 2002) In view of this, The Hypothermia after Cardiac Arrest (HACA) study was conducted in five European countries with an objective of determining whether mild hypothermia increases the rate of neurologic recovery in patients who have suffered a cardiac arrest. The study included 275 patients out of 3551 patients assessed for eligibility. It was a blinded, multicentre, randomised ...

Black holes are space zones in the universe that are dark in nature and possess natural forces of attraction that have a very high gravity. This implies that they are able to attract and pull anything including light at a very high speed. This explains the origin of the name, Black hole. Several myths have been generated in many attempts to try and explain what a black hole is and Hollywood is at the forefront of it. Movies from Hollywood portray black holes as time physical entrances to tunnels that if one goes through, he can either move back or fourth in ...