Biology for Nursing Practice
(Location of the University)
INTRODUCTION
The earliest recorded use of performance-enhancing substances dates back to the era of the Olympians in Greece, specifically 776 BC (Bowers 1998). ‘Doping’—an overused term in the field of sports—originates from the Dutch word “doop”, a viscous opium juice which was once a favorite of the ancient Greeks. Nonetheless, it is a common knowledge of today that the use of performance-enhancing drugs is banned because of the unfair advantage it gives to sportsmen. Cunning as it may seem, athletes in the 1990s have found ways to improve their performance sans the use of mainstream drugs ...
