Essays on Felony

In the majority of states all crimes are divided into two groups: felonies and misdemeanors. The difference between these two groups is in seriousness of crimes. (Hasselm, 2011) If this is a felony, an accused person can get 1 year in prison, life imprisonment without parole or even the death penalty. If it is a misdemeanor, an accused person could be punished by less than 1 year or a year of imprisonment and/or fine. Crimes are not equal in weight. General public considers some of the crimes more severe than others. (Kappeler, 2014) The majority of people considers the ...

INVESTIGATIVE PROCEDURES

The company can contact the police or the criminal investigation department to carry out thorough investigations into the matter and come up with factual conclusions on the case(Guinn, 2017). Investigations should particularly aim at the warehouse where the embezzlement is allegedly taking place. Moreover, a private detective can be hired by the company in the disguise of an employee in the warehouse whose controller is accused of overriding existing controls so that his embezzlement activity remains undiscovered. A private detective posing as an employee in the warehouse is likely to uncover the incriminating details of the warehouse controller ...

At common law, a felony murder was defined as the unlawful killing of a human being while in the commission of a felony crimes (LaFave). However, the modern concept of felony murder has widely been interpreted to mean an unlawful killing that occurred in the commission of only a certain type of felony crime, or acts that are deemed, by the totality of circumstances, to be inherently dangerous (LaFave). Under the federal criminal code, a person is guilty of felony murder if in “preparation of, or attempt to perpetrate, any” robbery (LII). Robbery, under the federal criminal code, is ...

Part 1 – Assault and Battery

The terms “assault and battery” are often used together although these are two separate crimes. An assault is defined as an action that causes a person to feel the threat of impending violence. An action such as raising a fist or moving menacingly towards the intended victim constitutes an assault, even if no physical contact has occurred. The crime of battery occurs when there is physical contact. Grabbing a person’s arm or punching or striking a person constitutes a case of battery (Baldwin, 2007). Simple assault or battery, where there is limited threat of violence or a minor ...

The right to counsel is often considered as a right to a fair trial as enshrined in the Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution. The Amendment states that it is the right of a defendant to be represented by an attorney. In case they cannot afford legal services, the government is mandated to ensure that they are represented by a legal counsel. Every defendant has the constitutional right to be represented by legal aid (Silva, 2012). The right to legal counsel was successfully pushed for by an unlikely America hero by the name Clarence Earl Gideon. He successfully ...

Ruling of Judge on Julie Amero

Julie Amero was convicted of impairing morals of seventh-grade children by exposing them to pornographic imagery. Also, the computer was corrupted with spyware and DNS hijacking software. After the appeal, the judge granted a new trial. As a result of felony charged, Julie had to face 40 years in prison. On October 19th, Julie Amero faced the porn ads exploding through her web browser during the class and the issue landed her in the court. The judge after evaluating all the facts and arguments granted a new trial and Julie was given a chance to prove that she had ...

Introduction

A career in nursing seems fulfilling, but nurses encounter challenging situations every day. Regardless of their roles, nurses face ethical dilemmas that may affect them and the patient. Importantly, there is no right or wrong solution to a particular ethical dilemma. However, nurses rely on the legal papers related to nursing standard of health care practice according to legal aspects of nursing. This paper involves the standard and legal relation between nurses and their patient. Even with the nursing standard of health care practice literature, ethical dilemmas still occur in healthcare institutions. The aim of this paper is to ...

Charles J. Keech has been in prison for thirty-three years. He was initially convicted for two counts of first degree murder, which were committed in Jacksonville—although he was not the one who committed the murders themselves. He and a group of three other men were committing a burglary in Jacksonville when the stabbings occurred, and as a result of the realities of the American penal code, Keech was tried and convicted of these two murders. His first chance for parole is not until August 17, 2034, but he is scheduled to see the parole examiner in February of ...

The supporters of Rick Perry are justified regarding the case against Rick Perry as partisan and political since the charges imposed on him were unwarranted and weak (Weber n.p). The two statutes used to indict Governor Perry are a reminiscent of the old Soviet Union, in this case, the abuse of authority issue. The issue of accusing him only because he issued a threat to veto sending does not qualify for criminal indictment. The constitution of Texas grants Perry the authority to veto bills hence he cannot face prosecution for utilizing his lawful and constitutionally given power. Accordingly, the ...

Proposition 36 - Literature Review

Before 2000 The three strikes law commonly referred to as Proposition 36 has had a long history. It started in the year 1994 when the state passed Proposition 184, which allowed courts to convict a person from 25 years to lifetime if that person had two or more serious convictions for a violent felony in the past. It also qualified the courts to double a person’s penalty of a convict if had been convicted of a felony before (Farabee et al., 2004). The initial attitude was that it was mandatory in all qualifying cases. This attitude came to ...

According to Arizona Statute 13-2910 et. Seq., animal cruelty can be defined as, "Intentionally, knowingly or recklessly subjecting any animal to cruel neglect or abandonment" (Otto, 2007). In addition to that, much is also involved in animal abuse. For instance, failing to provide medical attention to an animal or causing any physical injuries to the animal is considered a crime. Moreover, when one harms an animal or kills it without legal consent from the owner, they commit a crime. This paper will provide an insight into what dog fighting involves and the consequences that one suffers for animal cruelty ...

Section 1

Local governments in Texas play a range of roles in the day-to-day lives of locals. Among these roles include making laws and enforcing them on the local level. For example, local governments in Texas develop and enforce laws that regulate activities permitted on public land as well as how the public uses infrastructure within a given region. In addition to this, local governments in Texas are involved in delivery of such services as public health, public libraries, and maintenance of recreational facilities. The city government of Houston, for instance, provides important assistance in the processing of birth and death ...

[Class Title]

Introduction Established by the Greek statesman, Solon, sometime in the 600 B.C., voting has always been a key feature of democracy. The international community regards it as the most basic human right, which should be protected and guaranteed to all citizens of a country as stipulated by internal human rights laws. A government by the people must have the participation of the people, which is realized through suffrage. Today, voting rights are already universally practiced, yet there are certain circumstances wherein such right is taken away by the state. In the United States, a person will lose ...

Proposition 36 - Literature Review

Before 2000 The three strikes law commonly referred to as Proposition 36 has had a long history. It started in the year 1994 when the state passed Proposition 184, which allowed courts to convict a person from 25 years to lifetime if that person had two or more serious convictions for a violent felony in the past. It also qualified the courts to double a person’s penalty of a convict if had been convicted of a felony before. The initial attitude was that it was mandatory in all qualifying cases. This attitude came to change only in 1996 ...

Journalism

Late last evening, at 7 p.m., officers responded to the Target store located on Nile Boulevard. There had been reports of three female customers threatening employees with firearms. Prior to the incident the suspects had been under suspicion by employees. The four responding officers learned the suspects were seen shoplifting at the store. The employees in question attempted to stop them before they left. Using a handgun, one of the assailants verbally threatened the employees, as another kicked at employees. Using this as a chance to flee, the suspects ran outside. They left in an SUV, driven by a ...

Fearing that there could be dire implications towards the nation’s democratic ideals, many people in America have aired their criticism regarding state laws that bans felons from voting. Law professor and New York Times columnists, Janai S. Nelson, criticized the practice as ‘anti-democratic’ and discriminatory. In a New York Times article dated April 2016, Nelson stated that the running policies of felony disenfranchisement in the United States are comparable to “ the antiquated laws that excluded women, people of color and the poor from the ballot box,” which, according to Nelson, is “an anti-democratic tool with a sordid history ...

Crimes against Persons

Crimes against persons are those criminal conducts punishable under penal law and which are mainly committed against individuals as the victims (Gardner & Anderson, 2014, p.25). In such categories of crimes, the perpetrator or offender normally has the intention to cause the victim actual grievous bodily injury and harm. Examples of crimes under this category include rape, assault and murder.

Crimes against Property

These are a category of crimes in which the offender intends to take another person’s property with the intention of permanently depriving the owner of the property without necessarily intending to use force against them. Examples of these crimes ...

A growing number of the Uber drivers and the consequences of cheaper and faster transport could be reached in expense of greater risks and lack of safety. All should know the safety stakes of getting into the Uber car. The real question is does the new online transportation or rideshare network as one of the fastest growing industries in the world with the provision of a more convenient and substantial service than traditional taxi cap represents greatest safety risks for the customers. Uber Technologies Inc. (Uber) is the largest online transportation network company and one of the most popular ...

Introduction

The United States Constitution can be described as the highest law of the land. During court proceedings, the constitution is the supreme law that is applicable in determining the outcome of criminal litigation, but other laws arise from the Amendments to the Constitution. The United States Constitution often guides how the government should function, the jurisdiction of the presidency, American Congress, and the Supreme Court. It is, however, paramount to note that all American states have their own Constitutions that they enact and follow, but the federal constitution is considered the highest law that overrides other state laws in ...

Alcohol and drugs have always been associated with crime, as almost all kinds of crime are committed under the influences of either alcohol or drugs. Their use have negative effects on all aspects of life. People who abuse alcohol or drugs are not able to control themselves. These substances negatively affect personality, family and society. Driving under the influence is a real problem that has been existing for many years. It is not a surprise that accidents caused by driving under the influence are frequently fatal not only for the driver, but also for innocent passersby. Drivers can be ...

Federal Sentencing Guidelines

First, the court determines the guideline applicable to the offense committed by convicted defendant. In cases where the defendant offers a plea that establishes the commission of a more serious offense, the defendant is deemed to have committed extra offenses. However, the guidelines are not applied to misdemeanors and infractions. The base offense level is then determined according to the characteristics of the committed offense and any special instruction in the specific guideline applied. Adjustments are then made according to the harm done to the victim, the role played by the defendant in the offense, and any obstruction of ...

I think that the interactions between Cellini and his patrons are based on his skills where his competitive skill to support the works presented by the patrons has attained credible support among the people. However, the patrons found it tough to pull through with him in respect to his relationships with other people. There were various disputes that he had with the patrons included the immoralities and murder among fellow people (Cellini et al. 26). However, the patrons eventually sought his services as the new succeeding patrons arose. In the case where Cellini thought that he has been chosen ...

Affiliated Institution

The purpose of this essay is to discuss the features of the American electoral system features; how does it allow stability and change to occur simultaneously? How does it allow the participation for most of the citizens and it may also serve to filter the citizens` input? First of all, the fifteenth amendment to the United States Constitution states clearly that the right to vote is not to be “denied or abridged on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude” (US constitution, 1870). The term servitude may be a little vague, yet it was initially used to ...

Cyberbullying is the act of bullying and harassing a person with the use of electronic technology. These electronic technological devices include the use of the internet, and gadgets like cell phones, computers and laptops and tablets, etc. Over the internet, cyber bullying takes place through social media websites, emails, online chat rooms, text messages and various other websites. Cyberbullying can take place in the form of stalking someone over a period of time, harassing them through text messages and emails, spreading rumors about them and posting inappropriate and personal information about a person on social media websites. The reason ...

Abstract

A plea bargain has defined the court proceedings in the recent history of the criminal justice system. As such, prosecutors and judges have adapted to the policy to carry on activities while practicing copping plea arrangements so as to reduce the number of pending cases and the pile that characterizes most of the district magistrates’ courts. On one side, the idea of a plea bargain has greatly enhanced the efficiency of the legal systems. This is because it has reduced the time for prosecutors to work on various trials as well as reducing the instances of overcrowding in jails ( ...

In m any states, crimes are usually divided or broken down into two major categories of misdemeanors and felonies. The main difference based on this classification is usually in the form or type of punishment that can be meted out on the commission of either offense. Thus, it is the amount of jail time that an offender once convicted can be sentenced to serve in incarceration that forms the primary difference between these two categories of crimes. Dear client, please refer to the above subject. A misdemeanor is a crime that involves petty offences involving violations that are normally ...

Introduction

In the year 2014, the citizens of California voted for the passage of Proposition 47 (Couzens & Bigelow, 2016). The intention of Proposition 47 was to ensure that the amount of money spent on prisons and jails of California was reduced. An alternative was to be undertaken on the nonviolent and non-serious offences. The money saved due to Proposition 47 was to be used for other important programs and activities in the state. Some of those programs include support of high-level education and treatment of those people with mental problems. After the adoption of the Proposition 47, criticism emerged as ...

One of the most interesting facts that I learned from the academy was how patrolling worked. Before the academy, I was under the assumption that police officers randomly drove around neighbors to look for suspects and other criminal before. However, now I see that there is a define set of protocols that the officers are following when it comes to patrolling neighborhoods. For instance, there is a proactive and reactive approach when it comes to patrolling neighborhoods. Proactive is when the police officers are patrolling the neighborhood themselves to see if they can find any laws being broken or ...

Though many family courts are against the act of child kidnapping, many rows that are as a result of custody dispute often lead to a tug of war between parents. Many parents often resort to snatch and grab as their only option especially after the courts make a ruling that did not favor them. However, this act is viewed as a crime, and it is referred to as parental kidnapping. Parental kidnapping is subject to the laws set by several states to address this category of crime (Greif and Hegar 1993). Kidnapping means that the child is restrained from ...

Abstract

The paper investigates Steiney Richards, Petitioner v. Wisconsin case in order to justify whether the police officers’ use of deceptive means and forcible entry into Richards’ room violates the protection rights granted by the Fourth Amendment. It offers a summary of the case, thereby presenting the issue of the case. The paper also analyzes the Wisconsin Supreme Court’s judgment by evaluating the facts of the case. It presents the reasons offered by Richards in favor of his privacy interests and compares them with the reasons offered by police officers to gain forcible entry into Richards’ room. Therefore, the ...

Introduction

Much debate has been around the income and bail bond system in the United States. There have been expressed concerns of inequality among detainees based on their wealth and possession. Criminal justice system in the United States is confronted with the increasing number of the incarcerated population. The focus of the paper will be on presenting the arguments why the bail bond systems do not work for low income defendants. The fairness of the criminal systems has been questioned based on the disproportionate affect the bail bond has on the poor detainees.

Bail bond system

Bail bond payment is a money payment ...

The sixth amendment to the United States Constitution is a simple aspect of the constitutional rights of the offenders. It means that if someone is charged with accusations for committing a serious crime and facing a punishment, he/she has the right to have a lawyer to assist in his/her defense. A very substantial part of this concept is if the individual cannot afford to hire such, the offender has to be offered a qualified counsel at public expense. The offender must be notified about this constitutional right at his/her detention along with the rest of the rights that are ...

Although the categorization of criminal homicides somewhat varies from state to state, they typically fall into four major categories, which are justifiable homicide, exusable homicide, murder, and manslaughter. The first category of criminal homicides, which is justifiable homicide, applies to "self-defense, defense of others, defense of the home, and police use of deadly force" (Lippman, 2015). The exusable homicide type is determined as "murder committed by individuals who are considered to be legally insane, by individuals with a diminished capacity, or by infants" (Lippman, 2015). The category of murder includes all homicides which do not fall into the categories ...

Throughout the history of criminal law in the United States, the issue of felony murder rule has always been an extremely controversial and debatable matter. I am personally against the felony murder rule. In simple words, the rule indicates that "a murder that occurs during the course of a felony" is recognized and punished as an actual murder (Lippman, 2016). On the other hand, individuals advocating the felony murder rule assert that it deters delinquents and homicidally inclined individuals from commiting serious crimes. On the other hand, the most wide-spread argument against the felony murder rule is that it ...

Introduction

There are general rules of classifying criminal laws in order to determine specific codes and their respective penalties. The language used to present the codes is the actual element depicting prohibited actions within a penal or federal code. This essay exemplifies how the crimes are differentiated in the governance of the USA. In a bid to perform this task, 3 crimes are used to create distinctions of felonies and misdemeanors, state and federal crimes, as well as civil and criminal violations.

Crimes Selected

The 2 selected penal codes are kidnapping and robbery within the state of California. Kidnapping and robbery have ...

1) For low-risk offenders who pose minimal threat to public safety, there should be some sort of middle ground between imposing no punishment and imprisonment. Incarcerating all nonviolent offenders for minor crimes and offenses is simply not sustainable policy. The use of intermediate sanctions has gained popularity among the states as prison overcrowding continues to rise. Intermediate sanctions provide for great flexibility in tailoring the sanction to either be more lenient or severe based on the particular crime. All fifty states offer the intermediate sanction of house arrest as an alternative to prison (Tonry, 1997, p. 10). 2) The ...

(Institute/University)

Abstract

Recent news of police engaging lethal force to contain seemingly non-dangerous situations has dominated headlines in the news. News such as the shootings of Kajieme Powell, Michael Brown and countless others and the seeming impunity that the system grants the accused proffer that the system will use any avenue to impose the upper classes’ will on the lower class in the guise of crime control. However, rather than project a racist slant, the research also looks on the possibility that the police officers, in the line of duty, must be given enough latitude in determining the situations that ...

On (date) at (time) I, visited Clara ShortRidge Foltz Criminal Justice Center to observe a court trail.

When I got there I approached the reception desk and inquired from a Deputy on if, and which court room I could go to observe a court trial for class exercises. All the Deputies at the desk unanimously advised him to send me to the Grimm Reaper case on the 9th Floor. I got excited because I thought it must be a good case for them to send me there. Unfortunately when I walked in to the court room it was completely full with no room to sit or stand. I had no choice but to leave and look ...

Introduction

Marijuana is a significant topic throughout the United States. It can be considered one of the hottest topics regarding the general public and the Legislature. There is a growing reform when it comes to legalizing marijuana. Today, more than half of the country is in favor to legalizing the use of marijuana. The Drug Policy Alliance believes that marijuana should be treated and regulated like alcohol and tobacco and that it should be completely removed from the criminal justice system. Over the past two years, several states have legalized the recreational use of marijuana. This paper analyzes the arguments ...

Corporal punishment is considered inflicting of physical pain upon a prisoner as a punishment for violation of a prison rule or regulation. Such forms of conduct include, but are not limited to whipping, cold shower, electrical shocking devices and suspension from cell bars by handcuffs. The use of solitary imprisonment as a system of punishing violations of prison discipline is not included within corporal punishment definition. Most states have no statutes that specifically forbid the use of corporal punishment. Other states, however, prohibit corporal punishment in detention facilities by the statue. The use of corporal punishment to reinforce prison ...

(University/Institute)

Abstract

The goal of the justice system, whether the military establishment or in civilian society, is that the appropriate penalty is levied against the offending party. In the context of the military organization, the punitive sanctions against erring personnel as well as a number of individuals connected with the military is the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) wherein the concept of “non-judicial punishment” is contained. The UCMJ regulates and oversees the conduct of all trial procedures as well as the determination of the proper forum for the litigation and resolution of the charges arrayed against service members. In ...

(Professor/Instructor) (Course/Major)

Source: Law Office of Shawn M. George <http://www.smgapc.com/practice-areas/california-three-strikes-law/ Every generation in the United States has seen new tactics designed to continue the oppression of racial minorities, abjuring the rights the Founding Fathers deemed necessary and irrevocable for all people in the nation. Many African Americans were denied their right to participate in the growth of the new nation. Centuries later, the United States is still far from being called a true “egalitarian society.” Racial segregation and bigotry have been evinced in a number of forms; over the years, these forms have changed and evolved but the ...

(Institute/University)

Abstract

Nothing offends a society and community’s sense of morals and safety than instances where the most vulnerable of the community are subjected to brutal and crimes that define reason. Various agencies played significant parts in the perception of sexual felons as brutal, unfeeling and callous “brutes” out for the satisfaction of their own perverted carnal pleasures. However, research shows that what the media and other agencies reported tend to skew a proper study and comprehension of the proper understanding of what actually comprises sexual deviance. In addition, the public’s understanding of sexual felony is mainly founded ...

One of the most significant issues in the U.S. today is the systemic policies that have led to the U.S. having the largest prison population in the world. A disproportionate number of socioeconomically marginalized citizens are incarcerated and subjected to discriminatory practices by law enforcement and the justice department. The consequences are wide-reaching and inseparable, cutting across political, social, and cultural lines. In order to identify the roots of these interconnected phenomena, one needs to both understand the historical struggle of marginalized groups in the U.S. as well as follow the money. Socioeconomic discrimination, voter suppression, for-profit policing practices, ...

According to Drake, the process of representation and taxation for the federal government appears in the three-fifths compromise (238). It involved determining whether slaves would be counted as part of the general population. The southern and the northern states differed when it came to a counting of the slaves. The states of the South supported the representation of slaves. Despite this want, they did not want to pay more taxes for the slaves because slaves were seen as part of their property. The northern states, on the other hand, did not support the counting of slaves for representation. An ...

How, according to Michelle Alexander, has the American Supreme Court “eviscerated” the Fourth Amendment, which protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures? What examples does she give? CH2 According to Alexander, the American Supreme Court has eviscerated the Fourth Amendment due to the adoption of spatiality in the war against drugs. Alexander reiterates the evisceration of the Fourth Amendment due to legal espionages and conspiracies in the war against drugs where the war is inclined on racial lines. For example, Alexander attributes this practice to the incidences of stop-and –frisk operations, especially in the poor communities. Other examples presented ...

I have been working as a CID Special Agent for the past __ years, and I believe that I am now ready to take my career to the next level, that is, by assuming the role of a CID Special Agent Warrant Officer.

I have had extensive experience as a CID Agent-Criminal Investigator. I have conducted various types of investigations, including deaths, sexual assaults, armed robberies, procurement frauds, computer crimes, counter-drug operations, and war crimes. I have also provided support in forensic laboratory investigations and in felony crimes across the Army, as well as investigative support for Army Field Commanders, although ...

My name is (name) and I was charged with a crime in July of 2004. At that time I was a single parent with one child in college and another living at home. I also had my brother living with me at the time as well. It is unfortunate that it was my brother that reported me the San Diego Fraud Unit, but I was charged with living fraudulently in my mother’s home. My mother purchased this home in 1997 and transferred power of attorney to my control in an attempt to convince me to move to California. However, my ...

Introduction

The way how a correctional department handles inmates may vary from state to state. However, these state correctional departments may have something in common. Australian and British correction department authorities usually assign incarcerated individuals in areas that require human resources for community services, public projects and other civic-related works . Now what makes this idea great? Is it beneficial? Can it be considered ethical or a direct violation of human rights? Either way, that is what this presentation will be all about.

Community Service Sentencing among Low Risk Inmates

Some sources argue that community service cannot really be termed as a punishment because it is not something you assign to ...

Over the years, the Western and English have developed the conception of fundamental fairness in the relationship between governments and their people. The major breakthrough in the concept of fairness to individuals is the writing of the Magna Carta in 1215. This famous document was signed by King John, the English Monarch, which guaranteed that the rights of individuals would be respected by the government, including those that are accused of criminal activities (Ingram, 2008). The Magna Carta established that the government and the executive would be bound by the law, ...

Identification of Crimes and Defenses

Fact Summary: After taking cocaine, Nino and Bill decide they want more. Nino comes up with an idea to “scam” some more from Thomas, the boyfriend of Bill’s sister. On the way to Thomas’ house, Nino explains the details of the scam to Bill. Before arriving however, Nino drops will off and gives him a steak knife and tells him, “I may need protection.” After waiting 45 minutes, Bill walks to Thomas’ house and knocks on the door. Nino rushes out and begins beating him and cursing him for not keeping to the plan. In the process of beating ...

In 2013, the state of Georgia decided to reform its juvenile justice system by introducing new policies to reduce costs, recidivism and to reduce secure confinement costs. The main issues addressed included the high costs that the state was experiencing in its efforts to reduce crime. After several studies had been performed, results showed that the state’s juvenile system was operating on high costs and was ineffective. This study was conducted after the general assembly in 2011 looked for new ways to ensure that the public had proper safety and control the growing costs of the states adult ...

Drug courts play a vital role in the criminal justice system. The war against drug, which had started some decades back, is one of the causes of the ballooning of prison population in the US. Today, the US has the most populated prison system in the world (Hale et al 2013, p. 517). Drug courts can whittle down prison population and cut down recidivism rates. They add a facet to the criminal justice system – one that does not only judge and incarcerate, but help in restoring a person as a good member of society. The help that drug courts offer, thus, includes ...

Question 1

Are there possible criminal aspects of HIV/AIDS? Consider the case law presented in your textbook and elsewhere, and explain. Please provide specific examples.

The intentional spread of HIV is considered a criminal act. Pozgar (2012, p. 362) describes the case of an inmate who knew that he was infected with both HIV and the hepatitis virus. He was also informed of the ways that he can transmit the infection to others. He bit two correctional officers knowing that he can possibly infect them in this way. He was consequently charged with assault and battery. In State of Louisiana v. Schmidt, ...

The idea of reducing crime may be easier said than done. For centuries, governments, government departments, and other concerned authorities have battled their way to fully minimize, and in the case of idealists, fully eradicate crimes and incidences of violence, but to no avail. Crimes, both petty and felony crimes, may be present everywhere. Regardless where one goes, even in the most crime-free of all places, there is no one hundred percent guarantee that one would not be victimized by the committers of petty and or felony crimes in the area.

Compared to crime rates in most highly industrialized ...

Introduction

This paper explains how the courts in California are organized, particularly the Superior Courts system, and describes the method of determining a defendant’s bail, as well as considering the fairness of that method.

Description of the Superior Court System

The California Supreme Court is the highest court, supported by appeal courts and by a system of superior courts in each county, which have jurisdiction over both civil and criminal cases. In 2001, all 58 California counties merged their municipal and superior courts into a unified superior court per county. Overall, there are 400 superior courts locations, overseen by almost 1,500 judges. The superior courts also hear ...

Introduction

People have always criticized the use of deadly weapons ever since police started carrying guns. In order to apprehend fleeing, the Supreme Court in Tennesse v. Garner passed laws for the use of deadly force for the non-violent felony to violate the Fourth Amendment. This decision has influenced a number of homicides by police officers nationwide. This investigation has reduced a significant percentage in the homicides before and after the decision. Under such decision, there is a reduction not only in shooting fleeing felons, but also in police shooting. In 1858, a newspaper of New York Time had discussed a case in which a police ...

Violent crimes involve the use of threats and aggressive force on the victim. Such crimes entail violence as the main idea such as in murder and where it is the goal such as in robbery. When using weapons, such crimes are termed as violent, where in most cases except rape, male are the most venerable victims of violent crimes. Classification of violent crimes in criminology is not a well agreed concept as different legal terms and constitutions are used to define various crimes differently. In United States, there are over 53 jurisdictions into violent crimes and murder (Carey, 2001).

...

Manslaughter

Manslaughter is a civil terminology used to describe the act of killing an individual which is slightly culpable as compared to the commitment of murder. The distinctive factor between murder and manslaughter is the mental state of the individual committing the felony(Loveless, 2012). Manslaughter is categorized into voluntary and involuntary.

Voluntary manslaughter is the instance where the culprit has an intent which leads to a serious injury or death of an individual. Voluntary manslaughter usually carries light degree of charges basing on the mental state of the defendant and the circumstances he or she faces. According to Collings (1962), a homicide ...

Kidnapping is said to have occurred when an individual, unlawfully, physically moves or takes away another individual without that his or her consent, with the aim of using the abduction alongside some other despicable objective. Sanders(2003) defines kidnapping as the act of confining, imprisoning or abducting another person either secretly, by threat or forcibly with intention of that person for a reward or ransom, or as a hostage or shield. The other motives behind kidnaping are: to facilitate or commit felony,to harm or terrorize another person or the victim.

Lastly kidnapping may be committed with the intent of interfering ...