Essays on Ethanol

Introduction

The objective of this experiment is to study the effect of a solute on the freezing point of a solvent. When a solute is added to a pure solvent, the freezing point of the solvent is lowered as compared to its pure form. This decrease in freezing point of the solvent is known as “Freezing Point Depression”. A similar phenomenon occurs in the boiling of such solvents, but instead of decreasing, the boiling point is increased due to the addition of the solute. This phenomenon is known as “Boiling Point Elevation”. Such phenomena, including others, are known as colligative ...

Guo (2012) gives the explanation for the concept of price elasticity of demand. It is simple and, when you think of it, obvious. With a very few exceptions, price increases will drive demand down. Interestingly enough, the controversy over EpiPens in the news today provides a good example of price elasticity of demand. The classic example is a drug addict or the slightly less addicted cigarette smoker. Price was essentially irrelevant to demand to these groups of consumers. The converse condition is also, then, true. Products that are commodities are essentially perfectly price elastic. Gas wars, for example, are ...

Vid30 complex participation in the degradation of CDC25 in yeast and their role in Ras/ cAMP/ PKA pathway

Background: Unicellular organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae in its total life cycle is exposed to diverse and changing nutrient conditions. Thus, in order to survive and achieve a competitive advantage, it has adapted itself such that it not only uses the wide range of available nutrient sources but also the sources that are nutrient rich. It mainly uses fructose and glucose by rapidly fermenting to alcohol. In response to these nutrient conditions, the intracellular trafficking transcription and turnover of protein from nutrient transporters (e.g. Hxts) get regulated. Therefore, when the availability of the glucose increases, the expression of low- ...

Briefing Paper 1

a.) The “act of state doctrine” provides that a court in the United States, cannot pass judgement on the actions of a foreign government taken within their own country or territory that it has jurisdiction over (Cheeseman, 2012). In essence, the doctrine bars U.S. courts from interfering in the domestic policy actions of another government in their own country. b.) Under a communist theory of the world, the government of Cuba did act ethically when it appropriately the Glens’ property. From an American perspective, the expropriation was not only ethically questionable but most likely illegal. Club Med, under the ...

Introduction

In the adsorption-membrane hybrid system for ethanol steam reforming: Thermodynamics analysis by Dang, Amornchai, Yaneeporn, and Suttichai, (2011, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy), the authors seek to explain how an adsorption-membrane hybrid system, which uses a carbon (IV) oxide as an adsorbent can be used to eliminate unwanted carbon (IV) oxide in the hydrogen separation process. The authors aimed at improving the ethanol steam reforming performance through comparison of thermodynamic analysis that comprised of adsorptive, as well as membrane reactor. Then the authors were able to find that membrane separation process for the hydrogen removal had a higher impact ...

(Institution Name)

Introduction to Ethanol:

There are several different kinds of fuels that are used in automobiles and they all have their pros and cons. Ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol is a commonly used fuel of automobiles that serves as a biofuel additive for gasoline. It is the same alcohol that is used in liquor or beverage drinks. Modern day vehicles are made such that they can run on 100% of ethanol without any addition of substance. This fuel is majorly extracted from sugarcane.

Advantages of Ethanol:

The first and most important advantage of using ethanol in vehicles are that it has a very ...

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution to yield 4-Bromoacetanilide

Introduction Halogenation is a common process in organic synthesis. It is used in industrial and research synthesis as halogenated compounds are used for numerous widely used goods, including plastics. The lab aimed to perform monohalogenation of acetanilide. The reaction is specific since it is performed without catalyst. The typical halogenation is realized in presence of Lewis acid. Halogens molecules are electrophilic, and do not actively react. In presence of Lewis acid, the interaction is rather active.2 The lab used catalyst-free halogenation. The acetanilide molecule contains the acylated amine. As a result, the electronic density is shifted towards the amine ...

Introduction

Sugarcane has been grown by human beings for many years because of its many uses. It is a perennial grass that grows well in frost-free tropical areas. The crop is mainly propagated vegetatively with 30-40 cm long fresh cuttings. The crop has a cycle of between 10-24 months modern agricultural practices have made it possible to reduce the growing period of the plant crop as well as for the ratoon crops. The current sugarcane crop is an inter-hybrid cane breed to provide high sugar content (Moore et al. 10). Originally, the plant was used for chewing, but currently, it ...

How Biofuels Affect Our Society

Health Impacts of Biofuel The term biofuels is no more used in simple term, as it has become a matter of government policy and business. Earlier, it was due to government initiatives and policy matters that the support to the growth of biofuels was provided by the governments worldwide, but things have become complicated with biofuels affecting populations on the health, social, and environmental aspects, which need urgent attention. It requires good policy-making with a clear goal. According to Lawrence (2010), the present U.S. biofuels authorizations are not loaded with exact and efficient tools to fulfil a policy-specific aim. ...

Abstract

In this experiment, benzene was treated with hydrogen in the presence of Pt/SiO2 as an example that can be applied on industrial operations to show that the most recently modernized methods of neutron total scattering that cover a wide Q-range allow the use of appropriate catalytic chemistry that can be measured on time domain to probe directly on site the hydrogenation of benzene within the catalyst pore. Based on this method, it is possible to study the rates of reaction on length scales that can provide measurements equivalent to the size of an atom or a nanometre. Furthermore, the ...

Introduction/ Thesis

Ethanol is the main ingredient in alcohol. It is also the ingredient that makes a person drunk and can be found in grapes and grains after they have been fermented and their sugars digested by yeasts. The ethanol in alcohol can have a number of powerful effects on a person’s mind and body. The use of alcohol can lower inhibitions by reducing shyness allowing them to act more freely, this can result in them doing things that they later regret. This paper will argue that despite the negative cogitations that surround alcohol consumption that there are positive benefits ...

Suppliers:

Amersham Biosciences Uppsala, Sweden Becton, Dickinson and Company (BD) Ireland, UK Bio Basic Inc. Ontario, Canada Biometra (an analytik Jena company) Göttingen, Germany

Bio-Rad California, USA

Biotek Instruments. Inc. Vermont, USA

Boeco Hamburg, Germany

Damad, The National Medical Products co. Ltd Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany Eurofins MWG Operon LLC Alabama, USA GE healthcare Buckinghamshire, UK GFL Gesellschaft for Labortechnik Burgwedel, Germany Health o meter® Professional Scales Florida, USA Labcaire New York, USA Lab-Line Kerala, India LG Electronics Seoul, South Korea New England Biolabs Massachusetts, USA Nichipet Texas, USA Panreac Darmstadt, Germany Promega Wisconsin, USA Pyrex California, USA Qiagen Boston, USA Sanyo Biomedical ...

Abstract

Handwashing is an important process in controlling microorganism transmission and infectious diseases. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effectiveness of different antibacterial hand cleaners (soap, alcohol hand sanitizer and ethanol soaked wipes) on killing bacteria. Hands were sampled without cleaning with antibacterial hand cleaner (control), and after cleaning with antibacterial soap, alcohol sanitizer, and ethanol soaked wipes. Samples were taken with a sterile cotton swab and inoculated on agar plates. Each experiment was done three times. Colonies were counted, mean values and standard deviation were calculated, and data was reported. Alcohol and sanitizer and ethanol soaked ...

Healthy behaviors play a key role in daily life. Yet, certain unhygienic practices tend to interfere with the health and induce a risk to the overall life. These practices could be high-fat diet, alcohol, and smoking. There is a need to know much about these. In such context, the present description deals with a topic “ What will kill you first, a smoking, a high-fat diet or alcohol?”.

Health -related risk factors:

A risk factor is any quality, trademark or presentation of a person that improves the probability of building up an ailment or damage. A few illustrations of the more vital danger elements ...

Food and Agriculture

The use of modern technology in food production in the United States has led to mechanization and the production of agrochemicals that kill weeds and pests and act as crop fertilizers. This has resulted in farms shifting to monoculture as a preferred method of crop production. This method involves the use of large tracts of land to produce the same species of crops every year. Modern Biotechnology has also enabled the creation of Genetically Modified Organism that are crops whose genetic structure have been artificially modified to give them some desired characteristics. The use of monoculture as a method ...

A clean energy vehicle, popularly known as green vehicle, is a motor vehicle that makes minimum harmful effects to the surrounding environment in comparison to conventional vehicles, which use either gasoline or diesel as fuel for their internal combustion engines. Clean energy vehicle technology focuses on bringing spectacular improvements in vehicle technologies with the intention of reducing the dependence of running vehicles on nonrenewable energy sources like oil and improving the fuel efficiency. The areas in which the technology concentrates are: bio-fuels, energy conversion, clean combustion, electrification of vehicles, advanced batteries, lightweight materials integration of vehicle grid and analysis ...

A drug is a substance that brings about physiological effects when introduced into the body of a human being. Drug analysis deals with the technical process of determining the presence or the absence of particular parent drugs or in other words their metabolites. Drugs are classified into various groups, and these include depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens. For an individual to use these types of drugs, various reasons may contribute to this and can be elaborated through specific theories. Depressants are drugs that when introduced to the body lowers the neural transmission levels thus depressing the stimulation or arousal in ...

Motivation for the Study

Many automobile manufacturers in car producing countries are taking an interest in the renewable fuels as an alternative energy source for vehicles. This is due to the challenges caused by the difference in demand and supply of conventional energy sources like fossil fuels and the environmental degradation associated with them (Liu, 2015). Renewable fuels are more efficient than the current fuels used to power vehicles and their use will significantly reduce the fuel costs incurred by consumers. Renewable energy sources cause minimal environmental pollution, and its utilization will reduce the world’s pollution levels. The use of renewable fuels ...

A brief account of the patient/client assessment

Drug misuse within state prisons has persistently been a major problem for the healthcare personnel. The treatment of misusers within these units is however a challenge for those concerned and this is attributed to a host of factors which dependently or independently leads to fragmented measures of managing this population. These challenges range from the vulnerability of the prisoners to self-harm and suicide cases while in prison; the occurrence of death upon serving their term due to intentional or accidental opiate overdose; the lacking measures of counseling as part of an integrated withdrawal system; the non-adherence to national and ...

RESULTS

Section 1 All samples were found to be positive for the anti-Ro antibody with higher than 240 IU/ml, except Sample ID # 13 and 32, which showed lower concentrations (Figure 1.). These samples also exhibited occurrence of Smd and Dn respectively, albeit at low concentrations. Sample Id# 12 and 20 also showed presence of anti-La antibody. The autosera of Patient Id # 32 suffering from SS displays a faint 52kd IgM band, which is representative of 52kd anti-Ro antibody and is fainter in ethanol treatment sample. Patient ID # 42 expressing a higher than 240 IU/L of anti-Ro antibody in the clinical ...

1. Biofuels are fuels in the gaseous or liquid form and can be rapidly regenerated from sources like crops, plants and municipal waste. Existing biofuels are generated from carbohydrates such as sugar and starch (wheat and sugarcane crops). Existing biofuels, such as ethanol, have a lesser energy content (volumetric energy density) relative to conventional hydrocarbon fuels natural gas and petroleum . Furfural and Levulinic acid are molecules that can be obtained from biomass and converted into biofuels. Levulinic acid can be synthesized in greater amounts (>70%) from inedible hexose bio-polymers such as cellulose, which is a polymer of glucose ...

The Intersection of Environmental, Energy and Agricultural Policy

An Article Review Abstract Policy on biofuels provides limited support to make the energy a possible replacement for fossil fuels. As such, it is advantageous to detect the problems first before making a move. The article focused on the economic benefits of biofuels, as well as its relationship with the other related factors. With that, it is recommended to redesign the policies and make more subsidies for biofuels.

Acknowledgement

I would like to thank my adviser for guiding me with insights to make a good article review, and for the support and advices to make it suitable for the academic ...

In most cases, hypolactasia (lactase deficiency) appears during the early childhood stage, and gradually increases in intensity as age increases. Note that the lactase enzyme (lactase-phlorhizin hydrolase) is an enzyme enabling the digestion and absorption of lactose, a carbohydrate found in dairy products and other food sources, which include milk and cheese. As effect, individuals with lactase deficiency experience lactose maldigestion (or malabsorption) when eating food rich in lactose. This symptom is most commonly referred to as lactose intolerance. A common characteristic of hypolactasia is that the condition first manifests as early as childhood. The condition can be diagnosed ...

Plant-based Biofuels are fuels removed from crops and plants. The most common type of fuels extracted from plants is Bioethanol/Ethanol and Biodiesel. When the fuels are blended with gasoline, it can be used as a substitute fuel for fuelling cars. Biofuels are extracted from renewable resources grown everywhere and have little carbon dioxide discharge in comparison with other fossil energy. These biofuels are economical because they are cheaply acquired and also help a struggling economy by allocating jobs to the youth while reducing greenhouses gases. There are a number of limitations associated with the use biofuels. First is the ...

Based on the clinical vignette, it seems like PJ was trying to commit suicide either by benzodiazepine overdose or by consuming antifreeze. It looks like PJ tried to drink antifreeze based on the sweet smell on his breath in the emergency room. The active ingredient in antifreeze is ethylene glycol, which is a sweet-smelling alcohol. If PJ consumed the antifreeze, then that will explain that clinical finding. When ethylene glycol is oxidized by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), its metabolites become toxic and cause an anion gap acidosis and profound CNS depression (Fraser 242). Furthermore, these ethylene glycol metabolites can cause ...

Abstract

The promising economy of Saudi Arabia and the rise of the region’s population have been major contributors to food wastage that continues to create major environmental concerns. Households, hotels, food markets, bakeries and groceries are the major contributors to food wastage which has necessitated appropriate interventions such as food recycling, use in energy production as well as educating the community to curb food wastage.

Food Recycling and Compositing

With the population at 29.4 million as in 2012 and prospects for population growth still high, there is a need for the establishment of food waste recycling sites across Saudi Arabia. Major concerns are ...

Introduction

Sharp fluctuation in oil price since the 1970s and its impact on the economy, both macro and micro, have gained huge attention from scholars. Speculative factors alongside immense instability in demand and supply have caused an aggressive increase in oil prices, especially in the previous decades (Hacioglu & Dincer, 2013). Thus, research on this issue intensified and a number of studies tried to explain the core relationship between oil prices and price levels in the economy. In relation to this, researchers have analysed the correlation between oil prices and manufacturing or industrial production, oil prices and balance of trade, oil ...

There is a strong association between alcohol consumption and development of cancer. Data from 2009 suggested that alcohol consumption was responsible for approximately 3.5% of all cancer deaths in the US (Nelson et al., 2013). In addition, alcohol-associated cancers were responsible for 17.0 to 19.1 years of potential life lost for each death (Nelson et al., 2013). The chances of developing alcohol-related cancer are higher among persons with higher regular alcohol intake over time. Alcoholism might influence the development of cancer depending on the quantity of alcohol consumed and duration of that consumption. The risk of developing alcohol-related cancer ...

Question 1: Comparing alcohol problems in the United States among adolescents and adults as compared to the 1970s in the United States as well as other societies today

Viewing the long-term per capita alcohol consumption in any community or society provides the historical outlook of the alcoholic beverage consumption among the members of that particular community or society. Currently, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism publishes the annual surveillance report on the per capita ethanol consumption. Te results of these reports indicate that, considering three alcoholic beverages such as spirits, wine, and beer, the historical trends ...

Diabetes is a burning issue all over the world. World health organization has shown concerns on the prevalence and incidents of diabetes. In USA, 29.1 million people or 9.3% of the population; diagnosed or undiagnosed have diabetes. (CDC, 2012). As per National Diabetes Fact Sheet, 2011 215, 000 people in USA have type-I or type-II diabetes. Thus, diabetes is a disease penetrating all age groups. Treatment of diabetes has a few advancement in the recent past. Apart from general oral hypoglycemic agents and injectable insulin there are islet transplantation surgeries also available for diabetes. There is a wide scope of treatment of diabetes ...

Energy is the most important aspect in modern world, as the dependency on energy is inseparable from people’s life. Furthermore, the needs to travel using automobiles create an insatiable need for fossil fuel to power the movements. Unfortunately, fossil fuel is a non-renewable resource that is estimated to be depleted in 2042 (Shafiee and Topal 181). From environmental point of view, fossil fuel combustion from diesel and gasoline vehicles has high contribution to the pollution level in urban areas (Chow and Watson 222). In addition to the pollution level, combustion of fossil fuel releases CO2 a greenhouse gas that contributes ...

Before the 16th century, the existence of micro-organism had not been discovered. It was until a microscope was invented that micro-organism become a subject of discussion (Barnett 2003). Microbiology is the study of microorganisms or microbes. Microorganisms are the smallest living organisms that cannot be observed with our naked hence they need to be magnified using magnification tools such as microscope. Examples of micro-organisms are bacteria, virus and fungi. Fermentation in simple terms is the conversion of sugar into acid, gases and alcohol by enzymes that act as catalysts (Pumphrey and Julie 1996). Fermentation is a process that occur takes place in ...

Question 1: The Rise of Japanese Democracy

Japan stands out as one of the nations that have a thriving democracy in the East Asia. Just before the end of the Second World War II, Japan was only a formative democracy just like it is the case with most Middle East countries at the moment. However, following the writing of a new constitution in the year 1947, Japan transformed into a constitutional democracy. The building of democracy in Japan has been achieved through a combination of factors. First, Japan is an ethnically heterogeneous nation which enables for accommodation of other people’s views, a key facet of democracy. The country boasts of a rich ...

Introduction

Arguably, entrepreneurs are always risk takers, and will always go for any opportunity that is capable of making profit. There are various entrepreneurial issues that surround the oil and ethanol made from cellulose in the United States. The EPA is fining companies yet the product does not exist. As a matter of fact, there is a lack of supply of the products in question, yet the entrepreneurs do not jump for this business. There are various reasons for this entrepreneurial behavior on the issue. One of the reason is that despite the lack of supply, there is no single sell of ...

The question “why countries that do not have that much natural resources to boast of often appear more progressive and financially stable than countries that are staggeringly abundant in natural resources?” has been common among citizens of both resource-rich and non-resource-rich countries for a very long time. It is actually logical to think that a country rich in natural resources, especially the point-source and non-renewable ones such as oil, diamonds, and other ores, would outperform those that are less blessed because they already have an edge to begin with. However, according to Sachs & Warner (2001), the opposite happens. Sachs ...

1. Compare and contrast organic, inorganic and solid phase approaches for DNA isolation

Organic isolation takes place after the DNA has been released from the cell and a further purification is to be conducted. The purification is done in order to remove the contaminating proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and cell debris. Organic isolation makes use of a combination of high salt, low pH and an organic mixture of phenol and chloroform. The mixture dissolves hydrophobic contaminants and then strips away most of the DNA associated proteins. The DNA precipitate in this method is collected by centrifugation. The DNA pellet is then dissolved in rehydration buffer. Inorganic isolation method is used in cases that do not ...

Introduction

The United States of America is one of the leading countries where fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas are used to satisfy more or less 80% of the energy needs. Fossil fuels are utilized extensively for heating homes, running vehicles, providing power to the industrial sector, and for other significant purposes, especially the provision of electricity. However, it is also not an untold secret that the fossil fuels will eventually reduce considering the known reserves of the mentioned fossil fuels. It is also apparent that there has been a considerable increase in the costs related to the ...

Introduction

The USA is the largest oil consumer in the world, followed by Europe, Asia and other regions. It consumes an estimated 20 million barrels of oil every day, which is 50% more than the oil consumption of the whole of the European Union with 60% more population density than the USA (Knittel 2012). The oil consumption of the USA is also twice the rate of the same in China. The USA is the largest oil importer in the world, importing more than 13.5 million barrels of oil per day, thereby accounting for more than 63% of the total daily ...

Abstract

This experiment involved alkene preparation by alcohol dehydration (water elimination) in the presence of an acid catalyst. Elimination, combination, rearrangement and substitution are the basic types of chemical reactions known in organic chemistry. Alcohol dehydration is an important transformation that leads to the yield of alkene and it is an example of an elimination reaction. Dehydration is a process that involves the elimination reaction of an alcohol. There is a loss of H from one carbon and OH from adjacent carbon, hence, resulting in a water molecule removal that results in the formation of alkyne or alkene. When an alcohol loses its ...

E85 is a fuel form that contains 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline. Ethanol is a renewable fuel derived from organic matter through fermentation. In the United States, ethanol is produced from plants such as corn, grasses, and sugarcane (Ethanol par. 1). Ethanol blended fuels such as E85 are deemed desirable as they reduce overdependence on fossil fuels and lower greenhouse emissions from vehicles. The economy has been receptive to blended fuels as consumption rose from 1.7 to 13.2 billion gallons between 2001 and 2013. However, ethanol use is contentious because the fuel can only be used in flexible-fuel cars. Also, ethanol ...

Abstract

All cells in a living organism require energy to drive various cellular activities such as transport of molecules and movement among others. The rate of cellular respiration may be affected by the substrate concentration, pH level and enzyme concentration among other factors. This experiment aimed to study the rate of cellular respiration in isolated mitochondria under different conditions. It was hypothesized that if the concentration of the substrate is increased then there will be an increase in the rate of cellular respiration. Mitochondrial suspension was used as the source of succinate that was used as the substrate. The level of ...

Rajagopal, Deepak, and David Zilberman. (2011) Environmental, Economic and Policy Aspects of Biofuels. Hanover, MA: now. Print. The economic argument behind using of subsidies in the economy is probably to balance the interest draw by individual players in the market to a fair ground for all. The U.S. government use subsidies to reduce on the weight of production for the producers of products. This is done through tax subsidies or the government participating in production process to prevent consumer exploitation of producers. This has been the cause of disagreement in a tough argumentative debate as to whether it is appropriate ...

Abstract. Oxidation of ethanol is carried out by the oxidizing agent, potassium dichromate. The oxidizing agent undergoes a color change followed by the completion of the reaction. This change of color is utilized to measure the absorbance of the solution. The concentration of the unknown ethanol sample is calculated by plotting an absorbance vs concentration graph of the standard solutions.

Module and group

Lab class completed - Introduction The aim of the experiment is to determine the concentration of ethanol by calorimetric determination method. The concentration of ethanol is measured following its oxidation with potassium dichromate. Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) undergoes reduction, ...

Describe two initiatives established by the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 that have enhanced the nation’s demand for ethanol? The Act Amendments established a tight pollution rule for the motor vehicles thus safe emissions. The act also offered a detailed plan to cut on the toxic air pollution. What is winter oxygenated fuel and what is the benefit to the environment? Winter oxygenated fuel is fuel that contains the oxygen additives such as the alcohol and ether. These additives enhance combustion thus reducing emission. Describe three federal laws or policies that encourage the production of ethanol to ...

Essay

Abstract In today's fast moving constantly changing world every person might need some certain means for relaxation once in a while, thus, it will be very difficult to find a person who has never tasted alcohol in his life. Alcohol is one of the lightest forms of addictive substances, but still the danger of becoming addicted is huge, especially if drink alcoholic beverages on a usual basis. Of course it does not mean that our human body has any physical need for alcoholic beverages at all. This need, if appeared, is only psychological, that is why psychological programming is extremely popular ...

The extreme dependence of our present day civilization on Fossil Fuels is a matter of much debate. Coal, natural gas and oil accounted for 87 percent of the world's primary energy consumption, predominantly led by the US as the largest consumer of these fuels. (Cusick, 2013) The US leads the race in the use of these fuels with other emerging nations too vying for the spot. In the US, the recent discovery of shale gas has ensured that the US will continue to dominate the global scene in the usage of conventional fossil fuels. Further, the US has also seen a ...

Emerging Markets: Brazils quest for Comparative advantage

Why is Brazil’s agriculture so competitive? Why do its manufacturing industries lack competitiveness? Brazil is one of the world’s leading countries in agriculture. It is a significant player in such products as beef, poultry, soybeans, sugar and coffee – in which the country is top producer, exporter or even both, according to the case. What is more, Brazil provides more than half of world-wide ethanol export. The main reasons for such a high Brazil’s agriculture competitiveness are climate conditions: lots of sunshine, soil and water. What is more, Brazil possesses the biggest territory in the South America ...

Lab Report: Ethanol Determination Experiment

Objective: “To Determine the Ethanol content in several beverages using the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase.”

The Chemistry behind this experiment is simple enough to understand. In the reaction carried out in the experiment, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH) is formed which can be analyzed quantitatively to find the concentration of Ethanol. The reaction involves oxidation of Ethanol to Acetaldehyde. This oxidation takes place with concomitant reduction of NAD+ to NADH. This formation of NADH can be seen in the Δ absorption at 340 nm micro level. At this wavelength, the reduced co enzyme absorbs at a very fast rate than the oxidized one, ...

English

It would be tough to choose between the positives and negatives of an electric car, because along with the number of positives it carries, it does have its share of negatives as well. However, going by the popular view that with gasoline depleting and carbon emission increasing, electric cars would be best suited for modern transport; the positives undoubtedly outnumber the negatives. As the world population grows, the need for housing and food has slowly by surely started eating into the forests, and man finds himself fighting for space with animals. As growth has to be supplemented by development, ...

There are four transitions of food production that cultures have utilized. The first is foraging where people hunt wild animals and gather plants. The second is pastoralism where people herd domesticated animals. The third is horticulture where people farm in small scales. The last is intensive agriculture where people also farm but in a larger scale (O’Neil). Each of these types uses at least one of the three main power sources of agricultural mechanization. The first is human power. The second is animal power, and the third is mechanical power. These mechanizations, especially the machineries from the third ...

Introduction

The depletion of fossil fuels and the increased levels of vehicular that are being expressed across the world made the automobile companies to look for alternatives to the conventional internal combustible engines that run on petrol and diesel. One of the most important inventions in the field of automobile history is the hybrid engine technology. Hybrid cars combine the conventional petrol powered engines with the electric motors. A small petrol engine that is fit inside a hybrid car operates a dynamo that produces electricity (Barett nd). The electricity that produced will be in turn utilized for running the electric motor which ...

Resource-Based View Analysis

Physical analysis Husky Energy Inc. is omong one of Canada's biggest incorporated vitality organizations, headquartered in Calgary, Alberta. It is merchandized on an open market on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the images HSE and Hse.pr.a. The Company works in Western and Atlantic Canada, the United States and the Asia Pacific Region, with Upstream and Downstream business sections. Husky Energy is controlled by Hong Kong elite rich person Li Ka-Shing who possesses a larger part imparts of more or less 70% as per Bloomberg and Financial Post information. Husky's establishment is in Heavy Oil and Western Canada, where it ...

Following the story of the use of ethanol to provide warmth in cold environments, this paper presents research on the effect the consumption of ethanol has on an individual’s body temperature. Firstly, the distribution of heat in the body is done by the blood. Through the vasodilatation and vasoconstriction of blood vessels, the body loses and retains head respectively. Given that ethanol enters the bloodstream directly upon consumption, its effects are almost immediate. Its presence in the blood causes the widening of blood vessels due to its vasodilation effect (Eston & Reily, 2013). This results in an increase ...

Introduction

All cells carry out cellular respiration in order to meet their energy requirements and to form metabolic intermediates that can be used to form secondary products. Amongst those products formed as a consequence of cellular respiration, are ATP and CO2. The formation of ATP in the cells occurs through the use of organic molecules available in the form of food (Lehninger, Nelson, & Cox, 2008). When oxygen is not available, ATP formation goes through a fermentation process, usually, referred to as alcoholic fermentation. The process utilizes a number of different sugars as the starting material. These sugars include fructose, glucose, and sucrose. The ...

Introduction

Esterification reactions refer to those processes between carboxylic acids and alcohols reacting together to produce esters (Smith, 2011). Ethyl ethanoate also referred to as ethyl acetate is one of the esters and is prepared through a reversible reaction between an alcohol and an acid. The process results in the production of an ester and water. The catalyst used in the reaction is sulfuric acid, which also works to remove water that is produced and thus to increase the yield of ester produced. The preparation of esters through this method is a good introduction of how equilibrium manipulation may help in increasing ...

Introduction2

The opportunities and challenges of the biofuel industry..3

The demand of farm and food products by biofuel4

Socio-political and economic factors of biofuel4 Technological impact of biofuel5 Legal and regulatory factors surrounding the development of biofuels6 The ethical debate surrounding biofuels6 Food security in a growing world population7 The future of biofuels in Canada8 Conclusion..8 Work cited..9 Biofuel Introduction The change in preference on the type of fuel needed across the globe has been influenced by the need to have enough fuel to sustain its demand. The global supply may not be enough to sustain the worldwide demand. Fuel ...

Article Review

In this paper, I review the article Fundamentals of Beer and Hop Chemistry, authored by Keukeliere, D. (2010). In his article, Keukeliere (2010) begins by indicating that beer, an aqueous fermented drink, is based on starch, but flavored by hops. Keukelier (2010) notes that, barley, and most specifically barley malt, is the main body of beer. In order to produce one liter of beer, a few hundred grams of barley malt are needed. However, Keukeliere (2010) indicates that in the absence of barley malt, starch-rich adjuncts such as wheat, corn or rice can be used. Keukeliere (2010) notifies ...

The research article entitled “Determination of volatile compounds in different hop varieties by headspace-trap GC/MS -In comparison with conventional hop essential oil analysis” is authored by Anita Aberl and Mehmet Coelhan of the Research Center for Brewing and Food Quality, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany. This article appeared in the “Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry” of ACS publications in the year 2012 and attempted to compare the efficiency and accuracy of Head Space (HS)-trap method coupled with GC/MS and conventional essential oil analysis method. Humulus lupulus L., commonly known as hop is responsible for the bitter flavor and ‘hoppy’ ...

Today most of the companies follow the principles of sustainable development and pay more attention to managing reputation and image assets and risks. This trend is caused by the establishment of a new type of competition between the companies: the companies compete neither in price nor in quality tactics, they compete in ideas and principles that come with this or another product. More and more people are paying attention to ethical aspects of the company’s operation (for example, in-life testing of products). This means that ethical and corporate social responsibility principles have become one of the driving forces of ...

After reading the Green Dreams article, the best biofuel is the cellulose-produced biofuel. This is primarily because the production is not dependent on food crops like other ethanol production processes that use corn, soybeans, or sugarcane. Accordingly, rather than use the kernels to produce ethanol, it is possible to use the cellulose that is found in corn plants. As such, cellulose-focused biofuel production does not compete with food crops. Accordingly, the production of ethanol using cellulose is safer because it reduces the rate of global warming considerably taking into consideration that it involves use of heat and acid then ...