Essays on First-Out

[Subject/Course] [Submission Date]

Introduction

An M/M/1 queue consists of a first-in-first-out (FIFO) buffer with packets arriving randomly according to a Poisson process. It also includes a processor, also known as server, used for the packets’ retrieval from the buffer at a specified service rate. Therefore, the model statistics’ collection requires node and project as the two major components. These two constituents also contribute in the running of simulating statistics results. In general, the M/M/1 queue requires packet arrival rate, packet size, and service capacity.

Objective

The objective of this lab experiment is to explore the node editor and to assess how ...

Inventory is stated at the lower of the cost or the market value. The U.S. subsidiary uses the last-in, first-out (LIFO) principle while the value of the rest of the inventory is estimated using the first-in, first-out basis (FIFO). The total inventory under FIFO was found to be $ 8,844 million. The LIFO valuation was $7,866 which was ($978) lower. FIFO method assumes that the inventory units that were first to get to the stores are the ones that will be sold first. The implication is that the old stocks move fast. On the other hand, the LIFO ...

Question 1

Financial managers play an important role in an organization. They are required to manage an organization’s financial activities in line with its underlying goals and objectives. Financial management activities aimed at increasing and organization’s profit shence contributing to subsequent growth of a firm. A firm’s investment in productive projects or in any production process has a great impact on the returns the shareholders will acquire. This comes in as a result of taking a safety investment which is certain of making profits to the firm. Earnings from the invested funds of such projects ensure that the shareholders are contented with ...

GAAP and IFRS have some inherent differences in their approach towards valuation. One of the differences is seen in the valuation of intangible assets (Porter & Norton, 2011). Under the GAAP, intangible assets are valued at fair value. Unlike the GAAP, the IFRS recognizes the assets which will have future economic benefits as well as measured reliability. The other difference is seen in the valuation of inventory costs (Porter & Norton, 2011). The IFRS does not allow the Last-in, First-out (LIFO) approach towards the account of the costs associated with inventory. The GAAP allows the use of the First-in, First-out (FIFO) ...

Here is a brief introduction to the enclosed report that is going to be presented in the upcoming pages. We are talking of neutrality and to want to bring up the issues how recent companies are trying to bring inequality in the use of different sites. Internet has always helped us to browse websites on equal basis. But the changes in neutrality would take away our freedom to do so. And thus this document would take you to the journey of how internet works and to the reasons for which neutrality should be saved. And it is even way to ...

Using the following imaginary company data the differing effects using LIFO vis-à-vis FIFO will be shown and explained. Assume a physical count determined 20 units in ending inventory. The first-in-first-out (FIFO) method assumes that the first units purchased are the first unit sold and to be expensed to cost of goods sold (COGS); therefore, the units remaining in ending inventory (EI) are comprised of the latest units to be purchased. The last-in-first-out (LIFO) method assumes the latest units purchased are the first units to be sold and to be expensed to COGS; therefore, the units remaining in EI ...

IFRS is a set of principles of international accounting standards that regulate transactions and events reported in financial statements. Unlike GAAP, IFRS is based on principles rather than rules of accounting standards. IFRS includes all the interpretations and standards issued by the IASB and IAS, and IASC; it allows accountants to have greater flexibility and discretion than in GAAP when preparing financial reports (International Accounting Standards Committee, 2001). IFRS is crucial for accountants as it assists in development of transparent, comparable, and quality financial statements through the stipulated principles. It takes the needs of emerging markets in cases of international ...

Question 1

The factor that would be interesting to an investor is the decline in revenue. The management of the company has reported a decline in revenue from the year 2012, resulting from a contraction in the overall PC market as well as competitive pricing pressures. These causes negatively impacted the performance of the company’s major segments. The factor would be interesting to the investor since the primary objective of investors is to maximise their returns. A decline in revenues indicates that the business is experiencing challenges that if not addressed, may have an adverse effect of the future profitability and growth ...

Introduction

The US General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) refers to the accounting standard that is being used in the United States, while the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) refers to the accounting standard that is being used in more than one-hundred and ten countries around the globe. One of the main differences between the above two accounting standards is that GAAP accounting system is considered to be more “rules-based”, while IFRS is considered to be more “principles-based”. IFRS is better as compared to GAAP and this is the reason why the US. Securities and Exchange and Commission are hoping ...

Question 1

a) Useful information is not always economically beneficial information for the company. There may be different situations when importance of economic considerations outweigh that of usefulness and a company would prefer to manipulate numbers in a way that distort realistic picture in order to provide benefits. Depending on the current objectives of a firm, there might different approaches towards similar accounting issues. If a company wants to boost confidence of investors, it would aim to increase earnings per share and may underreport certain costs, such as amortisation and depreciation; if a company needs to show positive cash flow, it may purposely delay particular transactions not ...

Management Memorandum

The main purpose of this memo is to clarify on some issues based on the LIFO inventory management of stock. Over the recent past, it has been noted with a lot of concern that the cost of managing the stock has been tremendously increasing. As a result, some of the existing policies have been modified to rectify the situation while other new policies have been put in place to enable a smooth flow of inventories with no major cost challenges. Increasing stock costs has resulted into the firm incurring increasing losses due to increased costs. After a comparative study of the stock ...

Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.

Wal-Mart Stores Inc., commonly referred to as Walmart, is a multinational corporation that is listed in New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). Walmart Stores Inc. is in the retails industry. . Wal-Mart Stores Inc. was ranked the largest retail store in the world by Fortune 500.The fiscal year of Wal-Mart Inc. begins on 1st February and ends on 31st January the following year. This paper analyses the most recent financial statements of Wal-Mart Stores Inc. In the case, the latest financial statements that could be obtained was for the year ended 31st January 2012 while the comparative figures are for the financial ...