Essays on Feudalism

The factors that contributed to Europe’s economic growth between 950 and 1100, otherwise known as the Early Middle Ages, were the development of new technology like crop rotation as well as the improved climate which allowed farmers to produce more crops which they could trade with thus helping the economy (Norton 2010). The increase in towns and commerce also helped as the “agricultural revolution served as a foundation for a new commercial revolution” (Norton 2010). Thus the towns became a symbol for the relationship which they shared with those who lived in the countryside as the goods that ...

An important point in the concept of religion for Marx becomes a thought that as the people can overcome religious under the conditions of man's mastery of the forces of nature and overcoming the contradictions between the people in the socio-economic and political spheres of society. So, religion reflects the time of man's dependence on the conditions of the life and definite social relations. The real forces facing people in their lives, and who rule over a man, recognized by the religious consciousness in distorted form and appear as ethereal, supernatural forces. From the standpoint of Marx religion is ...

1. a.) Visigoths: was a Germanic tribe western branch of a Goths. b.) Significance: in 377Visigothshave lifted revolt against the Romans and got a permission to settle down on the Balkan Peninsula. Made attacks on Constantinople and Italy, in 410 invaded and sacked Rome. Visigoths founded the first barbarous kingdom in the territory of the Roman Empire. 2. a.) “DarkAges”: is a term introduced by the Francesco Petrarch to refer the period of European history since the fall of the Western Roman Empire to the Renaissance. b.) Significance: Great Migration - from the periphery to the center of ...

“The black death entered the port city of Messina on the island of Sicily in October 1347. It traveled aboard trade ships en route from the East, where it had decimated populations. Now it would spread throughout Europe” (qtd. in Peters 1). According to an article published by History channel in the internet 12 Genoese trading ships were awaited by the good people of Messina. The people gathered in the Sicilian port had no idea that most of the men on board are already dead. Before the authorities of Sicilian were able to draw the ships away from the ...

Introduction

Globalization has come up with major trends amongst multinational corporations and other ordinary entities. This is because the idea of doing business across different boundaries lends itself to unique and distinct issues and matters. Globalization comes with a high degree of uncertainty because it involves dealing with many issues and matters across boundaries. In the past, most nations around the world were focused on dealing with matters within a given national framework or country. However, multinational entities deal with things that spans across different nations and communities. This comes with major problems and challenges. Furthermore, ethics are subjective. They ...

Proposed the presence of a steady clash between proprietors of the method for creation and those men and ladies who were subordinate upon the specific first class for wages and advantages, Karl Marx and Frederick Engles were the ones who are responsible for contributing that perspective in our world history. Different scholars have different opinions and ideas about the proper evaluation of world history before or after the change in the production process because of the Industrial Revolution. At issue in this is a rundown of the perspectives given by Marx and Engels, an examination of that view to ...

An economic system is a socially established institution that coordinates human activities in order to produce, distribute and consume goods and services. Goods comprise the commodities that are extracted from the earth and processed such as food, clothing and natural gas among others. Services comprise activities performed for others that result in the tangible products such as transportation, medical care and education among others. Therefore, three ongoing revolutions have shaped the global economic system. These revolutions include agricultural, industrial and information revolutions. These revolutions contain institutions that make them up, are constantly evolving, and will continue to evolve.

An ...

1.It is true that agriculture has been one of the greatest inventions in the history of mankind due to the impacts it has brought to the world. Due to the competition between humans and animals agriculture has brought dependence and food security against the ever diminishing natural resources. Agriculture led to the invention of fire that has had substantial positive effects on the human livelihood in terms of domestication and other uses of fire. The invention of transport and communication means has also had big and positive impacts on the human life to a bigger magnitude. These inventions have enabled ...

- There were a number of similarities between China under the Han and the Roman Empire. Why do you think that was so? Was it simply historical accident? Do those aspects of empire imply some sort of empire-building process common throughout the world? Why or why not?

China and Rome were both land empires, based mostly on agriculture, as were all other empires before the industrial revolution over the last 200 years. These two empires developed along similar lines even though they had no contact with each other, given the extremely slow communications and travel times of that era. They all seem to have had very similar caste systems, with slaves and peasants at the bottom, an aristocratic-military caste and an emperor or king at the apex (Adler and Pouwels, 2008, pp. 169-70). Both the Han and the Roman emperors also claimed to rule by divine ...

Several institutions developed in both France and England in the 13 and 14th century and these institutions were behind the civilization of western countries. The first institution was the church. Many crusades were made in these countries facilitating the spread of Christianity. When church became an institution in these countries, leadership became a major issue and specifically the catholic leaders became too much involved in political affairs. They controlled monarchy in England that had a lot of power (Noble, 156).

Schools are some of the other institutions that were very important during the period. Many people got their education during the ...

Edward Bellamy was an economist who disliked the socio-economic conditions because many laborers got a subsistence pay. Bellamy wrote a book called Looking Backward, which focuses on Julian West who is an upperclassman, lived in Boston. It is important to note that Bellamy lived during the industrial revolution in the US. His book talks of West being induced to sleep because of his chronic Insomnia. The author records accounts of laborers striking because the capitalists and the landlords enjoyed all the profits and interests respectively. Bellamy writes, “The producers of the nineteenth century were not, like ours, working together for the ...

The dark ages in the European history could be attributed mostly to having made no worthwhile positive contribution to the development of the continent. It was a period that was characterized by stories of stagnated growth in the educational, cultural, as well as the artistic cultures of the time. Like the era was referred later on in history, it was an era most people do not want to say was part of their history. The dark ages were a period that is accepted to have begun with the fall of the Roman Empire and lasted until the advent of the new ...

Introduction

Ancient Societies existed through a lot of strife politically, economically and socially. This essay explains issues in relation to the creation of a better world through the eyes of Confucius and Socrates. It also examines the crisis of the third century in the Roman Empire as well as the feudalism. States and Empires managed to overcome their challenges through socio-economic, as well as political reforms.

Creation of a better world

Confucius, the most significant Chinese philosopher, believes and teaches that the nature of men is the same but their habits separate them. He also believed that one should not do to others that which he would ...

Introduction

It is popularly believed that the original Tibetan culture under the Dalai Lama was spiritual, non-violent and free from corruption, lust, and greed and that Tibetans lived happily in pre-1950 period before the invasion of the country by China. However, it is claimed by China that the reality was far from true as Tibetan society was marked by corruption, lust, greed, and barbarity. Not a long ago, the head of the Chinese administration for religious affairs, Ye Xiaowen, claimed in a published article in a state-run newspaper 'China Daily' that "History clearly reveals that the old Tibet was not the Shangri-La that ...

Human ability to adapt to change has been a subject matter of great contention. History shows that people have fought wars and caused great social disharmony to resist change. For instance, the Crusades that were wars that lasted for centuries to resist the growing power of Islam in the Western World. The idea of change, a new religion was too threatening. Moreover, literature is rife with stories that illustrate the problems created because of characters’ inability accept change. For instance, it is believed my many that Shakespeare’s Hamlet is actually a story about the titular character’s inability to accept change, ...

Lu Xun and the May Fourth Movement

The May Fourth movement happened in May 4th 1919 and was in fact one of one the most pivotal times in the history in China (Goldman, 4). At this time China was one of the most thriving economies in the world with trade, agriculture and culture governed by tradition. Some young students had gone abroad to further their studies. On coming back and influenced by the cultures of the countries in which they had studied they sought to revolutionize the country so that it could become more westernized and democratic (Goldman, 6). Over time people have argued that some ...

Feudalism and patrimonial are two key factors in the styles of governance in the country, but how much has both systems affected the modern society? The very core of the society rests on the history of the world. Countries model their policies on past experiences so as to improve the conditions for the people. Of course, there are countries that continue to hold on to the traditions of the past and find that they have not accepted modernization. Interestingly, there are others who have changed from the steadfast practices of feudalism and patrimonial systems of governance, but, still they ...

- Emergence of sociology resulted from human curiosity that led to the evolution of a number of theories with different people trying to explain the social world in their views. - The revolution of social order started in the eighteenth century due to the social uprisings that changed the state of social order. - The social revolution changed how the humans and people around the globe viewed the society. The society is controlled by the people and people only. - Before the different aspects of humanity believed that only the kings and God controlled the world, but ...

The economy of the modern world reflects the two prominent theories of Adam Smith and Karl Marx. The world economy currently marked with free trade which Adam Smith theorizes in his book, the Wealth of the Nation. A small part of the world, however, is in the close trade applying the principle of communism. The western part, for example, engages in a free trade or capitalism form of economy, while a minor part of the world is in communist/socialist state. According to an online encyclopaedia, communist/socialist states include People Republic of China, Republic of Cuba, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, ...

Question 1

You have just been hired by a large organization to serve as a first line supervisor, but because you are in an influential department, you have the opportunity to meet the top managers at a company party and to dialogue with the CEO on his responsibilities. Knowing the responsibilities and types of decisions made by top management as we studied them in organization theory, what would you discuss the organization with the CEO?

Response:

Awareness is necessary with preparedness for the conversation or discussion with the CEO about the organization. Initially, I would discuss about the advantages of the organization as a tool to ...

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

The French Revolution or the Reign of Terror has been one of the world’s bloodiest and influential revolutions in history, reshaping international and regional politics as it is seen today. Born out of discontent towards the monarchy and lack of rights, the Reign of Terror took many lives in the process and questioned the capability of the monarchy to lead the country. French citizens were left in disarray with the lack of system and the necessity of having a government that would respect the rights and liberties of the people were becoming crucial given the state France is after ...

The Code of Hammurabi – it is one of the oldest monuments in the sphere of ​​legislation. It is a black basalt pillar on which cuneiform inscriptions on the classic Babylonian dialect of Akkadian are located, which include two hundred eighty-two articles from various areas of law. The Code of Hammurabi was created by the king of Babylon Hammurabi, who reigned in round 1793-1750 years BC and made Babylon the biggest cultural, economic and political center of Asia Minor of those times. The Code of Hammurabi – is one of the most important sources of the ancient Babylonian law and of the ...

Summary and Critique of Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty

The book Why Nations Fail: the Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty by Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson try to convey the incentives motivating individuals and the regulations influencing a nation’s economy and its possible outcomes. The result is an extremely valuable work providing loads of information based on chronology and geography and consists of highly appealing historical accounts involving the political and economic environment.

Drifting apart: chapter summary

This is one of the important chapters which traces the type of institutional drift, the evolution and significant junctures either away or towards inclusive institutions. The chapter tries to inform that most societies ...

Thesis.

Founded on three fundamental principles of equality, fraternity and liberty, the French revolution spanned from 1789-1799. The revolution was really a historical landmark in the world for the massive bloodshed and intensity of the revolution. The country had been torn apart by political and religious strives which had persisted for a decade. After the revolution, the napoleon Bonaparte assumed power as the emperor. The revolution had begun due to the resentment of the feudalism, civil inequality and religious intolerance. It was geared towards the French establishment of a new political and social system where all people would enjoy equality before the law, ...

According to Marx, revolutionaries required a new historical theory. Marx preferred the theory by Hegel, which he supported in his argument. Marx started his argument with the social class and furthered to the people’s relation, and the means of production. According to Marx, m6en are classified into definite relations that are independent of their relations of production. The relations of production are made of the foundations, the economic structure, and the political superstructure. According to Rigby, Marx states that historical change is because of contradiction, and conflict. The mode that is used in production affect the overall process of ...

Feudalism is a hierarchical political, economic and military system whereby a king exchanges land or a gift for protection in the Middle Ages. There was instability due to the fall of Rome and trade, security and communication came to a halt and this forced the kings to strike a deal with the nobles with land in exchange for military service, taxes and food from the peasants. This system helped European civilization lift itself out of the Dark Ages. The feudal system was a bond in which people were linked in a chain of common obligations to each other. Even though the conditions for the bond were ...

The term “historical materialism” refers to a methodology for studying history, economics and society. Its first expression came from Karl Marx, who presented it as the materialist conception of history. This theory seeks to explain changes in productive capacity and technology on the basis of the organization of economy and society as a whole. The theory focuses on the means that humans use to generate the necessities of existence. The relationships among the social classes, the political structures at work in a society, and the general ideologies at play all are part of the consideration. Since the time of Marx, myriads of ...

The nature of China’s communist government

China has the longest history in the world. The people of China have revolutionary tradition and have jointly created a great culture. After 1840, feudal china greatly reduced to a semi-feudal and semi-colonial culture. The Chinese citizens had to go through heroic struggles in order to gain national independence, liberation for democracy and freedom. In the 20th century, great historical changes have taken place in china significantly. The revolution that was led by Dr Yat-Sen in 1911 destroyed the feudal monarchy which later evolved and became the Republic of China. The citizens of china have not yet fulfilled the historical task ...

This theory basically assumes that the society is basically guided and controlled by material conditions at all times. This implies that the contacts and bonds established by the members of the society at all times are determined by the desires to satisfy their primary/ basic needs. According to Marx and Engels, the development of the material conditions can be explained through the following distinct stages.

Primitive communism

This is the first stage in the theory and is characterised by the following: There is no private ownership of property in the society. The property in such a society is viewed to be communal ...

Introduction

Feudalism refers to a traditional social and economic system that turned out to be successful in Europe immediately after the collapse of the Roman Empire. The system played an imperative role in Europe by encouraging order and protection in European communities when there was much instability. The instability in Europe resulted from Nordic, Moslem and Barbarians who were invading the country from all over. Therefore, this made Europeans be in need of defense of attacks, internal order as well as economic stability and feudalism played a vital role in providing them. This system developed in Europe because people were in need ...

Introduction

Many theories have been advanced to explain disability with many of them revolving around biomedical origins. However, sociologists have developed quite a different school of thought. According to sociologists, disability, which can be physical, cognitive, emotional, mental or developmental, is an impairment that can largely be linked to historiography, social construction as well as social organization.

Historiography

Historiography seeks to explain disability by applying two concepts: materialism and feudalism. Materialists argue that disability is a social experience, which arises from the specific ways in which society organizes its fundamental activities i.e. work, transport, leisure, education and domestic life. According to Gleeson (1999), ...

Response: Private Property and Free Enterprise: Good or Bad?

According to the prompt, "Private property and free enterprise is a source of enmity, conflict and inequality, and it is therefore incompatible with a free, equal and healthy democracy." This is an interesting question; the implication within the sentence is that there is a fundamental incompatibility with free enterprise and an effective democracy. In order to address whether or not this statement is correct, it is necessary to consult some of the great voices in economic thought; through the perspectives of Marx, Rawls, Mill and Hobbes, the importance of capitalism to a just and equitable democracy will be explored. While people like Hobbes ...

Thomas Ertman identified four types of territorial states in early modern Europe, all of which faced significant strains, challenges from below and demands for change that finally culminated in the French Revolution of 1789. Even Britain, which had already experienced two revolutions in the 17th Century that overthrow the absolutist monarchy and established the principle of parliamentary supremacy, underwent significant strains and conflicts at that time, with demands for greater democracy in political and economic life. Britain’s bureaucratic constitutionalism, which had replaced the absolute Tudor and Stuart monarchies, managed to weather the storm more or less intact (Ertman ...

Feudalism refers to the spread of political influence between noble figures. This political system reached the height of its power during Europe’s middle Ages. Europe’s feudal society incorporated the king, lords, and vassals as the predominate figure heads. By exploring concepts of feudalism throughout Europe one can gain a better understanding of political systems during the middle Ages.

The Rise of Feudalism

At the onset of the middle Ages, Europe was facing severe economic and population depletion. This was largely due to the threat of invasion and war with other world populations. In order to resolve this need for protection, Europe implemented a ...

1. Information is becoming a source of political power in organization since the ability to acquire and use specific information could affect decision-making and steer organizations in a particular direction. The most extreme form of information ownership is information feudalism, which implies that managers are in complete control of information and release it only if they believe it is appropriate. Although this strategy could be helpful for the units that possess the most information, in general it jeopardizes cross-fertilization and cross-unit collaboration. Moreover, information feudalism makes it hard for other units to obtain the required information. The situation becomes especially dangerous ...

Both the Early and High Middle Ages ended with severe crises, such as the very destructive invasions of the Northmen (Vikings) in the 800s and 900s and the Black Death and peasant revolts of the 14th Century. Throughout the Middle Ages, kings and emperors struggled to establish order and stability in the face on constant clashes between various factions of robber barons, bandits, raiders and rival feudal overlords, such as the wars fought by King Louis the Fat for decades in the region around Paris. Feudalism was thus characterized by the lack of a centralized state and the political and ...

The collapse of the Roman Empire meant that a new way of life and government had to be established in the Empire’s former territories. The seeds of the new system were born in the as new centers of powers were established on a more local level in a system called Feudalism1. The term Feudalism was not actually used at the time it was in practice, but was “a term invented in the sixteenth century by royal lawyers to describe the decentralized and complex social, political, and economic society out of which the modern state was emerging.”2 Feudalism in Europe lasted throughout ...

Introduction

The study of sociology requires different paradigms that take different theories. Theory enables sociologists to have multiple methods of conceptualizing the society. The angle upon which we explore social theory is called a paradigm. Kerbo defines a paradigm as a “fundamental image of the subject matter within science. It serves to define how it should be studied and what should be studied, what questions should be asked, how they should be asked, and what rules should be followed in interpreting the answers obtained.” Paradigm assumptions are similar to paradigms but more specific to images about a subject matter contained within a paradigm (Kerbo, 2009, ...

Discuss the system of alliances that emerged during and after the Congress of Vienna. What were the goals of the Congress of Vienna and was the Congress successful in implementing these goals? Did the system of alliances remain intact a century later?

The congress of Vienna was convened by the four powers that had contributed the most to conquer napoleon. These four powers included Russia, Austria, Britain and Prussia. This congress was convened in an attempt to make stable the map of Europe following the mayhem caused by war that had lasted for more than twenty years. This congress was ...

Abstract

This paper is a research proposal that aims at determining the how the continental Europe and its influence over the entire world could be described using sociology symbols. These are the factors which have shaped the history and the current Europe, ranging from civilization, the traditional empires, political, social and economic revolutions, and social and economic theories. The paper explains the thesis, research questions, the hypothesis and the methodology to be utilized in the study, as well as the methods for representing the information.

Introduction

The European continent can be described as the cradle of modern world civilization, governments, technology and ...