Essays on Eyewitness

Introduction

Each day, many different kinds of accidents happen around the world. These accidents come in different degrees, and some cause damage that is enough to pass as something eligible for trial in courts. One of such cases, are vehicular accidents. In the case s in the video, the two individuals involved in the car accident were Mrs. Payne and Mrs. Davis. Mrs. Payne claimed that her car has been hit severely by Mrs. Davis’ car. She claimed that not only was the back part of her damaged, but also that she experienced neck injuries and pains because of the ...

News Story #1

Road Rage Incident on Gloucester PI, Two Drivers Come to Blows A traffic accident on Gloucester PI resulted in an alarming case of road rage in Brighton on Monday, creating a traffic jam that lasted nearly an hour. According to several fellow drivers surrounding the vehicles in question, at approximately 1:25 PM, a young woman driving a blue car attempted to merge into the left lane, when a man in the left lane rolled down his window and began yelling at her and refused to let her in. After a short verbal confrontation, the woman then drove forward and ...

Psychology

Psychology

What are minimal groups? How does group membership lead to prejudice and discrimination? Minimal groups are groups used in research methodology in social psychology. The groups are used for researching the minimal conditions that are necessary for discrimination to take place between the groups (Otten, 2016). Group membership leads to discrimination and prejudice by making people conform to the set of behaviors associated with the group they belong. The people conform as a result of the social norms which are considered to be the appropriate behavior in the group.

What is modern racism, and how is it studied?

Modern racism is one of the belief systems that ...

Essay in English Law Whether it is Unfair for Criminal Justice Insiders to Sit On Jury

Most likely, it is unfair for someone who works in the criminal justice system to be chosen to participate as jury selection-members, in the British legal system. Prior to the time of the Global Recession of 2008, one report discussed several aspects of the UK-defined protocol of what a jury-system process entails. Commentary was made regarding the UK jury system historical roots, trial-jury size, secrecy, independence, and selection (“Jury Service – Crown Prosecution”). One set of erudite Australian Professors noted that the advent of social media had fundamentally caused problems, especially during trials (Wallace et al. 2011). Consider, however, the ...

886 F.2d 14 28 Fed. R. Evid. Serv. 823

v.

BUSCH ENTERTAINMENT CORPORATION, d/b/a Busch Gardens,

The Old Country, Defendant-Appellee No. 138, Docket 89-7378.

United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.

Argued Sept. 13, 1989.Decided Sept. 15, 1989

Summary

On August 23, 1986, Willie Mae Gray and her two daughters went to Busch Gardens, an entertainment park in Williamsburg. She boarded a small train and tumbled off and harmed herself. Busch Gardens representatives dispatched a medical aid group to the site and called an emergency to evacuate her for medical attention. One of Plaintiff's Daughters accompanied her to the hospital while the other went to record the incident with the nurse. The records ...

Eyewitness identification evidence plays a great role in a trial and in deciding whether a suspect is a culprit or an innocent person. Mistaken identifications can lead to accusing innocent people or releasing a guilty person. That is why it is extremely important to take the eyewitness identification procedure seriously and to create the appropriate conditions for the witness to make the right choice. One of the ways to obtain eyewitness identification evidence is a lineup. In this paper, I am going to provide some recommendations for the procedure described in the task. My arguments will be based on ...

In criminal justice, resource availability in court systems is a very vital element in dealing with certain issues as well as cases. Without availability of resources within court systems, it becomes quite difficult to impossible to conduct research in order to find out the relevant information needed while investigating cases as well as deciding upon them. In order for the court systems to function well in terms of dealing with the cases and issues presented before them, the necessary research should be available in order to conduct this process and be successful (Grant, 2016). There are different resources that ...

DISCUSSION 5 (2 RESPONSES)

Discussion 5: Evidence Identification Amanda: Eyewitness identification is not the ‘nail in the coffin’ piece of evidence most people would think because of it is highly subjective. There is a multitude of intangibles that need be considered when confronted with an eyewitness identification. People have prejudices hidden below the surface that play out on their everyday actions that they do not control or realize. Older people may have prejudices against teens or children or rich versus poor or a race against another race. You may not know what kind of day the person providing the eyewitness testimony had, whether ...

The article Eyewitness Accuracy Rates in Sequential and Simultaneous Lineup Presentations: A Meta-analytic Comparison discusses the sequential and simultaneous lineups and their results, as well as target-absent and target-present lineups. Nowadays a simultaneous presentation technique is the most often used by police. However, Lindsay and Wells offer another technique that is called sequential lineup. If to take into consideration twenty-three papers referring to sequential and simultaneous lineup presentations, the identification of perpetrators occurs from simultaneous target-present lineups more often than from sequential ones. Nevertheless, in the real world conditions this situation changes considerably. In addition, sequential lineups correct rejection ...

Discussion 5

Introduction The primary goal of every investigating officer is to apprehend the perpetrator before he/she strikes again. Hence, the police will look to push for swift solving of cases. However, while the attitude of police should receive commendation, their motives can wrongfully convict innocent people. Zealous crime fighting often leads to the suffering of innocent people. From the time a crime happens, police officers will be under pressure to solve the crime. The pressure from office bearers and superiors will increase depending on the nature of the crime. This pressure often translates into police misconduct during eyewitness identification lineups ( ...

One of the ironies of criminology is the unreliable nature of eyewitness testimony. So many convictions obtained on the basis of eyewitness testimony have been later overturned, whether on the basis of DNA evidence or other indices demonstrating that the accused simply could not have committed the crime, and yet the eyewitnesses believe that they are telling the truth. Forensic interviewing becomes a crucial element of the investigation process, as the questioners have to decide whether or not the information they have elicited is as accurate as possible. The cognitive interview takes the point of view of the eyewitness ...

Innocence

Introduction The Innocence Project is a nonprofit organization which operates with the sole goal of freeing the wrongfully convicted in the United States. It was the result of a study in the late 1980s which revealed that a vast majority of eyewitness testimonies were inaccurate and identification by eyewitnesses resulted in seventy percent of the wrongfully convicted population. In the United States, one out of every seven convicts is innocent. Hence, with the advent of DNA technology in the early 1990s, the Innocence Project came into existence with Barry Scheck and Peter Neufeld heading the initiative from the Benjamin ...

Post 1

The post brings up an important topic of the effect of misinformation on eyewitness memory. Most importantly, the importance of the topic was highlighted when you mentioned that ‘it causes jeopardy in the court room’. A false memory is not simply a mistake or a lie, but rather a corruption of one’s personality and one becomes a victim of a memory that did not happen. There is a tendency for eyewitness memory to be influenced by misleading post-event information. This is because memory distortion after exposure to misinformation makes a lie become a memory truth (Dodd, 2014). However, ...

A Methodical Review of “Effects of the Type of Incident and the Number of Perpetrators on Eyewitness Memory” by Clifford and Hollin (1981) The study examines the problem of eyewitness memory in two situations. First, when one witnesses non-violent event (asking directions), and second, when event in question is of a violent character (mugging). The researchers were interested to what extent the number of perpetrators influences the accuracy of identification. Another issue that the authors investigated was the relation of the accuracy of investigation to eyewitness’ subjective feeling of confidence.

The study answered the following research questions:

Do the accuracy of identification differ in the case ...

Part One

The WABC TV station, New York is programmed to follow a certain order of occurrence of events. Undeniably, the video in the first few minutes covers the analysis of the upcoming news head. There is a team of four professionals who are analyzing the upcoming events. More so, the story of Owen saving bird features the top in one of the scenes that were attracting. The highlights show Owen half naked in a river at Florida County, in the United States. The most trending video of Owen rescuing a bird from the water attracts the contribution of the viewers. ...

Question 1.

Historian Annette Gordon-Reed states: “I think that you should approach the study of history with a spirit of curiosity. Be open minded about the possibility that the story is much bigger than what has been presented.” Considering the textbook and the discussion board content, choose one topic of American History between 1492 - 1865 on which your thinking has changed to a “bigger” understanding. Generally, all historical themes contribute to the improvement of my open-mindedness and expansion of outlook, but I would like to mark the topic of the American Revolution. Indeed, the American Revolution was a crucial part ...

The world has witnessed many atrocities committed against a group of people based on ethnicity, race, nationality, or religion. Or course, the Holocaust comes to mind immediately as one of the greatest atrocities ever committed by one regime. The acts committed by groups like ISIS and Boko Haram today will long be remember as atrocities against specific groups of people. Another atrocity that stands out in terms of savagery and ruthlessness of the massacre the occurred in the city of Nanking (or Nanjing) in China in 1937 that is often referred to as the Rape of Nanking. This atrocity ...

One of the heartbreaking truths about World War 1 was that millions of innocent men needlessly died because civilian and military leaders were slow in changing their war strategies and effectively employing new technologies. Thus, the war typified a fight between an inefficient nineteenth century warfare which witnessed lot of casualties on both sides, and a twentieth century technology-driven battle in which many decisive technologies were tested. As for America, the trend of industrialism and mass production of machineries and war equipments had begun fifty years prior to the onset of the war during the American Civil War. With ...