Essays on Filters

Part 2. Recent and historical images of Mars

Historical Image of Mars. Website reference: http://www.fourthplanet.space/tag/christiaan-huygens/

Image info: Christiaan Huygens’ observational drawing of Mars shows a triangular feature which known today as Syrtis Major.

Telescope used: Huygens used a telescope created by himself (1655). It was a good 2-inch (5.1-cm) telescope of 10.5-foot (3.2-m) focal length and 50x magnification. (Sheehan)

Observer: Christiaan Huygens

Exposure time: Observations were taken over a number of weeks. Other relevant details: Huygens used results of his observations of Mars to measure Mars’ rotational period. He measured it as 24 hours (only one hour away from the rotational period of the planet recognized today). It should be noted that the most prominent and largest crater of the Mars was named after Huygens (14.0°S, 304.4° ...

A lot of food is wasted in American food stores and according to the movie Dive!, more of this food should be given out to needy people who need it. Water is also considered part of food and on equal measure, just like food, it should not be wasted. Instead, there should be a moderate use of it to avoid wastage. Hone water filters or rain filters offer an efficient way of reducing water. Just like any other food, water needs to be used sparingly because some areas in the US are forced to go through rationing due to ...

LAB REPORT-CONTROL SYSTEMS

Abstract Filters are widely applied in many fields and are found in most of the devices. Such areas include low-pass filters installed in the landline telephones, a high-pass filters that are installed in the DSL modems with high-bandwidth and a band-pass filter installed in the cell-phone. The latter enables one to hear only the person to whom you are speaking, but not any other person around you even if they too are on their calls. Finally is the band-reject filter that helps to reject any AC power signal with a frequency of 50Hz or 60Hz when operating the sensitive ...

A cigarette is a small roll of tiny grounded tobacco leaves rolled in a thin piece of paper for the purpose of smoking. Tobacco as the main ingredient in a cigarette is combined with additional flavors and chemicals which keep the cigarette burning. There exist over 4000 different chemicals in a cigarette most of which have the potential to cause health problems in human beings as researched. This challenge, however, has never prevented smokers from withdrawing, and statistic still shows a significant increase in the number of smokers all over the world annually (Coffa et al. 64-73). Philip Morris ...

Information Security Threats

Introduction Information is one of the most important assets for many organizations, as it acts as a differentiator and provides a competitive advantage. Loss of information such as patent information, proprietary processes, or trade secrets could prove to be very detrimental to a business. While there are many threats to the information security, this report focuses on three of them, which are 1) Denial of service, 2) Privilege escalation, and 3) Backdoor. This report provides measures that address, block, or removes these threats. Information about tools, products, or services that mitigate these threats is provided in the report as ...

The Meaning of Consumption Activities in Daily Life

The theory of consumption is one of the fundamental disciplines of microeconomics. It explores the economic decisions, especially in the area of consumption by private economic agents. The behavior of the consumer (buyer) in the market economy is based on the theory of demand (consumer behavior theory), which is based on how and how our needs are converted into a certain amount of demand; how from a variety of benefits we choose what suits us. Consumer behavior is the process of formation of the market demand of buyers offering a choice of benefits taking into account the existing price. ...

Introduction

Cigarette collection systems comprise of the major ways that several companies including Tobacco manufacturing industries that help as one of the strategies in managing effect of cigarette butts in littering bins that is currently a big challenge in urban areas. According to Riutta, (2012), it is imperative to address this topic of issues concerning cigarette butts in our daily city lives because of the high negative impact they have on our environment, and thus health being one of the leading causes of preventable deaths. According to health analysts, cigarette butts are made from a fibrous material that is essential ...

Introduction

In a perfect world all students of all ages would have someone there to rely on to make sure they have the support needed to get through school. We are not only talking about your standard classroom teacher. We are talking about someone that is experienced and knowledgeable in many different areas, not just in one. These individuals are mentors and can be in the form of teachers, parents, administrators, counselors, etc. The literature seems to indicate that there are numerous mentorship programs happening at the public and private schools for high school students. Some of the programs cater ...

Social media has a lot of impact in the current world more than anyone would have thought of 15 years back. Development of technology not only for business and corporate purposes but significant changes in the social field where teenagers are mainly involved. In the previous years, social media was on computers which had the private connection to the Internet, today with an existence of smartphones and tablets accessing the different sites is easier and faster. Access of social no longer has limitations to Cyber cafes offering Internet services; an individual can sign in and connect with friends anywhere. ...

Vaping vs. Tobacco

Introduction Vaping vs. Tobacco

The financial issue is one of the major areas that are highly debated when discussing vaping and tobacco. Various states have large tracks of a tobacco plantation and that the amount of tobacco sold forms more substantial portion of the country's revenue. Smoking is known to create tremendous wealth, majorly for the government, which has been the leading cause of all conflict of interest. Government revenue is, to a greater percentage, connected to cigarette sales. Tobacco forms a larger part of revenue for huge transnational industries, which results to external factors having a strong influence ...

Benefits of email marketing over other types of marketing. ROI(return on investment)is very high and customer is easily reached. Reasons for investing the time and resources the marketing program using bulk email are listed below. Reduced Time & Effort : Postal service,telemarketing are quiet expensive and consume lot of manual labor,other resources. The potential customers may not answer the phone call or miss the post. Marketing using email requires less than two hours. Templates which easily allow changes to be made in the content are used for the purpose. The senders list is retrieved from the ...

Fuel Cell Technologies in Passenger Cars

Fuel Cell Technology The last decade is characterized by the rapid development of research activity in the field of fuel cells, thus, creating the conditions for their uptake in electric systems. The basic fuel cells’ operating principle has been known for 150 years. However, a variety of technical and financial problems had kept them on the margins of technological applications (Brandon & Hart, 1999). The basic difference between a fuel cell and batteries is that while batteries store energy, fuel cells directly convert a fuel’s chemical energy into electricity by an electrochemical reaction (i.e. Without requiring combustion or movement ...

The spread of the content for public mass media is greatly impacted by the spread of globalization in the world. This has greatly affected the individual lives of the younger generation as they are presented with the opportunity of viewing illegal and restricted content. Due to this, certain states advocate for the increase of cyber security in order to curb the unrestricted flow of illegal content found on various websites and several mobile applications. Countries like New Zealand and the United States understand the relevance of increasing cyber security by introducing severe control instruments regarding the publication of restricted ...

Management

Introduction The concept of fire prevention is attributed to the function of fire personnel in actively responding to incidents of fire outbreaks. In fire prevention, it is the goal of the key personnel to educate the public in taking precautions to prevent hazards that could potentially cause an outbreak. On the organizational level, the Fire Office/Manager assumes this responsibility by ensuring compliance to the fire prevention codes. This includes the responsibility to investigate, monitor, inspect, report, and conduct precautionary measures to address potential hazards if found. The discussion will present the mission statement stipulating the role and responsibilities of ...

Introduction

Power quality is an essential factor as far as performance of the electrical machines and equipment are concerned. Quality plays an integral role in ensuring reliability and satisfactory service by improving the transmission and distribution of electric power. In order to serve a huge section of the world with electrical power, quality is paramount in order to reduce losses during transmission and distribution. IEEE defines power quality as the deviation of current and voltage from the ideal to the actual realization. It factors in the concept of ensuring high standard powering and grounding of the electrical equipment for the ...

Signal filtering is one of the most fundamental practices in signal processing. The filters are widely incorporated in the signal processing circuits due to their indomitable role in data acquisition and also to get rid of all the unnecessary signals and frequencies which interfere with the quality of the main signal. These unwanted signals are commonly referred to as noises. Once the signal has been filtered, they are then processed as either analog or digital depending on the signals application. Some signals are however weak and thus require an amplification circuit so that the filtering circuits can be consistent. ...

Dear Editor,

Community is under the threat! The access to clean water can become limited. It is high time to make some actions towards helping of our community. This is not a joke and it is not even a secret that the only river which leads to the town is being constantly polluted by the plastic factory. People will no longer be able to get as clean water as before from their taps. It is necessary to take some measures in order to help them and me and you. It is not a problem of our town only, it touches upon ...

Procedure 1: Locating the position of a gene

In Ensembl: Search the internet link to the ensemble website: http://www.ensembl.org/index.html On the Genome Browser located on the web page, select the human genome – GRCh38.p5 – to obtain various sub-topics about the genome. Type the name of the gene in the search box of the human genome webpage. The MSRA homepage will contain a summarized description of the gene, including the including the location of the chromosome, its size, and the start and finish nucleotide.

In NCBI:

Search the link http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ to obtain the NCBI homepage. Type the gene name MSRA on the gene search box. From the list of search results, ...

on students of Melbourne University Reading is one of the first skills taught and applied during the first years of education in schools across the globe. Duggan (2009) expressed adept readers showed to have fast reading times as the most reliable indicator for their skills, while text comprehension was also an indicator, but a more difficult one to assess. In opposition, the experience of reading can be either improved or weakened by exterior elements different than the reader himself. Irlen’s trials (as stated by Morrison, 2011), claimed that reading black words on pale backgrounds, such as white, caused ...

of students on the disability service program on Irvine University

A Statistical Approach

Reading is one of the first abilities developed and enforced during the first years of education across the world. Duggan (2009) states that one of the two most characteristic attributes a skillful reader has is his speed and ease while reading, the other being the understanding of the text. Conversely, the experience of reading can be enhanced or deteriorated by outside elements other than the reader himself. Irlen’s study (as cited by Morrison, 2011) suggests that visual perception is distorted when reading black words on a white background, ...

Occupational and Environmental Health in Carbon Nano-Tube Thread Manufacturing

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have novel physicochemical properties accompanied by new risks and uncertainties (European Agency for Safety and Health at Work [EU-OSHA], 2009). CNT release into environment and worker exposure can occur during any stage of production, usage, transport, waste treatment or storage. Data on occupational exposure to CNT is limited, and measurement techniques are also not fully developed. Engineering controls and personal protective equipment used for aerosol pollution are recommended for CNT also. Though CNTs have a primary graphene structure, their properties are entirely different from carbon particles, for which there are established exposure limits. CNT emissions are ...

The urinary tract is also called the urinary system, consisting of the kidney, ureters, bladder and urethra (Amerman, 2016). The urinary system main function is to preserve homeostasis through water and electrolytes conservation and also excrete toxins from the body (Amerman, 2016). The kidneys filter blood and balance fluids in the body; the ureters are channels through which urine travels to the bladder. Urine is stored in the bladder before it is passed out of the body through the urethra (Amerman, 2016). The urinary system can be attacked by infections causing blockage, damage, and injuries to the tissues impeding ...

Water equals life because without water there is no life. Water constitutes two thirds of human body weight: the human brain consists of 95% of water; the blood contains 82% of water; and people’s lungs are made up of 90%. That is why people cannot live without water and are in constant need of it. The same can be said about animals and plants. In other words, all living organisms depend on water. And though water covers 70% of the earth’s surface, there is still a need in it. There are several reasons for it. Firstly, not ...

Background information

The need for clean water for use by humanity has since time immemorial been an area of concern with scientists and scholars inventing methods that prove to be more efficient than their predecessors. The ultimate goal has always been the removal of undesirable chemicals and pathogens that would, however, render the water unfit for human and industrial consumption. In today’s contemporary society, human activity has culminated into pollution of the natural environment including water catchment areas. This has therefore made water unfit for consumption thereby prompting for more cost-effective and efficient methods for purification of this natural resource. ...

PURPOSE

Design an active second order Low-pass filter and characterize its frequency response.EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS Oscilloscope Power Supply Function Generator UA741 or LM741 OP AMP 4.7 nF Capacitors

Resistors

PRELAB 1. The RC circuit is shown in the following figure. Node Voltage Analysis is done in order to generate a transfer function Tvs=V2sV1s. In the circuit, voltage at node A is also the input voltage (V1=VA), and voltage at node D is also the output voltage (V2=VD).

KCL at node B:

V1-VBR1=VB-V21/sC1+VB-VCR2 (1)

KCL at node C:

VB-VCR2=VC1/sC2 (2) V2=uVC→VC=V2u (3)

Simplifying (2):

VB=VC1+sR2C2 (4)

Then, substituting (3) to (4):

VB=V2u1+sR2C2 (5)

Substituting (3) and (5) to (1):

V1-V2u1+sR2C2R1=V2u1+sR2C2-V21sC1+V2u1+sR2C2-V2uR2 V1-V2u1+sR2C2R1=V2u1-u+sR2C21sC1+V2usR2C2R2 V1-V2u1+ ...

Objective:

This experiment is about the implementation and testing of low-pass, high-pass, and band-pass filters. The frequency response of each filter is analyzed using Bode plots. The properties of passive devices will be used to explain the response.

Equipment List:

EQUIPMENT Oscilloscope 2 Function Generators

COMPONENTS

1µF Capacitors 1 kΩ Resistors

Relevant Theory/Background Information:

A low-pass filter is a filter that allows frequencies below a cut-off frequency while filtering out frequencies above this cut-off frequency. For a simple series RC circuit, a low-pass filter can be created by connecting the input signal to the resistor and taking the output from the capacitor. The cut-off frequency ...

As early as elementary school, we are taught the water cycle. The simple cycle of evaporation that causes the clouds, the clouds rain on the land, the water is soaked up into the soil, lakes, and rivers only to travel back to the ocean and eventually become rain and snow again. It sounds like a simple process. However, much of California has been in drought for a while and everyone is suffering. Many cities ban the use of water outside, except on a specific day of the week. Neighbors turn each other in for water use. The rolling hills ...