Essays on Excitatory

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Introduction

Parkinson Disease (PD) is a very complicated neurodegenerative condition including the motor and non-motor manifestations that lead to neuronal loss. Currently, only symptomatic therapies are available but nothing is known yet to prevent this degenerative process. This is a multi-factorial condition with multiple risk factors that includes increasing age, genetic vulnerability, and environmental determinants. All these factors mutually play a role in the pathogenic process of PD. Medical sciences have achieved major advances in understanding the process working behind PD development that are Nigral Dopaminergic Apoptosis, Protein ...

A neuron is a specialized type of cell that helps in impulse conduction in the body. It is a basic unit of communication in the body. It receives and initiates the information reception and transmission to all parts of the body. The structure of the neuron is made of several parts that include dendrites, Soma (cell body), nucleus, cell membrane, axon, myelin sheath, a node of Ranvier and terminal Buttons or axon terminal (Marieb, 2004). The figure below shows the structure of the neuron. Figure 1: structure of neuron (Shonkoff & Phillips, 2010). For neural impulse to occur, the stimulus ...

A brief account of the patient/client assessment

Drug misuse within state prisons has persistently been a major problem for the healthcare personnel. The treatment of misusers within these units is however a challenge for those concerned and this is attributed to a host of factors which dependently or independently leads to fragmented measures of managing this population. These challenges range from the vulnerability of the prisoners to self-harm and suicide cases while in prison; the occurrence of death upon serving their term due to intentional or accidental opiate overdose; the lacking measures of counseling as part of an integrated withdrawal system; the non-adherence to national and ...

Summary: The interaction between the limbic system and the subcortical dopaminergic system, is important in the experience of reward by the individual. The hypothesis in the present study is that, increased excitability of the medial prefrontal cortex, exerts a suppressive effect on the interaction between subcortical dopaminergic system and the limbic striatum structures (Ferenczi et al.). Lack of a reward seeking behavior is seen in patients with depression and MRI studies in these subjects have identified increased excitability of the medial prefrontal cortex. This finding was suggested as a rationale for the study. The experiments were designed to demonstrate ...