Essays on Fecal Matter

Introduction

Recently, worldwide obesity prevalence has been raised rapidly and nearly doubled between 1980 and 2014, however in 2014 more than a half a billion of adult (18 years and older) were obese (11% men and 15% women) (WHO, 2014). Obesity and overweight are defined as excess body fat accumulation that leads to health risks and comorbidities. Adult weight can be classified based on the Body Mass Index. Hence, an individual having a BMI equal to or more than 25 is regarded as being overweight, while a person with a BMI equal to or more than 30 is considered obese ( ...

In archeology, DNA analysis has been used as an investigatory tool since it became available to scientists. DNA analysis, which is a constantly developing and expanding field, has allowed archaeologists to precisely and decisively obtain results that solve archaeological, historical, and evolutionary questions. Unfortunately, the methods for using ancient DNA analysis tend to destroy the samples from which the DNA is extracted. The results can easily be affected by external contamination as well, which requires the research to be conducted within specialized laboratories by trained laboratory personnel (Arandjelovic, Guschanski, Schubert, Harris, Thalmann, Siedel, & Vigilant, 2009). DNA analysis has been ...

The History and Modernization of Poultry Inspection Systems in the United States and the Food Safety Hazards that are Being Diminished because of Those Systems

Abstract

The accessibility, health benefits and low cost have kept the demand for poultry consumption up and poultry slaughter production plants moving forward; however, up until recent years there has been a lack of quality inspection standards leading to an increased amount of food safety issues. The pathogens that contaminate raw poultry products for human consumption are an issue in the United States. There have been new advances in technology which has led to an improvement ...

Meat industry has been in the past few years experienced much growth as more people embrace the idea of incorporating meat into their diet. This growth is expected to continue growing more in the future as the population increases. This is driven by the fact that as the population grows, there is more demand for animal products, and a large proportion of the population become affluent. Beef is mostly liked for it is one of the most readily available sources of protein and is available on most parts of the world if not on all parts. As the meat ...

HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT

Health risk assessment in humans is used to approximate the type and likelihood of the occurrence of health effects on people that may be exposed to hazardous material in a contaminated environment. Not only does the assessment seek to establish the likelihood and type of effects but also whether there is a given concentration of the hazardous material that would not cause any harm to humans. The assessment also involves an analysis of the chances whether the effects of the hazardous material will be different in people based on their sex, age, or genetics (Glendon, Clarke & McKenna, 2006, p. 18). A ...